共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 104 毫秒
1.
A geochemical baseline provides the means to distinguish between the pedogenic origin and the anthropogenic origin of the
trace element in the environmental compartments. We collected 271 soil samples representative of different parent rocks and
soil types from the whole territory of Hong Kong and analyzed the composition of clay mineralogy and the contents of 15 chemical
elements (Fe, Cd, As, etc.) for these samples. The baseline was predicted with the method of the normalization procedure combined
with the relative cumulative frequency curve. The result indicated that Fe was the best reference element for the normalization
procedure among the five potential reference elements (Fe, Al, Sc, Ti, and Mn), followed by Sc and Ti. A poor correlation
was found between Sc, Ti, and Cu. The predicted baseline was much lower than the A-value of the Dutch List used usually in screening the polluted soil of Hong Kong, implying that the extent of heavy metal
pollution might have been underestimated with respect to local lands. We also applied the cluster analysis to distinguish
the geochemical associations of the trace elements due to its importance to the baseline. Approximately three major associations
including the Fe–Mn-oxides related, Al oxides or Al-bearing-clay-mineralogy related and sulfide- related associations were
observed from the dendrogram. 相似文献
2.
江西德兴铜矿集区土壤地球化学基准值方法的适用性 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
确定矿集区土壤地球化学基准值是矿山环境地质调查与评价的重要任务,而遴选出合适的地球化学基线值的定值方法是该问题的关键。以江西德兴铜矿集区表层土壤地球化学数据为依据,运用地球化学对比法、相对累积频率方法和标准化的方法分别计算了德兴铜矿集区表层土壤6种重金属元素的地球化学背景值,并将其与江西省土壤背景值对比。结合成土母岩重金属含量分析了各种基准值定值方法的适用性,结果证明标准化方法较适用于确定研究区表层土壤地球化学基准值。 相似文献
3.
Application of a normalization procedure in determining regional geochemical baselines 总被引：33，自引：0，他引：33
The regional variability of some geochemical parameters in the Gulf of Trieste is considered in terms of their relationship
with Al, used as a normalization factor. Baselines calculated from these relationships are used to determine a simple enrichment
factor for each element, defined as the ratio between the actual and predicted baseline value. The normalization procedure
permits a new non dimensional reference baseline to be obtained that could help to assess the size of possible anomalies and
to provide information on the diffusion and dispersion patterns of pollutants inside the monitored area.
Received: 24 August 1995 · Accepted: 15 October 1995 相似文献
4.
上海崇明岛表层土壤重金属元素分布特征与环境地球化学基线值研究 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
对上海崇明岛地区表层土壤中重金属元素的分布特征进行了研究,结果表明崇明岛表层土壤未受人为污染。运用标准化方法计算了崇明岛地区表层土壤中重金属元素镉、铬、铜、铅、锌、砷的环境地球化学基线值,建立了元素镉、铬、铜、铅、锌、砷的环境地球化学基线模型,确定其环境地球化学基线值分别为0.19、71.97、31.32、24.79、86.43、8.34μg/g。与上海市土壤背景值进行了对比检验,结果显示,标准化方法能有效计算土壤中元素的环境地球化学基线,获得的基线符合其定义和实际意义,为区域经济发展规划和环境评价提供了实用的基础地球化学信息。 相似文献
5.
甘肃北山白山堂铜矿外围找矿靶区地球化学评价方法示范 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
在甘肃北山白山堂铜矿及其外围,以1:20万营盘幅区域化探数据为基础,探讨了综合利用富集贫化两类指标形成的正、负异常圈定找矿靶区并进行靶区评价的可行性示范研究。结果表明,在1:20万区域尺度上,已知白山堂铜矿产出位置出现了成矿元素(Cu)及伴生元素(Zn、Au、Ag、As、Sb、Mo)、常量组分(Fe2O3、MgO)的正异常和亲石分散元素(Ba、Sr)、常量组分(Al2O3、Na2O)的负异常,构成白山堂铜矿整体异常结构模式。以是否出现异常结构模式为标准,利用岩石裂隙充填物测量或岩屑测量结果,对白山堂铜矿外围出现的地球化学异常成矿前景进行了评价。根据示范研究结果认为,利用异常结构模式进行找矿靶区评价是行之有效的,较单纯利用成矿元素及伴生元素异常进行靶区评价证据更系统、充分。 相似文献
6.
长江三角洲地区土壤地球化学基准值及其应用探讨 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
通过对基准值、背景值概念的进一步分析,确定了以沉积环境作为土壤地球化学基准值求取的基本单元,以各基本单元的面积加权法求取区域土壤地球化学基准值的方法。利用长江三角洲地区完成的多目标区域地球化学调查数据,求取了该区的土壤地球化学基准值,并对基准值特征进行了分析和应用探讨。结果表明:各沉积环境有其特征的指示元素或组合,F、Cl、Br、I、Ca和Mg元素组合可反映海相沉积物的新老和比例;N、S、OrgC组合,I、Hg组合和Y、Ce、La等稀土和稀有元素组合分别指示湖相、泻湖相和陆相沉积环境。Hg、Cd等为全区富集的污染元素;土壤中亲石元素、稀有和稀土元素稳定;I和CaO易流失。部分元素的土壤清洁级界限值采用X0+2S0能较好地反映土壤污染的分布。研究区土壤中养分Co、Na2O几乎全部为适宜区,K、N、Fe、B、Cu、Cl、Mg、S含量丰富,Zn、Mn和P、Mo、Si相对缺乏。 相似文献
7.
《Applied Geochemistry》2001,16(11-12):1323-1331
This paper reports the first results of a low-density geochemical survey covering the whole continental area of Portugal, taking both topsoils and active stream sediments as the sampling media. The data were obtained in a consistent way from 653 sites at a sampling density of 1 site/135 km2. The samples were analysed for 31 elements by ICP-AES and after quality control the following 19 were selected: Al, As, Ba, Ca, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, K, La, Mg, Mn, Ni, P, Pb, Sr, Th, V and Zn. The baseline levels for these elements are presented. The first geochemical maps of Portugal were prepared and the geochemical patterns are generally well correlated to geological factors sometimes combined with anthropogenic influences. Some general trends can be observed between geochemical patterns and soils distribution. 相似文献
8.
洋中脊热液硫化物勘探技术的滞后,严重制约了对海底热液硫化物资源的勘探开发。以我国西南印度洋硫化物勘探合同区域采集的25个表层沉积物样品为研究对象,基于主量、微量和稀土元素检测数据,采用元素含量特征、相关性分析、元素对比值、特征元素三角图解,以及稀土元素分馏特征值等手段,开展沉积物热液信息研究。结果表明:样品所代表的大部分研究区域内主要为钙质生物沉积,部分样品元素地球化学特征受沉积物中玄武岩风化碎屑的影响,龙旂热液区的部分样品中表现出一定的热液迹象,稀土元素分馏特征和配分模式、（Al+K）?Mg?（Fe+Mn）三角图解可较好地指示热液活动。研究不仅为我国在西南印度洋的硫化物勘探提供基础数据参考,同时也是对海底热液硫化物勘探的沉积物地球化学找矿理论和方法的初步探索。 相似文献
9.
《Applied Geochemistry》2001,16(9-10):1139-1151
Establishing ‘reference sites’ is a difficult task and a critical factor in determining the baseline functioning of ecosystems. The information thus obtained on nutrient and contaminant background concentrations in turn subsidizes the remediation of impacted landscapes. This paper reports a study on metal (Cr, Cu, Pb, Zn, Mn, Fe and Al) and nutrient (C) distribution in sediments from Capivari River watershed (Praia do Sul Biological Reserve, Ilha Grande, Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil), an area where typical SE Brazilian coastal ecosystems are located. Contrary to what one would expect from the high rate at which these ecosystems have been deteriorating in recent decades, the study site is surprisingly well preserved. The present study was developed to assess variations in heavy metal concentrations in river basin sediments, to identify the geochemical carriers of these elements, and determine the influence of water quality and organic matter on their distribution. Results showed that heavy metal distribution has been influenced by the natural biogeochemical properties of those ecosystems found in an upland-to-lowland sequence in the watershed. Minimum and maximum total concentration were: 5 and 23 mg/kg for Cr; 4 and 29 mg/kg for Cu; 13 and 53 mg/kg for Pb; 24 and 142 mg/kg for Zn; 54 and 342 mg/kg for Mn; 0.8 and 7.2% for Fe; 0.5 and 4.9% for Al; 6.3 and 25% for C. The pH and EH are the key-parameters in explaining total metal concentration decrease in the swamp area, where dissolution processes and losses through metal transport seem important. The most important geochemical carriers are Al in the basin’s “continental” stretch and Fe in the estuarine portion. The data also provide evidence showing that organic matter is the key-parameter in Cu concentration control in the sediments through burial and accumulation processes especially in the swamp area. Heavy metal concentrations in sediments from the study area are generally lower than those found in similar regional ecosystems. Surface enrichment in heavy metal concentrations in collected sediment cores was not observed. The authors therefore conclude that this site is suitable as a ‘reference site’ for studies on the biogeochemistry and ecotoxicology of SE Brazilian coastal ecosystems. 相似文献
10.
Spatial distribution of major and trace elements in shallow reservoir sediments: an example from Lake Waco, Texas 总被引：11，自引：4，他引：7
J. Abraham 《Environmental Geology》1998,36(3-4):349-363
Sediment geochemistry of a shallow (6-m average) reservoir (Lake Waco) was evaluated for the spatial distribution of major
and trace elements. Sixty bottom and core samples along a 21-km transect within the reservoir, 18 overbank sediment samples,
and 8 rock types in the drainage area were collected and analyzed for major (Al, Ca, Fe) and trace elements (As, Ba, Cr, Cu,
Hg, Mn, Ni, Pb, Sr, V, Zn). Elemental concentrations in the reservoir sediments closely correspond to concentrations in the
regional rocks and represent a mixture of overbank sediment composition of the tributaries. Elemental concentrations were
statistically regressed against Al concentrations in order to establish regional baseline levels and thereby distinguish natural
from anthropogenic sources. Spatial geochemical trends, considered in terms of element-to-Al ratio versus V-to-Al ratio, relate
to the natural and anthropogenic sources contributing to the elemental concentrations. The spatial elemental distribution
in the reservoir, which receive sediments from two mineralogically contrasting basins, reflect textural and mineralogical
transition within the reservoir and suggest a progressive mixing of sediment from the tributaries. The spatial elemental distribution
and sediment texture suggest that the sediment-source, which determines the sediment-type, has a greater influence on the
major- and trace-element distributions in shallow reservoir sediments than bathymetry.
Received: 25 September 1997 · Accepted: 3 February 1998 相似文献
11.
A geochemical survey of trace elements in agricultural and non-agricultural topsoil in Dexing area,China 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
In China, soil pollution is very serious, which has jeopardized the ecology, food safety, the people's health, and even the sustainable development of agriculture. In order to investigate the soil pollution situation, a total of 874 agricultural and non-agricultural topsoil samples were collected from Dexing area, northeast of Jiangxi Province, China. The total elemental concentrations of 17 elements (As, Hg, Mo, Cd, Cr, Zn, Cu, Mn, Ti, Pb, Fe, Ca, K, Si, Al, Mg, and Na) were determined. The geochemical background and threshold was predicted with the method of the median ± median absolute deviation (MAD). The agricultural soil median concentration of trace elements was similar to that of the non-agricultural soil. In contrast to Jiangxi soil background of trace elements, the geochemical background of the study area was obviously higher. The maps of the pollution indices for As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Hg, Mn, Mo, Pb, Ti and Zn of non-agricultural soil and agricultural soils in the study area, showed that the highest level of pollution is distributed near and along the Lean River, especially in the neighboring and surrounding Dexing and Leping mining area. 相似文献
12.
D. F. Budko L. L. Demina A. P. Lisitzin M. D. Kravchishina N. V. Politova 《Doklady Earth Sciences》2017,474(1):552-556
For the first time based on determination of the geochemical occurrence forms of trace metals the main processes that control the accumulation of elements (Al, Mn, Fe, Mo, Cr, Ni, Co, Cu, Pb, Cd, and As) in the recent sediment cores from the White Sea and Barents Sea were quantified. A high-resolution study of the bottom sediment cores allowed us to estimate the short-term variations (periodicity of 10–15 years) in the accumulation of metals to reveal the periods of maximum Fe and Mn contents in the amorphous hydroxides fraction, which serve as effective adsorbents of the trace elements majority, including heavy metals. The Mn/Fe ratio in the amorphous hydroxides phase can be considered as geochemical indicators of early diagenesis. 相似文献
13.
《Chemie der Erde / Geochemistry》2016,76(4):491-499
Separation of geochemical anomalies from background are one of the important steps in mineral exploration. The Khooni mineral district (Central Iran) has complex geochemical surface expression due to a complex geological background. This region was chosen as a study area for recognition of the spatial distribution of geochemical elements and separating anomalies from background using stream sediment geochemical data. In the past decades, geochemical anomalies have been identified by means of various methods. Some of these separation methods include: statistical analysis methods, spatial statistical methods and fractal and multi-fractal methods. In this article, two efficient methods, i.e. U-statistics and the fractal concentration-area for separation and detection of anomalous areas of the background were used. The U spatial statistic method is a weighted mean, which considers sampling point positions and their spatial relation in the estimation of anomaly location. Also, fractal and multi-fractal models have also been applied to separate anomalies from background values. In this paper, the concentration–area model (C–A) was suggested to separate the anomaly of background. For this purpose, about 256 stream sediment samples were collected and analyzed. Then anomaly maps of elements were generated based on U spatial statistics and the C-A fractal methods for Au, As and Sb elements. According to obtained results, the U-statistics method performed better than C-A method. Because the comparisons of the known deposits and occurrences against the anomalous area created using thresholds from U-statistics and C-A method show that the spatial U-statistics method hits all of 3 known deposits and occurrences, the C-A fractal method hits 1 and fails 2. In addition, the results showed that these methods with regard to spatial distribution and variability within neighboring samples, in addition to concentration value frequency distributions and correlation coefficients, have more accurate results than the traditional approaches. 相似文献
14.
Jorge Marcovecchio Sandra Botté Melisa Fernández Severini Federico Delucchi 《Aquatic Geochemistry》2010,16(2):251-266
Chromium and lead concentrations and distribution have been fully studied within Bahía Blanca estuary inner area, which is
strongly influenced by urban and industrial stress. Not only metals dissolved in estuarine water but also those included in
sediments and suspended particulate matters (SPM) were measured. In all cases, internationally standardized protocols were
applied to metal measurements, including analytical quality check test through analysis of certified reference materials.
Total metal contents from surface sediments and SPM were compared with those from a historical database of the area, as well
as with values representing the natural geochemical baseline within the system. Results showed that heavy metal pollution
is mainly localized in the areas close to both industrial effluents discharge system and urban sewage outfall discharge. Data
from sequential extractions indicate that metals from anthropogenic sources (i.e., Pb) are potentially more mobile than those
inherited from geological parent material (i.e., Cr). The influences of other potential sources of metals (i.e., streams,
runoff) were also considered. SPM was clearly identified as the main carrier of the studied heavy metals within the system,
and its significance to metals input into sediments and/or biota was verified. Finally, the normalization of measured metal
concentrations against background reference elements (i.e., Al or Fe) has allowed to identify that most of the measured Cr
was lithogenic, while a significant percentage of Pb was from anthropogenic origin within Bahía Blanca estuary. 相似文献
15.
Geraldo R. Boaventura Robson C. De Oliveira Ricardo E. Santelli 《Geostandards and Geoanalytical Research》2002,26(1):63-73
The methodologies developed in this work comprise ion-exchange separation of interfering elements from rare earth elements (Fe, Al and Ca), by using resin minicolumns (Dowex-50W-X8 200-400 mesh) for the determination of La, Ce, Nd, Sm, Eu, Gd, Dy, Ho, Er, Yb and Lu by inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometry, using both off-line and on-line continuous flow systems. These methods can be used to determine rare earth elements in common silicate rocks, such as granite, basalt, rhyolite and andesite. Thirteen geochemical reference materials were used to evaluate the accuracy and precision of the off-line and on-line methods. Chondrite-normalized diagrams were obtained and compared to values reported in the literature. When compared to conventional procedures, the proposed methods provide fast and low cost rare earth elements determinations in the analysis of silicate rocks. Eighteen samples per hour could be analysed by the proposed method using the automated procedure for the determination of the eleven rare earth elements. 相似文献
16.
地球化学基准与环境监测实验室分析指标对比与建议 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
全球高质量一致性地球化学基准数据和建立全球地球化学一张图平台,是持续监测全球环境变化的定量参照标尺。本文通过对中国、欧洲、美国和澳大利亚汞、镉、钨地球化学数据对比和中国同一实验室间隔15年两次分析数据对比发现:镉元素在不同实验室和同一实验室间隔15年分析的数据是一致的(相关系数0.96),汞元素一致性较差(相关系数0.74),钨元素不具有可比性(相关系数0.56)。镉元素分析结果的高度一致是因为分析方法相同的和检出限相近;汞元素一致性较差,特别是低含量汞存在显著差异,是因为分析方法不同和检出限不同;钨元素在不同实验室不具有可比性是因为实验室分析方法存在显著差异。环境变化量必须大于野外采样误差(REsmpl)和实验室重复样误差(RDlab)之和(RCenv>REsmpl+RDlab),才能确认观测点发生了环境显著变化。因此,必须将采样误差和实验室分析误差降到最低。本文提出实验室分析的6点基本要求:①原始样品过10目筛,使用无污染加工到粒度小于200目;②使用成熟的多方法分析71种元素+其他指标,其中主量组分以玻璃熔片X射线荧光光谱法(XRF)分析为主,微量元素以四酸分解样品,电感耦合等离子体质谱法(ICP-MS)和电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法(ICP-OES)为主要分析技术,配合其他特殊分析方法;③分析检出限必须低于地壳克拉克值,报出率不低于90%;④使用的标准物质必须具有涵盖所有分析元素的认定值;⑤实验室重复样分析相对误差含量小于3倍检出限RD≤40%,大于3倍检出限RD≤20%,主量元素、铁族元素和重金属元素重复样分析相对误差RD≤20%;⑥主量组分SiO2、Al2O3、Fe2O3、FeO、MnO、MgO、CaO、Na2O、K2O、TiO2、P2O5、H2O^+(结晶水)、有机碳、CO2、SO2等15项,或SiO2、Al2O3、Fe2O3、FeO、MnO、MgO、CaO、Na2O、K2O、TiO2、P2O5、LOI(烧失量)等12项加和为99.3%~100.7%。 相似文献
17.
环境地球化学基线研究简介 总被引：20，自引：1，他引：20
作者在文中介绍了地球化学基线提出的背景及定义，阐述了地球化学基线与地球化学背景的区别，标准化方法是目前国际上常用的确定地球化学基线的方法，地球化学基线是判别地球表层物质中元素富集的重要参照基准，通过它可以计算元素的富集系统、地质累积指数，从而进行沉积物中元素分布的地球化学分析和环境污染的球化学分析。 相似文献
18.
铜陵—池州地区水系沉积物测量地球化学特征及找矿方向 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
在长江中下游铁、铜、金多金属成矿带1∶20万水系沉积物测量的基础上,对铜陵—池州地区的地球化学异常特征进行初步总结。通过对区内元素进行因子分析,得出多种与成矿有关的异常组合,利用成矿元素异常组合划分地球化学分区,进而圈定地球化学异常。通过对比成矿地质背景和地球化学条件,对铜陵地区典型矿床进行相似度分析,预测池州地区的找矿远景区。结果表明:综合区域上的地层、构造、岩浆岩和区域矿产等资料,对成矿元素异常组合进行地球化学分区是可行的,能有效反映致矿异常,突出矿化信息;根据样点相似度值的计算结果与典型矿床相似度图的耦合情况分析,池州市南部的梅街镇、青阳县东侧、铜山铜矿外围是区域上最为有利的铜多金属找矿远景区。 相似文献
19.
Surficial sediment samples were collected at 47 stations in Little Traverse Bay, Lake Michigan, to determine the geochemical
associations between certain rare earth elements (REE's) and trace metals. Each sample was analyzed for carbonate carbon,
organic carbon, grain size, and the elements Al, Ca, Ce, Co, Cr, Eu, Fe, Hf, La, and Mn. Two distinct Ce subpopulatins were
identified by graphical analysis, and an R-mode factor analysis was applied to data from the “enriched” Ce subpopulation (18
samples). Results show that the REE's and trace metals are primarily enriched in the authigenic phase of these sediments.
Partial correlation analyses indicate that the REE's are primarily associated with hydrous Fe oxides relative to organic matter
in this phase. The ratio of Ce/La concentrations increased markedly from the bay margins to the central trough of the bay,
indicating that Ce, similar to Fe, exhibits a variable oxidation state in the authigenic phase of nearshore fine-grained sediments.
The results of the present study suggest that the REE's and trace metals behave coherently in the authigenic phase of recent
lacustrine sediments, and the REE's may be useful as geochemical tracers to differentiate between trace metal enrichments
in surface sediments as a result of diagenesis and pollution loadings. 相似文献
20.
因子分析在水系沉积物测量地球化学分区中的应用探讨——以青海都兰地区为例 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
采用R型因子分析方法,对工作区水系沉积物测量所取得的数据进行了处理,提取具有代表性的6个因子,并制作了因子计量图,用以描述工作区中主要的元素组合类型,为地球化学综合异常类型的划分与圈定,提供了较好的依据。 相似文献