共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 31 毫秒
1.
I. I. Rokityansky V. I. Babak A. V. Tereshyn 《Journal of Volcanology and Seismology》2016,10(6):395-406
Geomagnetic records from 20 Japanese observatories have been used to yield time series of response function (RF) components for 20 years at periods of between 2.5 and 60 min. Six observatories showed anomalous variations lasting 3–5 years in the short period part of the above range of periods prior to the March 11, 2011 Tohoku earthquake. The variations could have been intermediate-term precursors. We made a detailed analysis of how noise affects the results using coherence criteria, visual control, and the remote-reference technique. We clarified the conditions that make response functions dependent on geomagnetic activity. For 19 observatories we constructed the tensor of the anomalous magnetic field with Kakioka as the base site. An anomaly in electrical conductivity striking WNW–ESE has been identified beneath the Boso Peninsula near Tokyo in the conditions of strong noise. We sought to corroborate the reality of the anomaly by visual control and processing of nighttime records with minimum noise. We advanced idea that precursors can be monitored using the DC noise field in the presence of a shallow conductivity anomaly. We provided a tectonic interpretation of the obtained RF anomalies. The Boso conductivity anomaly is interpreted as being due to a graben-shaped structure of the sediments and possibly to a deeper plate-tectonics structure, that is, the Sagami Trough. We examine similarities and differences between the Boso anomaly and the Avacha anomaly in Kamchatka, and provided recommendations for further study of the Boso anomaly and for using the Avacha anomaly to monitor EM precursors in Kamchatka. 相似文献
2.
本文讨论了视波速比=ts11-ts/tp11-tp与介质真实波速比的关系。假设地壳为水平双层结构,上层地壳内包含一个水平延伸的波速异常区.计算了的理论值。结果表明,对于以往用水平传播的直达波测不出异常的某些情况(例如直达波没有穿过异常区;异常区的水平尺度很小等),只要反射波穿过异常区,根据值的变化,仍有可能把异常较为有效地检测出来。 应用这一方法研究了溧阳地震台记录的马鞍山人工爆破资料,发现1979年7月9日溧阳6.0级地震前值呈现负异常,平均幅度约为5%,异常时间为15——17个月。为了解释这一异常,直达波在异常区内的路程应当很短,或者根本不穿过异常区。 本文结果表明,主要使用反射波,可能会改善用人工波源方法观测震前波速变化的前景。 相似文献
3.
河北省数字地电场数据分析 总被引：13，自引：0，他引：13
通过分析总结河北省数字地电场的正常场和异常信息，发现正常记录除了显示日变周期外，还记录到了半日和三分之一日周期，比较长的周期还有半月周期等；干扰信息主要与电极极化及磁暴等有关，大磁暴干扰一般会出现高频信号，破坏正常日变形态，其主要表现为多台同步等幅信号；对台站的电场方向性研究发现，在正常时段电场记录方向性显著，而磁暴记录期内方向性较差，显示外空异常源方向比较复杂。最后对一些可能与地震有关的异常现象进行了分析探讨。我们认为，目前的多极距地电场观测对排除干扰及异常识别带来很大方便，但共用电极的观测方式为异常识别增加了障碍。 相似文献
4.
Emil Blias 《Geophysical Prospecting》2009,57(3):323-341
Lateral velocity changes (velocity anomalies) in the overburden may cause significant oscillations in normal moveout velocities. Explicit analytical moveout formulas are presented and provide a direct explanation of these lateral fluctuations and other phenomena for a subsurface with gentle deep structures and shallow overburden anomalies. The analytical conditions for this have been derived for a depth-velocity model with gentle structures with dips not exceeding 12°. The influence of lateral interval velocity changes and curvilinear overburden velocity boundaries can be estimated and analysed using these formulas. An analytical approach to normal moveout velocity analysis in a laterally inhomogeneous medium provides an understanding of the connection between lateral interval velocity changes and normal moveout velocities. In the presence of uncorrected shallow velocity anomalies, the difference between root-mean-square and stacking velocity can be arbitrarily large to the extent of reversing the normal moveout function around normal incidence traveltimes. The main reason for anomalous stacking velocity behaviour is non-linear lateral variations in the shallow overburden interval velocities or the velocity boundaries.
A special technique has been developed to determine and remove shallow velocity anomaly effects. This technique includes automatic continuous velocity picking, an inversion method for the determination of shallow velocity anomalies, improving the depth-velocity model by an optimization approach to traveltime inversion (layered reflection tomography) and shallow velocity anomaly replacement. Model and field data examples are used to illustrate this technique. 相似文献
A special technique has been developed to determine and remove shallow velocity anomaly effects. This technique includes automatic continuous velocity picking, an inversion method for the determination of shallow velocity anomalies, improving the depth-velocity model by an optimization approach to traveltime inversion (layered reflection tomography) and shallow velocity anomaly replacement. Model and field data examples are used to illustrate this technique. 相似文献
5.
山西中强地震前波速比异常研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
本文分析了大同－阳高６．１级（１９８９），５．８级（１９９１），忻州５．、１级（１９９１），侯马５．１级（１９８９）以及太原，运城１９８９－１９９１年几个４．０级左右地震前后的２０２次小震资料。结果表明：这些主震前都存在明显的地震波速异常变化，纵横波速比Ｖｐ／Ｖｓ表面为下降－回升的异常形态，负异常持续时间与震级大小相关；主震在岁异常结束后发生，滞后时间随区域地震震源深度增大而延长。同时，主震前还存 相似文献
6.
A radial velocity anomaly in the lower mantle may cause a triplication in the travel-time curve for short-period P waves, but the first two arrivals may not be separable visually on seismograms over a distance range of about 4–10°. However, the changes of slowness and azimuth as a function of time can be used to infer the presence of interfering signals. Some of the interference effects that can be generated synthetically are often observed on seismograms of earthquakes recorded at the Yellowknife array at distances close to 50°, 80° and 90°. The data from Yellowknife provide evidence for the presence of regions of high velocity gradients at depths of about 1250, 2400 and 2730 km that also show rapid lateral variations. Numerous P arrivals from South American earthquakes that traverse the lowest 500 km of the mantle beneath the Caribbean region have been used to illustrate the main features of the interference method. 相似文献
7.
2009年利用大功率人工源极低频电磁技术(CSELF)在位于华北、华南、东北、西北和西南的12个地震台站和几个流动观测点进行了连续30天新的观测试验.结果表明,利用CSELF技术可以在1700 km之外测量到人工源电磁场信号,计算得到的电、磁场功率谱密度和视电阻率与天然源信号相比,抗干扰能力更强,观测信号更稳定,特别有利于识别和捕捉地震等诱发的电磁异常现象,在地震预测监测中具有很大的研究应用潜力.试验还发现,各地震台站和流动测点观测的CSELF信号的强度,与台站或者测量的电、磁场分量相对于发射源的距离、方位有明显的关系;发现在离开发射源的相对近区,场强随距离的衰减,比在相对远区更快;发现接收磁场信号比电场信号较易获得更高信噪比的数据. 相似文献
8.
本文分析了1975年2月4日海城7.3级地震前后147次地震的资料。结果表明,主震前地震波速比有明显的异常变化。纵横波速比Vp/Vs表现为“下降-回升”的异常形态,负异常至少在主震前四年已出现,最大异常幅度为10％左右,负异常结束后十个月发生主震。主震前波速比异常区较大;而震源附近的小区域,仅在全区波速比回升后的临震前才出现了急剧的负异常。主震前横波速度变化不大,纵波和虚波速度出现异常变化。在一次4.8级强余震前两个月,波速比也出现了负异常。 本文还分析了8次人工爆破,但未发现主震前波速比的异常变化。 关于波速比异常的原因,初步认为是岩石在构造应力的集中作用下,弹性性质发生变化、内部出现大量微裂隙而造成的。 相似文献
9.
Yu. M. Mikhailov G. A. Mikhailova O. V. Kapustina G. I. Druzhin S. E. Smirnov 《Geomagnetism and Aeronomy》2006,46(6):796-808
Simultaneous records of the diurnal variations in the quasistatic electric field in the near-Earth atmosphere, fluxes of discrete electromagnetic pulses in the VLF band, source azimuths, narrowband filter output emission intensity at frequencies of 4.65 and 5.3 kHz, and time forms and spectra of VLF pulses have been analyzed. The anomalous behavior of these parameters in October 2002 and August 2004 with different time delay was accompanied by earthquakes near the southeastern coast of Kamchatka at distances of 250–400 km from the registration points. Based on the results of a fine frequency-time analysis of the broadband records of VLF signals, it has been indicated for the first time that discrete electromagnetic pulses observed in anomalous fluxes before earthquakes were signals of local thunderstorm processes. 相似文献
10.
在野外地震数据采集过程中,如果地震测线上空有高压输电线通过时,在地震记录中就存在一个50HZ左右强单频干扰.这种干扰在地震记录的整个时间段上具有很强的能量,并且从浅层到深层频率、相位和振幅可能不相同,但是它们的变化不太大,可以认为基本保持不变.采用频率域压制方法很难完全消除这种干扰,仅仅是噪声和信号同时压制一定的倍数,因此并没有改善单频分量频率附近的信噪比.我们提出了基于余弦函数的自适应单频干扰消除方法,以有效消除地震数据单频干扰.在时间域内采用频率、时延和振幅的余弦函数来逼近这种单频干扰并从地震记录中减去,以实现消除这种单频干扰的目的.单频干扰余弦函数的振幅使用公式直接计算,单频干扰频率和时延采用自适应方法估算.本方法的最大优点就是能够有效消除干扰,而并不伤害干扰附近有效信号,因此在单频干扰频率分量附近数据信噪比提高了.通过实际数据的试算,说明了本方法的有效性和可行性. 相似文献
11.
姚安6.5级地震前云南倾斜场变化特征 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
对姚安6．5级地震前云南地区的地倾斜进行了系统的分析研究，论述了震前前兆信息的异常特点，总结了震前倾斜场的异常变化特征：1、异常幅度大、异常面积广；2、趋势性异常地域相对集中；3、短临异常出现的时间相对集中；4、震前异常具有明显的阶段性；5、异常方向具有一定的指示性。最后对倾斜观测及地震预报作了相关的讨论。 相似文献
12.
The zone of anomalous diurnal variations in foF2, which is characterized by an excess of nighttime foF2 values over daytime ones, has been distinguished in the Southern Hemisphere based on the Intercosmos-19 satellite data.
In English literature, this zone is usually defined as the Weddell Sea anomaly (WSA). The anomaly occupies the longitudes
of 180°–360° E in the Western Hemisphere and the latitudes of 40°–80° S, and the effect is maximal (up to ∼5 MHz) at longitudes
of 255°–315° E and latitudes of 60°–70° S (50°–55° ILAT). The anomaly is observed at all levels of solar activity. The anomaly
formation causes have been considered based on calculations and qualitative analysis. For this purpose, the longitudinal variations
in the ionospheric and thermospheric parameters in the Southern Hemisphere have been analyzed in detail for near-noon and
near-midnight conditions. The analysis shows that the daytime foF2 values are much smaller in the Western Hemisphere than in the Eastern one, and, on the contrary, the nighttime values are
much larger, as a result of which the foF2 diurnal variations are anomalous. Such a character of the longitudinal effect mainly depends on the vertical plasma drift
under the action of the neutral wind and ionization by solar radiation. Other causes have also been considered: the composition
and temperature of the atmosphere, plasma flows from the plasmasphere, electric fields, particle precipitation, and the relationship
to the equatorial anomaly and the main ionospheric trough. 相似文献
13.
2019年6月17日四川省宜宾市长宁县发生MS6.0地震。在震前约60天,距离震中西南方约42 km处的筠连GNSS连续观测站(JUNL)坐标时间序列东方向开始出现异常变化,笔者所在工作组第一时间发现并落实了该异常,正式提交了异常核实报告。本文主要梳理了此次异常核实成功经验,为后续地震监测预报工作提供震例总结。异常出现后,工作组首先从原始时间序列、从多路径效应分析、天空残差视图对比分析等对JUNL站数据进行内业质量检测,排除数据质量问题。当天,工作组赶到台站进行现场异常核实,通过对仪器设备、观测室环境、观测场环境等进行检测,排除了仪器故障和环境干扰等因素。由于筠连站紧挨长宁珙县震群,且地震活动活跃,因此结合内、外业检测分析结果,工作组在震前22天作出筠连站异常与地质构造运动或断层活动有关的判断,为本次地震的预测预报工作提供了科学依据。 相似文献
14.
The palaeo-shorelines around the lakes on the Tibetan Plateau can be used to reconstruct water level variations, which serve as sensitive indicators of hydroclimate change. Extensive studies have been carried out to constrain the Holocene lake level fluctuations by dating shorelines with a variety of methods (e.g., luminescence, 14C, 10Be and U–Th series). In comparison, the timing of the lake level variations during the last glacial and subsequent deglaciation periods has been rarely studied. The driving factors of such changes, therefore, remain elusive. In this study, we performed a detailed luminescence dating investigation on six samples taken from a nearshore sedimentary outcrop in the south of Selin Co basin. The post-IR IRSL signals measured at 225 °C (pIRIR225) on sand-sized K-feldspar grains demonstrated a generally good behavior and yielded reliable chronologies, while the optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) signals of quartz showed systematical age underestimation, which was attributed to anomalous fading. Six pIRIR225 ages ranging from 15 to 10 ka suggested that the lake level of Selin Co during the last deglaciation reached up to 40–45 m high above the modern lake level. In view of the regional precipitation and temperature proxy records, we consider that the glacier meltwater supply has likely been the primary contributor to the lake highstands during the last deglaciation. 相似文献
15.
绥化台地电阻率异常与震兆特征 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
以绥化地震台地电阻率8年的地震观测资料为参考依据,研究了台站周边300km范围内的5级以上地震和200km的4级以上地震,对地电阻率资料异常形态与地震关系进行了探讨。结果显示,其异常形态表现为多年趋势下降变化异常、年变的消失、震荡异常、台阶等,其正常年变形态为正弦波形的变化,异常与地震对应关系良好。 相似文献
16.
本文介绍了地电阻率时间序列数据的常用处理方法,即消除年变化法、无量纲法、相对均方差法和差分法共4类8种方法,包括“九五”以来对原方法的改进和新发展的方法,讨论了各方法的原理、数据处理过程、异常分辨能力、异常指标和异常物理机制及其在数据处理中存在的不足.结果显示:① 一般来说,用有效的数据处理方法才能分析、识别出原始数据曲线上的“弱变化”异常;② 文中8种方法的原理简明,异常物理机制清晰或较清晰,各方法的异常识别指标分别为明确、基本明确和定性的,定性的异常在震情研判中仅有参考意义;③ 消除年变化法和无量纲法通常用于识别地震中期、短临异常,而相对均方差法和差分法通常用于识别短临异常;④ 经数据处理得到的异常与原始曲线的“弱变化”异常相协调;⑤ 时间序列数据出现的异常并不等同与地震孕育、发生过程有直接联系的前兆异常,出现数据异常的台站附近不一定会发生显著地震. 相似文献
17.
处理北京地区2009-2012年5个高采样率数字CNEM08-Ⅰ型电扰动台站数据,通过频谱分析,研究数字电磁波正常本底信号,地铁、地电供电、电磁感应等于扰信号,以及地震异常信号的频谱特征.结果表明：在时间域,数字电磁波的持续型干扰信号与震前电磁波信号表现相似,为连续高值脉冲信号;而在频域,数字电磁波干扰信号往往影响频带较窄,优势频率能量突出,优势频率频带窄到近乎以谱线的形式出现,谱线具有离散性、谐波性、衰减性特征;而震前信号具有连续的较宽频带,衰减较慢. 相似文献
18.
本文基于电磁波频谱理论研究方法,对2008年四川汶川MS8.0地震前后金河、剑阁及郑州二砂三个电磁波台站的观测资料进行FFT和小波变换分析,研究了电磁辐射数据快速傅里叶频谱变化特征和在不同尺度下小波变化的分解,发现在汶川地震前确实有异常信息存在.结果表明:(1) FFT动态谱图像说明,地震前电磁波频谱变化特征较明显,在时间、频段上均显示了阶段性进程特征,且随着震中距的增大,辐射能量越小,异常出现的时间越晚;(2) 小波分解显示了地震前电磁波异常信号低频部分出现的时间较早;距震中较近的台站,异常信息在高频部分相对明显;距震中稍远的台站,异常信息在低频部分相对明显. 相似文献
19.
20.
在地震前兆观测台网中,地磁和地电同台观测是较为常见的,地电测量时的供电干扰会引起同台地磁观测数据的变化,造成地磁观测精度下降.本文在分析产生地电供电干扰的机理及特点基础上,提出了采用噪声辅助的基于极值特征尺度的干扰辨识,对采用线性差值辨识出的干扰区间利用这种技术进行填充.并将该方法应用到成都、洛阳、徐庄子和蒙城四个磁电同台观测数据的分析处理中.结果表明:该方法在地电供电对地磁资料的干扰辨识精确度方面和干扰抑制损失上有较好的效果和较高的稳定性,辨识精确高,抑制损失相对与传统滤波器达到最小程度.在抑制地电供电干扰,提高地磁观测精度方面有较好的应用价值. 相似文献