共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 31 毫秒
1.
考虑气相影响的降雨入渗过程分析研究 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3
降雨入渗过程是水在下渗的过程中驱替空气的水-气二相流过程,对这一过程的精确模拟一直是渗流计算的难点,目前的处理方法通常是忽略孔隙气压力变化的影响。根据多相流理论,结合质量守恒定律和达西定律,建立了水-气二相流模型,模型的求解采用积分有限差分法和Newton-Raphson迭代方法,通过变换主要变量来表达相态的变化,实现了水相、气相边界条件及降雨入渗边界的精确模拟。利用上述模型对一土柱试验进行模拟,从而验证了模型的正确性,研究了一均质土层的降雨入渗过程,得到了孔隙水压力、孔隙气压力和毛细压力及含水率的变化过程。根据入渗率与地表孔隙气压力的变化关系,验证了孔隙气压力的增大对入渗水流产生阻滞作用。在求解非稳定渗流问题中,考虑空气压力变化的影响是值得研究的。 相似文献
2.
In this paper, we present a numerical model for simulating two-phase (oil–water and air–water) incompressible and immiscible flow in porous media. The mathematical model which is based on a fractional flow formulation is formed of two nonlinear partial differential equations: a mean pressure equation and a water saturation equation. These two equations can be solved in a sequential manner. Two numerical methods are used to discretize the equations of the two-phase flow model: mixed hybrid finite elements are used to treat the pressure equation, h-based Richards' equation and the diffusion term in the saturation equation, the advection term in the saturation equation is treated with the discontinuous finite elements. We propose a better way to calculate the nonlinear coefficients contained in our equations on each element of the discretized domain. In heterogeneous porous media, the saturation becomes discontinuous at the interface between two porous media. We show in this paper how to use the capillary pressure–saturation relationship in order to handle the saturation jump in the mixed hybrid finite element method. The two-phase flow simulator is verified against analytical solutions for some flow problems treated by other authors. 相似文献
3.
库水位下降时的岸坡非稳定渗流问题研究 总被引：5，自引：1，他引：4
水位下降时岸坡的渗流是涉及土体由饱和向非饱和状态过渡的水-气二相流过程,目前相关研究成果大都假设孔隙气压力为0,忽略孔隙气的影响。根据水、空气的质量守恒定律和达西定律,结合多相流理论建立水-气二相流模型,采用高效的积分有限差分法求解,通过变换主要变量,实现饱和（单相）与非饱和（二相）的相互转变,并给出各种边界条件下合理的数学处理方法。通过Muskat渗流问题,验证了上述模型的正确性;并对某土质岸坡水位下降时的非稳定渗流问题进行分析,结果表明,岸坡的基质吸力小于浸润线以上的负孔隙水压力,在浸润线以上的很大区域为毛细管水饱和带,其土体饱和且基质吸力为0,这对边坡稳定十分不利,精确分析水位下降的边坡稳定问题时,孔隙气压力变化的影响值得研究。 相似文献
4.
利用时间分裂的错格伪谱法模拟地震波在基于改进BISQ模型的双相介质中的传播 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
改进的BISQ(Biot-Squirt)模型中各参数具有明确的物理意义和可实现性,在不引入特征喷流长度的情况下可将Biot流动和喷射流动两种力学机制有机地结合起来;而高精度的地震波场数值模拟技术是研究双相介质地震波传播规律的重要手段。本文从本构方程、动力学方程和动力学达西定律出发,推导了基于改进BISQ模型的双相各向同性介质的一阶速度--应力方程组;采用时间分裂错格伪谱法求该方程组的数值解,模拟半空间及层状双相介质中的地震波场。数值模拟结果表明:①与传统方法相比,时间分裂错格伪谱法波场数值模拟的精度更高,压制网格频散效果更好;②在非黏滞相界情况下,慢纵波呈传播性,而在黏滞相界情况下,慢纵波呈扩散性,以静态模式出现在震源位置;③双相介质分界面处,各类波型复杂的反射透射规律可由数值模拟结果清晰展现。 相似文献
5.
A theoretical formulation and a numerical solution method are proposed for the problem of the time dependent consolidation of an elasto-plastic soil subject to finite deformations. The soil is assumed to be a two-phase material with a skeleton which may yield according to a general yield criterion with plastic flow governed by a general flow law, and whose pore fluid flows according to Darcy's Law. Governing equations are cast in a rate form and constitutive laws are expressed in a frame indifferent manner. The method of analysis is illustrated by several examples of practical interest for both a soil with an elastic skeleton and a soil with an elasto-plastic skeleton which obeys a Morh–Coulomb yield criterion and a non-associated flow law. 相似文献
6.
Konstantin Brenner Mayya Groza Laurent Jeannin Roland Masson Jeanne Pellerin 《Computational Geosciences》2017,21(5-6):1075-1094
Fully implicit time-space discretizations applied to the two-phase Darcy flow problem leads to the systems of nonlinear equations, which are traditionally solved by some variant of Newton’s method. The efficiency of the resulting algorithms heavily depends on the choice of the primary unknowns since Newton’s method is not invariant with respect to a nonlinear change of variable. In this regard, the role of capillary pressure/saturation relation is paramount because the choice of primary unknowns is restricted by its shape. We propose an elegant mathematical framework for two-phase flow in heterogeneous porous media resulting in a family of formulations, which apply to general monotone capillary pressure/saturation relations and handle the saturation jumps at rocktype interfaces. The presented approach is applied to the hybrid dimensional model of two-phase water-gas Darcy flow in fractured porous media for which the fractures are modelled as interfaces of co-dimension one. The problem is discretized using an extension of vertex approximate gradient scheme. As for the phase pressure formulation, the discrete model requires only two unknowns by degree of freedom. 相似文献
7.
8.
A coupled surface/subsurface flow model accounting for air entrapment and air pressure counterflow 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
Jens-Olaf Delfs Wenqing Wang Thomas Kalbacher Ashok Kumar Singh Olaf Kolditz 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2013,69(2):395-414
This work introduces the soil air system into integrated hydrology by simulating the flow processes and interactions of surface runoff, soil moisture and air in the shallow subsurface. The numerical model is formulated as a coupled system of partial differential equations for hydrostatic (diffusive wave) shallow flow and two-phase flow in a porous medium. The simultaneous mass transfer between the soil, overland, and atmosphere compartments is achieved by upgrading a fully established leakance concept for overland-soil liquid exchange to an air exchange flux between soil and atmosphere. In a new algorithm, leakances operate as a valve for gas pressure in a liquid-covered porous medium facilitating the simulation of air out-break events through the land surface. General criteria are stated to guarantee stability in a sequential iterative coupling algorithm and, in addition, for leakances to control the mass exchange between compartments. A benchmark test, which is based on a classic experimental data set on infiltration excess (Horton) overland flow, identified a feedback mechanism between surface runoff and soil air pressures. Our study suggests that air compression in soils amplifies surface runoff during high precipitation at specific sites, particularly in near-stream areas. 相似文献
9.
Homogenization has proved its effectiveness as a method of upscaling for linear problems, as they occur in single-phase porous media flow for arbitrary heterogeneous rocks. Here we extend the classical homogenization approach to nonlinear problems by considering incompressible, immiscible two-phase porous media flow. The extensions have been based on the principle of preservation of form, stating that the mathematical form of the fine-scale equations should be preserved as much as possible on the coarse scale. This principle leads to the required extensions, while making the physics underlying homogenization transparent. The method is process-independent in a way that coarse-scale results obtained for a particular reservoir can be used in any simulation, irrespective of the scenario that is simulated. Homogenization is based on steady-state flow equations with periodic boundary conditions for the capillary pressure. The resulting equations are solved numerically by two complementary finite element methods. This makes it possible to assess a posteriori error bounds. 相似文献
10.
Coupled theory of mixtures for clayey soils 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
In this work, elasto-plastic coupled equations are formulated in order to describe the time-dependent deformation of saturated cohesive soils (two-phase state). Formulation of these equations is based on the principle of virtual work and the theory of mixtures for inelastic porous media. The theory of mixtures for a linear elastic porous skeleton was first developed by Biot (Theory of elasticity and consolidation for a porous anisotropic solid, Journal of Applied Physics, 1955, 26, 188–185). An extension of Biot's theory into a nonlinear inelastic media was performed by Prevost (Mechanics of continuous porous media, International Journal of Engineering Science, 1980, 18, 787–800). The saturated soil is considered as a mixture of two deformable media, the solid grains and the water. Each medium is regarded as a continuum and follows its own motion. The flow of pore-water through the voids is assumed to follow Darcy's law. The coupled equations are developed for large deformations with finite strains in an updated Lagrangian reference frame. The coupled behavior of the two-phase materials (soil-water state) is implemented in a finite element program. A modified Cam-clay model is adopted and implemented in the finite element program in order to describe the plastic behavior of clayey soils. Penetration of a piezocone penetrometer in soil is numerically simulated and implemented into a finite element program. The piezocone penetrometer is assumed to be infinitely stiff. The continuous penetration of the cone is simulated by applying an incremental vertical movement of the cone tip boundary. Results of the finite element numerical simulation are compared with experimental measurements conducted at Louisiana State University using the calibration chamber. The numerical simulation is carried out for two cases. In the first case, the interface friction between the soil and the piezocone penetrometer is neglected. In the second case, interface friction is assumed between the soil and the piezocone. The results of the numerical simulations are compared with experimental laboratory measurements. 相似文献
11.
A non-linear seismic response analysis method for 2-D saturated soil–structure system with an absorbing boundary is presented. According to the 3-D strain space multimechanism model for the cyclic mobility of sandy soil, a constitutive expression for the plane strain condition is first given. Next, based on Biot's two-phase mixture theory, the finite element equations of motion for a saturated soil–structure system with an absorbing boundary during earthquake loadings are derived. A simulation of the shaking table test is performed by applying the proposed constitutive model. The effectiveness of the absorbing boundary is examined for the 2-D non-linear finite element models subjected to random inputs. Finally, a numerical seismic response analysis for a typical saturated soil–structure system is performed as an application of the proposed method. 相似文献
12.
Soil flow and induced air blasts are of great harm to humanity, and historically they have caused a lot of damage to infrastructure.
However, these phenomena cannot be described by traditional analog modeling methods that limit their use in disaster prevention
efforts. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) is an applied technique commonly used in a range of fields including the chemical
industry, and aircraft and automobile manufacturing, but little is reported on the use of this method to simulate flowing
soil in geotechnical engineering applications. The CFD method can effectively make up for the deficiency of normal calculation
methods in the analysis of soil flow and air blasts. This paper uses the FLUENT (version 6.3) CFD calculation software to
simulate the processes of soil flow and induced air blast changes during soil flow with an Eulerian air–soil two-phase model
included in a standard k-ε turbulence model. Velocity vectors of air blasts at different times during soil flow are obtained, and the characteristics
of turbulent flow can be found based on the velocity vectors. The numerical simulation techniques adopted in this paper captured
precise configurations of soil flow. The results show that the CFD method is especially suitable for simulating the process
of soil flow; hazard assessments can be implemented, and the performance of structures involved with disaster prevention can
be improved based on the numerical simulation of changing air blasts. 相似文献
13.
多孔介质中毛细压力、饱和度和相对渗透率的确定方法 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
目前石油溢出或者地下储油罐泄漏等原因引起的土壤和地下水非水相流体（NAPLs）污染问题越来越引起人们的关注，由NAPLs、水和气所组成的两相或三相系统中的多相流问题亦是当前的研究热点。其中毛细压力（h），饱和度（S）和相对渗透率（k）是多孔介质多相流研究中的三个重要参数，在多相流室内试验研究中是主要的物理监测量，而且三者之间基本关系式的确定是多相流模拟时进行流动控制方程求解的前提条件。本文从室内试验和模型关系两个方面综述了土壤中NAPLs、水和气所组成的多相流系统中毛细压力、饱和度和相对渗透率以及它们之间相关关系的确定方法。 相似文献
14.
A rigorous finite volume model to simulate subaerial and submarine landslide-generated waves 总被引：5，自引：5，他引：0
This paper presents a new landslide-generated wave (LGW) model based on incompressible Euler equations with Savage-Hutter assumptions. A two-layer model is developed including a layer of granular-type flow beneath a layer of an inviscid fluid. Landslide is modeled as a two-phase Coulomb mixture. A well-balanced second-order finite volume formulation is applied to solve the model equations. Wet/dry transitions are treated properly using a modified non-linear method. The numerical model is validated using two sets of experimental data on subaerial and submarine LGWs. Impulsive wave characteristics and landslide deformations are estimated with a computational error less than 5 %. Then, the model is applied to investigate the effects of landslide deformations on water surface fluctuations in comparison with a simpler model considering a rigid landslide. The model results confirm the importance of both rheological behavior and two-phase nature of landslide in proper estimation of generated wave properties and formation patterns. Rigid slide modeling often overestimates the characteristics of induced waves. With a proper rheological model for landslide, the numerical prediction of LGWs gets more than 30 % closer to experimental measurements. Single-phase landslide results in relative errors up to about 30 % for maximum positive and about 70 % for maximum negative wave amplitudes. Two-phase constitutive structure of landslide has also strong effects on landslide deformations, velocities, elongations, and traveling distances. The complex behaviors of landslide and LGW of the experimental data are analyzed and described with the aid of the robust and accurate finite volume model. This can provide benchmark data for testing other numerical methods and models. 相似文献
15.
Richards方程在非饱和渗流模拟及其他相关领域应用广泛。在数值求解过程中,可以采用有限差分方法进行数值离散并迭代求解,为了获得较可靠的数值解,常规的均匀网格空间步长往往是较小的。在一些不利数值条件下,如入渗于干燥土壤,迭代计算费时甚至精度也不能得到很好改善。因此,文章提出Chebyshev空间网格改进方法,结合有限差分方法对Richards方程进行数值离散以获得线性方程组,并通过经典的Picard迭代方法进行迭代求解线性方程组以得到Richards方程的数值解。通过均质土和分层土2个不利情况下的非饱和渗流算例,又结合模型解析解和软件Hydrus-1D,对比研究了改进网格方法与均匀网格方法获得数值解的精度。结果表明,提出的Chebyshev网格方法相较于传统的均匀网格,可以在较少的节点数下获得较高的数值精度,又具有较小的计算开销,有较好的应用前景。 相似文献
16.
水流在非饱和土体中的入渗过程实质上是水在下渗的过程中驱替空气的两相流问题。为揭示非饱和花岗岩残积土水-气两相驱替动态渗流机理,选取福州某地原状花岗岩残积土作为研究对象,基于工业CT扫描图像与Level Set方法,研究了原状土样两相驱替的动态特征。结果表明:对于细观尺度水-气两相驱替模拟,Level Set法能很好地捕捉两种不混溶流体间的界面位置;水-气两相驱替过程存在大孔隙优先流特征,且“绕流”现象一般易于出现在孔隙成圆度较高处;两相渗流速度主要受孔道迂回度控制,笔直、较宽孔道,渗流速度相对较高,同时存在明显的“优势通道”,且随渗流时间增大以先急后缓的特征呈正相关变化,最大增速率为 10.77%,最小仅 1.90%;孔道横截面速度大小分布与孔隙结构有关,“回流”和“绕流”现象会使驱替速度骤降,降低幅度可达21.62%;驱替阻力最大出现在孔壁处,孔道越窄,阻力越大;驱替效率与驱替压差成正比关系,且初期加压增速效果显著,可达25.49%,后期仅为1.47%。该研究成果可丰富降雨型滑坡理论基础并预防灾害产生,具有重要的理论价值及工程意义。 相似文献
17.
In this work, we measure the performance of the fixed stress split algorithm for the immiscible water-oil flow coupled with linear poromechanics. The two-phase flow equations are solved on general hexahedral elements using the multipoint flux mixed finite element method whereas the poromechanics equations are discretized using the conforming Galerkin method. We introduce a rigorous calculation of the update in poroelastic properties during the iterative solution of the coupled system equations. The effects of the coupling parameter on the performance of the fixed stress algorithm is demonstrated in two field studies: the Frio oil reservoir and the Cranfield injection site.
相似文献18.
非饱和带水气二相渗流动力学模型 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
非饱和带地下水运动实质上是一个水气二相渗流过程。本文以多相渗流理论为基础,从水气二相渗流的连续性方程和达西定律出发,推导了非饱和带水气二相渗流的耦合动力学模型,讨论了模型的IMPES和全隐式联立求解方法的原理和步骤,认为IMPES求解方法由于达西系数项的处理,饱和度的计算均采用显式,因此该解法具有稳定性差、精度低且要求计算时间步长小的局限性;而全隐式联立求解方法是联立求解气相、水相方程,同时求出压力和饱和度值,因此压力和饱和度值都是隐式求出,具有较高精度,且无条件稳定,应是今后模型求解的重点研究内容 相似文献
19.
粗糙裂隙水、气两相流相对渗透系数是岩体工程多相渗流以及水力耦合分析的重要参数。从粗糙裂隙的细观结构出发，基于毛细吸持理论和立方定理，提出了粗糙裂隙水、气两相流相对渗透系数模型。通过与具有不同空间分布的粗糙裂隙水、气两相流试验数据对比分析，验证了模型的准确性。为进一步验证理论模型对不同粗糙程度裂隙的适用性，基于SRAM与Invasion Percolation模型，提出了粗糙裂隙的开度分布生成以及水、气两相流数值分析方法，计算结果表明理论模型与数值数据基本吻合一致，且优于X模型、V-C模型以及Corey模型。 相似文献
20.
A three-dimensional, three-phase numerical model is presented for simulating the movement of immiscible fluids, including
nonaqueous-phase liquids (NAPLs), through porous media. The model is designed to simulate soil flume experiments and for practical
application to a wide variety of contamination scenarios involving light or dense NAPLs in heterogeneous subsurface systems.
The model is derived for the three-phase flow of water, NAPL, and air in porous media. The basic governing equations are based
upon the mass conservation of the constitutents within the phases. The descretization chosen to transform the governing equations
into the approximating equations, although logically regular, is very general. The approximating equations are a set of simultaneous
coupled nonlinear equations which are solved by the Newton-Raphson method. The linear system solutions needed for the Newton-Raphson
method are obtained using a matrix of preconditioner/accelerator iterative methods.
Because of the special way the governing equations are implemented, the model is capable of simulating many of the phenomena
considered necessary for the sucessful simulation of field problems including entry pressure phenomena, entrapment, and preferential
flow paths. The model is verified by comparing it with several exact analytic test solutions and three soil flume experiments
involving the introduction and movement of light nonaqueous-phase liquid (LNAPL) or dense nonaqueous-phase liquid (DNAPL)
in heterogeneous sand containing a watertable.
This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献