共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 875 毫秒
1.
Elie Verleyen Dominic A. Hodgson Koen Sabbe Holger Cremer Steven D. Emslie John Gibson Brenda Hall Satoshi Imura Sakae Kudoh Gareth J. Marshall Andrew McMinn Martin Melles Louise Newman Donna Roberts Steve J. Roberts Shiv M. Singh Mieke Sterken Ines Tavernier Sergey Verkulich Evelien Van de Vyver Wim Van Nieuwenhuyze Bernd Wagner Wim Vyverman 《Earth》2011,104(4):199-212
We review the post-glacial climate variability along the East Antarctic coastline using terrestrial and shallow marine geological records and compare these reconstructions with data from elsewhere. Nearly all East Antarctic records show a near-synchronous Early Holocene climate optimum (11.5–9 ka BP), coinciding with the deglaciation of currently ice-free regions and the optimum recorded in Antarctic ice and marine sediment cores. Shallow marine and coastal terrestrial climate anomalies appear to be out of phase after the Early Holocene warm period, and show complex regional patterns, but an overall trend of cooling in the terrestrial records. A Mid to Late Holocene warm period is present in many East Antarctic lake and shallow coastal marine records. Although there are some differences in the regional timing of this warm period, it typically occurs somewhere between 4.7 and 1 ka BP, which overlaps with a similar optimum found in Antarctic Peninsula terrestrial records. The differences in the timing of these sometimes abrupt warm events in different records and regions points to a number of mechanisms that we have yet to identify. Nearly all records show a neoglacial cooling from 2 ka BP onwards. There is no evidence along the East Antarctic coastline for an equivalent to the Northern Hemisphere Medieval Warm Period and there is only weak circumstantial evidence in a few places for a cool event crudely equivalent in time to the Northern Hemisphere's Little Ice Age. There is a need for well-dated, high resolution climate records in coastal East Antarctica and particularly in Terre Adélie, Dronning Maud Land and Enderby Land to fully understand the regional climate anomalies, the disparity between marine and terrestrial records, and to determine the significance of the heterogeneous temperature trends being measured in the Antarctic today. 相似文献
2.
柴达木盆地侏罗系陆相地层记录了该时期一系列重大的构造-气候-环境耦合演化事件,然而针对该套地层的古气
候、古风化作用等方面研究还很薄弱。为了恢复柴达木盆地侏罗纪时期的古气候和古环境特征,文章研究对柴北缘大煤沟侏
罗系标准剖面的沉积岩样品开展了全岩主、微量元素测试,综合采用多种化学风化指数判定柴达木盆地侏罗纪古气候条件及
演变过程。元素比值(Rb/Sr、K/Na、Na/Al 和Na/Ti)和化学风化指数(CIA、CIW、PIA 和ICV)均显示,柴达木盆地侏罗纪化学风
化过程和古气候演化过程可划分为4 个阶段：早侏罗世早-中期和中侏罗世中期,化学风化作用强烈,古气候处于温带-亚热
带温暖、潮湿气候条件;早侏罗世晚期和中侏罗世晚期-晚侏罗世,受到区域降水减少影响,盆地化学风化作用显著减弱,整体
处于干旱、半干旱环境。以上结果与前人基于沉积物和植物群面貌研究得出的古气候变化过程相吻合,为盆地及区域陆相侏
罗纪古气候研究提供了相对完整而连续的地球化学证据和参考。 相似文献
3.
柴达木盆地侏罗系陆相地层记录了该时期一系列重大的构造—气候—环境耦合演化事件，然而针对该套地层的古气
候、古风化作用等方面研究还很薄弱。为了恢复柴达木盆地侏罗纪时期的古气候和古环境特征，文章研究对柴北缘大煤沟侏
罗系标准剖面的沉积岩样品开展了全岩主、微量元素测试，综合采用多种化学风化指数判定柴达木盆地侏罗纪古气候条件及
演变过程。元素比值(Rb/Sr、K/Na、Na/Al 和Na/Ti)和化学风化指数(CIA、CIW、PIA 和ICV)均显示，柴达木盆地侏罗纪化学风
化过程和古气候演化过程可划分为4 个阶段：早侏罗世早—中期和中侏罗世中期，化学风化作用强烈，古气候处于温带—亚热
带温暖、潮湿气候条件；早侏罗世晚期和中侏罗世晚期—晚侏罗世，受到区域降水减少影响，盆地化学风化作用显著减弱，整体
处于干旱、半干旱环境。以上结果与前人基于沉积物和植物群面貌研究得出的古气候变化过程相吻合，为盆地及区域陆相侏
罗纪古气候研究提供了相对完整而连续的地球化学证据和参考。 相似文献
4.
Research on Dynamic of Terrestrial System of China: Academic Logic and Synthetic Scheme 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Wu Shaohong Gao Jiangbo Dai Erfu Zhao Dongsheng Yin Yunhe Yang Lin Zheng Jingyun Pan Tao Yang Qinye 《地球科学进展》2017,32(6):569-576
Land surface, the environment where human survive and develop, is a synthesis formed with multi-scaled and multi-process interactions between natural factors. The terrestrial system, which is the core study field of physical geography, can be defined as the land surface synthesis with spatially ordered distribution and temporally dynamic balance. In the past century, natural variations and human activities have had profound influences on land surface. How they drove the changed interactions between land surface factors, and further altered the land surface pattern, are the frontier and basis for global change and geography studies. Based on the brief review of research on terrestrial system at home and abroad, the paper summarized the existing difficulties and problems, and then proposed the academic logic for studies of dynamic of terrestrial system. The research should be conducted following the logic of elements, patterns and dynamic, with emphasis on themes of processes and feedback, variation in regions and terrestrial system. At last, the synthetic scheme was designed for research on dynamic of terrestrial system. Aimed at innovation of regionalization methodology and detection on driving mechanism of dynamic of terrestrial system, the following four aspects should be included: Changes and interaction mechanism of key factors (i.e. water, soil, climate and plant) and their spatial-temporal variation; Quantifying the influences of factor interactions on regionalization formation and conversion; Quantified assessment on changing tendency and magnitude of land surface pattern under global climate change; Accomplishment of dynamic land surface pattern at different past and future stages. Correspondingly, the technical route should combine bottom-up and top-down methodologies, with field survey, earth observation, station monitoring and mathematical simulation to build the comprehensive database. Conducting research on dynamic of terrestrial system can be helpful for developing theory of integrated physical geography, deepening cognition on dynamic land surface pattern, and providing scientific basis for regional sustainable resources utilization and countermeasure establishment of climate change adaptation. 相似文献
5.
Aurélie Chaalali Grégory Beaugrand Philippe Boët Benoît Sautour 《Estuaries and Coasts》2013,36(6):1193-1205
Although many consequences of climate change on marine and terrestrial ecosystems are well documented, the characterisation of estuarine ecosystems specific responses and the drivers of the changes are less understood. In this study, we considered the biggest Southwestern European estuary, the Gironde, as a model of a macrotidal estuary to assess the effects of both large- (i.e., North Atlantic basin-scale) and regional-scale climate changes. Using a unique set of data on climatic, physical, chemical and biological parameters for the period 1978–2009, we examined relations between changes in both the physical and chemical environments and pelagic communities (plankton and fish) via an end-to-end approach. Our results show that the estuary experienced two abrupt shifts (～1987 and ～2000) over the last three decades, which altered the whole system. The timing of these abrupt shifts are in accordance with abrupt shifts reported in both marine (e.g., in the North Sea, the Mediterranean Sea and along the Atlantic) and terrestrial (e.g., in European lakes) realms. Although this work does not allow a full understanding of the dynamical processes through which climate effects propagate along the different compartments of the ecosystem, it provides evidence that the dynamics of the largest estuary of Southwest Europe is strongly modulated by climate change at both regional and global scales. 相似文献
6.
《Quaternary Science Reviews》2003,22(18-19):1835-1857
Upper Pleistocene loess/palaeosol sequences provide excellent high-resolution terrestrial archives of climate forcing. Due to improvements in numerical age determinations, especially in luminescence dating methods, a more reliable time-based reconstruction of the past climate and environmental change has become available for the loess record in Europe. Chronological information was collected from 43 sites along a northwest to southeast transect in Europe. Thirty-three of these sites had sufficient age information to allow estimation of mass accumulation rates, and it was possible to isolate the mass accumulation rates of primary loess during the Last Glacial Period (∼28–13 ka BP) at 21 of these locations. These sites fall along a coarse climatic gradient from the relatively coastal climate of Belgium and France to the drier, more continental climate of Central Europe. Interpreting mass accumulation rates of loess in terms of this climatic gradient is not straightforward as these deposits are dominated by sources in floodplains and large river systems. Thus accumulation rates are influenced strongly by regional wind and precipitation patterns, but mostly by the availability of glacially derived material from the Alps and the periglacial terrains that characterized European fluvial systems during and immediately following glaciation. 相似文献
7.
8.
Qiuhong Tang Xingcai Liu Zhe Li Xiaobo Yun Xuejun Zhang Qiang Yu Jun Li Yongyong Zhang Huijuan Cui Siao Sun Chi Zhang Yin Tang Guoyong Leng 《地球科学进展》2019,34(2):115-123
The terrestrial water cycle is influenced by a wide range of climatic variables and human disturbances. In the era of the Anthropocene, when humans drive the changes in atmospheric and hydrological processes in river basins, there is an urgent need to include human impacts in the study of the terrestrial water cycle. This paper focused on the large-scale hydrological modeling which takes account of human impacts, reviewed the research progress of the natural and human-induced changes in the terrestrial water cycle and the development of comprehensive terrestrial hydrological models in recent years, and proposed that an integrated water system model with human-related processes such as crop water demand model, engineering regulation and social water demand, be the key to large-scale water cycle simulations under changing environment. Based on the existing large-scale land surface hydrological model, there is a need to put forward the integration of the human-related processes. A comprehensive integrated water system model that considers multi-processes can help us to understand the key mechanisms of how climate change and human activity influence the regional water cycle. It also provides a theoretical and practical basis for investigating the causes and effects of changes in terrestrial water cycle under a changing environment, and thus offers scientific support for climate change adaptation in the water sector. 相似文献
9.
陆地水循环过程的综合集成与模拟 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
在气候变化与人类活动的影响下,陆地水循环过程发生了明显改变,并导致了一系列资源环境问题。深入认识陆地水循环过程的变化机理,发展陆地水循环过程综合集成模拟技术,预估未来陆地水循环的变化趋势,是当前水循环研究面临的重要任务。主要关注人类活动影响下的大尺度(大河流域或大陆尺度)陆地表层系统水循环模拟,梳理了近年来陆地水循环过程综合集成与模拟相关的研究进展,指出当前大尺度陆地表层系统水循环模拟模型的主要问题是对自然过程与人类活动过程间相互作用描述不足,以及人类活动参数化方案的不完善。因此,完善人类活动参数化方案,构建陆地水循环过程的综合集成模型,是模拟研究的重要发展方向之一。同时,考虑多要素过程的综合集成模型有助于解释气候变化与人类用水活动影响水循环变化的关键机制,为探索变化环境下陆地水循环变化成因及其效应提供理论与实践基础,其结果将为区域水资源配置及应对全球变化的战略决策提供科学依据。 相似文献
10.
11.
Reid A. Bryson 《Quaternary Research》1985,23(3):275-286
Many of the problems that have been discussed with regard to the analog approach to paleoclimatic reconstruction may be illustrated by consideration of basic principles and definitions, and the logical consquences thereof. Specific attention is directed toward the definition of the regional macroclimate as the modal microclimate and to a series of axioms: (1) There are various microclimates which depart more or less from the macroclimate in each terrestrial region. (2) Environment and climate change on time scales from near instantaneous to millions of years. (3) Climate is multidimensional (a vector), not a single scalar datum. (4) Biotic assemblage changes in response to environmental (including climatic) changes are expressed primarily in terms of reproductive success. One may conclude from the corollaries to these axioms that perfect analogs cannot be found for any Holocene climate, but that “partial analogs” (“transfer equations”) may still be used if allowance is made for shared variance. 相似文献
12.
Mine Sezgül Kayseri-Özer 《Geodinamica Acta》2013,26(1-2):122-157
The continental climatic evolution of Anatolia has been reconstructed quantitatively for the last 45 million years using the coexistence approach. Although there were some regional effects, the Anatolian Cenozoic continental climate record correlated with the European climatic condition and the global oxygen isotope record from marine environments. From middle Eocene to late Miocene, continental warming in Anatolia was pronounced for inferred winter temperature and mean annual temperature as in Europe. Generally, the palaeoclimatic property of Anatolia resembles the European climatic changing and marine temperature changing based on the oxygen isotope record; however, climatic values of the terrestrial area in Anatolia are higher from Lutetian to Aquitanian and these values are lower than European values from Aquitanian to Tortonian. Correspondingly, Cenozoic climatic cooling in Anatolia is directly associated with an increase of seasonality, palaeogeographic position and terrestrial condition. Furthermore, mean annual precipitation values of Anatolia remained relatively stable during the Eocene–Oligocene; however, these values indicated changing throughout middle–late Miocene. Moreover, in this study, decline of abundance and variables for the mangrove and back mangrove palaeocommunities during the last 45 million years is recorded because of the decreasing of humidity, temperature and increasing of terrestrial condition. 相似文献
13.
Future projections of climate suggest our planet is moving into a ‘super‐interglacial’. Here we report a global synthesis of ice, marine and terrestrial data from a recent palaeoclimate equivalent, the Last Interglacial (ca. 130–116 ka ago). Our analysis suggests global temperatures were on average ～1.5°C higher than today (relative to the AD 1961–1990 period). Intriguingly, we identify several Indian Ocean Last Interglacial sequences that suggest persistent early warming, consistent with leakage of warm, saline waters from the Agulhas Current into the Atlantic, intensifying meridional ocean circulation and increasing global temperatures. This mechanism may have played a significant positive feedback role during super‐interglacials and could become increasingly important in the future. These results provide an important insight into a future 2°C climate stabilisation scenario. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
14.
T. I. Moiseenko N. A. Gashkina M. I. Dinu T. A. Kremleva V. Yu. Khoroshavin 《Geochemistry International》2013,51(13):1031-1148
This paper reports the results of an extensive investigation of water chemistry in the small lakes of European Russia and Western Siberia along a climatic gradient. It was demonstrated that small lakes unaffected by any direct contamination can be used as indicators of natural geochemical conditions of water formation, as well as global and regional fluxes of airborne pollution and climate warming. A novel concept was developed for within- and between-zone variability in water chemistry over vast areas of tundra, taiga, forest, and steppe, and contributions of natural and anthropogenic factors to its formation under present-day conditions were estimated. A proposed predictive scenario showed that climate warming will result in an increase in water salinity in southern regions and ubiquitous phosphorus enrichment in terrestrial waters; the hydrologic and geochemical conditions of water formation in northern Siberia will change significantly in response to permafrost thawing. Zonal features in the development of anthropogenically-induced processes in terrestrial surface waters (acidification, eutrophication, and metal enrichment) were determined. It was demonstrated that, in addition to naturally acidified lakes with high contents of humic acids, acid lakes of anthropogenic origin occur over the whole humid region discussed here, and acidification processes were characterized for each subregion. The trophic status of lakes and limitation of their bioproductivity with respect to nutrients were estimated. The concentrations and distribution of trace elements were analyzed in terrestrial waters from various climatic zones of European Russia and Western Siberia, and the first estimates were obtained for the mean concentrations and coefficients of migration of a wide range of elements in terrestrial freshwaters. We distinguished a group of metal (Mo, As, U, Bi, Sb, Cd, Ag, Se, Re, Pb, Cd, W, etc.) the enrichment of which in natural waters results from their global dispersion in the environment. Experimental results and natural observations are presented on the processes of metal ion complexation with humus substances, and sequences of their increasing activity in competing for organic ligands were derived. Data are presented on the speciation of metals depending on natural water chemistry in the tundra, taiga, and steppe zones. The pioneering investigations on the geochemistry of natural waters allowed us to substantiate new regional norms for water quality. 相似文献
15.
气候变化对中国北方荒漠草原植被的影响 总被引：70，自引：2，他引：70
气候变化对陆地生态系统的影响及其反馈是全球变化研究的焦点之一。利用气候变量实现对遥感植被指数所表示的植被绿度信息的模拟，可以尝试作为表达生物圈过去和未来状态的一种途径。利用1961-2000年的气温、降水和1983-1999年的NOAA/AVHRR资料，分析了中国北方地带性植被类型荒漠草原植被分布区的短尺度气候的年际和季节变化，及其对植被的影响。结果表明，过去40年中该区域年际气候变化表现为增温和降水波动。年NDVI的最大值（NDVImax）可以较好地反映气候的变化，过去17年中NDVImax出现的时间略有提前。综合分析NDVI、植被盖度、NPP、区域蒸散量、土壤含水量及其气候的年际变化，表明增温加剧了土壤干旱化，降水和土壤含水量仍是制约本区植被生长的根本原因。 相似文献
16.
《Geoforum》2016
This paper examines climate justice from the perspective of three remote indigenous Carib communities located in northeastern St. Vincent, amidst their vulnerability to climatic hazards. The study contributes to the growing body of literature that explores the impacts climate-induced changes are having on Indigenous peoples through its explicit focus on this distinctive social group. The paper entails a detail case study of the particular ways the recent onset of two consecutive extreme weather events have impacted livelihood activities in these traditional farming villages. Primary data were collected in the aftermath of a severe drought that was followed by Hurricane Tomas in 2010, using a mixed method approach involving a questionnaire survey of 311 households, 70 unstructured interviews and 2 focus group sessions held in each of the three communities. The combined impact of these extreme weather events not only brought to light how exposed and sensitive these communities are to climatic hazards, but also illustrated some of the underlying issues driving vulnerability at the local scale that must be dealt with if climate justice is to be achieved. We argue that the factors driving vulnerability within these communities are partly a function of centuries of economic neglect and political marginalization and are also strongly related to the communities’ characteristically lower-socio economic status, geographic location, heavy reliance on land-based resources, coupled with a range of cognitive barriers that affect residents’ capacity to adapt to a changing and variable regional climate regime. 相似文献
17.
陆地生产力在全球变化,尤其是全球碳循环研究领域中,具有重要的地位。本文通过分析湖北清江和尚洞HS4石笋中P和Ca的地球化学组成,考察P/Ca对陆地生物生产力的响应。结果发现,最近50年沉积的石笋P/Ca比值与Thornthwaite Memorial生产力模型计算的区域陆地生产力具有显著的相关性,可以作为陆地古生产力的指标。以石笋P/Ca 重建的宜昌地区陆地古生产力在过去9 000年呈现波动变化的特征:8.9～6.5ka BP,陆地生产力较低;6.5～5.0ka BP,陆地生产力显著升高,并在6.4～5.6ka BP期间达到9.0ka来的最高值;5.0～4.0ka BP,处于低生产力期;4.0～1.5ka BP,生产力逐渐回升;1.5ka BP以来,生产力再次处于低值期。陆地生产力的波动明显受到全球和区域气候的制约。 相似文献
18.
《Quaternary Science Reviews》2007,26(13-14):1884-1896
Past analogs for our present interglacial have been sought for better understanding of our present and future climate. Marine Isotope Stage 11 (MIS 11) has long been considered to be a good candidate and has gained increasing attention in recent studies of marine and terrestrial records. In the Chinese loess–paleosol sequences, S4 soil, interpreted as equivalent to MIS 11, yields a very precise terrestrial paleoclimate record of environmental changes that prevailed during this period. In this study, two high-resolution terrestrial mollusc records from the Loess Plateau have been analyzed to characterize climate variability during the periods of MIS 12–10. The changes in environment and climate, indicated by the variations in abundance of land mollusc species, are thus documented. Our mollusc results show that the L5 loess, equivalent of MIS 12, developed under relatively cold and dry conditions. Climate during this period was not as severe as indicated in the marine isotopic records. An episode of warmer and more humid condition occurred at the middle stage of the MIS 12, reflecting a summer monsoon strengthened during the glacial interval. A similar scenario has been observed in the middle part of MIS 10. In addition, our mollusc records provide insight into the climate conditions over the Loess Plateau during MIS 11, a general warm–humid climate dominated during the formation of S4 soil. But at least four fluctuations occurred at Xifeng region, reflecting unstable climate conditions and regional climate differences within the Loess Plateau during this period. Our study shows that the early part of S4, spanning over 30 ka, was very warm and humid, while the late part was characterized by mild-cool conditions. Comparison of mollusc species compositions of both MIS 11 and Holocene intervals reveals different climate conditions. The early part of MIS 11 was warmer and more humid than the Holocene optimum period, while the late part of MIS 11 was similar or cooler. Our study indicates that the extent of warming during the Holocene in the Loess Plateau might be significantly less than the conditions that prevailed during the MIS 11 interglacial period. 相似文献
19.
《Quaternary Science Reviews》2005,24(14-15):1585-1599
In recent years, the generation of high-resolution terrestrial and marine long pollen sequences with improved chronological control has provided new insights into the vegetation response in southern Europe to orbital and suborbital climate variability. Here a synthesis of our current understanding of the phase and amplitude relationships between climate forcing and vegetation changes is presented. What emerges is that on orbital frequencies the timing of interglacial forest expansion is closely linked to the summer insolation maximum, but does not have a fixed lag relative to the mid-point of the deglaciation, which may vary from one Termination to another. For the closing phases of interglacials, the available evidence suggests that forest in southern Europe usually extends into the interval of ice growth. However, suborbital variability may override the diachronous relationship between glacial inception and forest decline, leading to a premature ending of forest periods. During glacial intervals, there is a close correspondence between tree-population size and ice volume extent, while during temperate intervals, the extent of forest development is closely related to the amplitude of insolation and associated climate regimes, but may diverge from the extent of residual ice volume. On suborbital frequencies, changes in tree-population size are in phase with climate forcing, while the amplitude of these changes is modulated by geographical position and local factors. Finally, orbital mean state can lead to the modulation of the amplitude of suborbital-scale variability. Examination of additional climatic cycles and increased resolution (better than 200 years) are needed to test further these preliminary conclusions. 相似文献
20.
The evolution of flood activity with global warming remains uncertain. To better assess flood–climate relationships, lake sediments are increasingly being investigated because they could provide regional flood histories long enough to cover past climate changes. However, site‐specific sedimentary processes may bias flood reconstructions. The aim of this article is to investigate these effects through the reconstruction of two distinct flood records from independent, neighbouring sedimentary basins of the same lake (Lake Allos in the Mediterranean French Alps), i.e. under the same climate conditions. Understanding of sedimentary processes is crucial in order to adapt the sampling strategy and the flood‐intensity proxy to each sedimentary system and, thereby, reconstruct a complete and reliable flood history. Thanks to this detailed approach, the main trends of the regional flood variability can be reproduced; i.e. periods of high flood‐frequency, ranges of flood‐frequency values and timing of the most intense events. In detail, some differences appeared associated to the various stream capacities to erode and transport flood sediments to the lake system, implying variable sensitivity of sedimentary systems in recording floods. Comparing regional flood records based on independent sedimentary systems from similar environments could thus be a complementary approach to assessing past flood intensity. Such an approach could open particularly interesting perspectives because reconstructing the long‐term evolution of flood intensity is a key challenge in the geosciences. 相似文献