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1.
The aim of this study is to assess the impact of sensor size and resolution of different digital camera sensors upon the accuracy and precision of three dimensional data derived by photogrammetry. Kodak DC40, DCS420 and DCS460 digital cameras were used to produce digital images of retroreflective targets in a 4 m three dimensional test field. The image locations of the targeted points were automatically measured using an off the shelf image processing software package. Two different sub-pixel measurement approaches were examined: centre of gravity and weighted mean. From the automated sub-pixel measurement of the targeted points, results indicate that the high resolution DCS460 camera produces optimum results using either the weighted mean or centre of gravity approaches. Although this was perhaps expected, the far lower resolution DC40 camera performed better than was originally anticipated, suggesting potential for the cheaper DC40 for many applications. 相似文献
2.
Jim H. Chandler Tom Buffin-Bélanger Steve Rice Ian Reid David J. Graham 《The Photogrammetric Record》2003,18(103):209-223
Digital photogrammetry has been used to develop and test an artificial river bed moulding and casting system, which allows the pebbles within a coarse-grain river bed to be recreated for hydraulic research in a laboratory flow channel or flume. Imagery of both the original streambed and the cast facsimile was acquired using a non-metric Kodak DCS460 digital camera and digital elevation models and orthophotographs were derived and compared to assess the accuracy of the moulding and casting system. These comparative tests proved to be critical in modifying and developing the system.
Additional imagery was obtained in the field using a non-metric Olympus C3030 'compact' digital camera to assess whether far cheaper camera technology could deliver data appropriate for such comparative examinations. Internal calibration parameter sets and data that were generated were compared with data obtained by the non-metric Kodak DCS460. These tests demonstrate that digital sensors built around high-quality 35 mm professional camera bodies and lenses are required for comparative examinations and for similar system development. 相似文献
Additional imagery was obtained in the field using a non-metric Olympus C3030 'compact' digital camera to assess whether far cheaper camera technology could deliver data appropriate for such comparative examinations. Internal calibration parameter sets and data that were generated were compared with data obtained by the non-metric Kodak DCS460. These tests demonstrate that digital sensors built around high-quality 35 mm professional camera bodies and lenses are required for comparative examinations and for similar system development. 相似文献
3.
Jim H. Chandler Koji Shiono Ponnambalam Rameshwaren & Stuart N. Lane 《The Photogrammetric Record》2001,17(97):39-61
A critical problem in hydraulics research is accurate measurement of fluvially worked sediments, both in the field and in scaled representations of field situations in laboratory flumes. Such measurement must provide information on individual grain characteristics, and their organisation into structures referred to as bedforms. Existing measurement approaches are based upon mechanical or laser profiling devices, which are both expensive and take considerable time to acquire data, particularly where information is required at very high densities. This paper demonstrates how conventional automated terrain model extraction software, combined with image acquisition using a Kodak DCS460 digital camera, has been effective in generating digital elevation models of complex bed morphology. This has reduced time spent collecting data in the flume and has allowed data collection at much higher spatial and temporal densities. Application of the method is illustrated by research carried out at Hydraulics Research Wallingford. Issues discussed include configuration of photographs and control coordinates; appropriate camera calibration methods; stability of inner orientation of the Kodak DCS460; and accuracies obtained. Comparisons with independent check data reveal that accuracies of ±2.5mm have been achieved using a camera-to-object distance of 4.2 m. 相似文献
4.
相机内参数的标定受标定环境、标定物规格、标定相片数量等诸多难以进行理论分析的因素影响,导致在实际工程应用中,相机内参数标定的评估存在精度不确定性问题。基于数学统计量设计了相机内参数标定精度评估指标,针对标定相片数量和标定物距对相机标定精度的影响进行研究,并对两种典型相机——工业相机和数码相机,进行内参数标定实测试验及分析。结果表明,当标定参数值达到收敛时,相片收敛数量与标定物距成正比关系;与像主点标定相比,焦距的标定收敛效率更高,达到收敛所需的相片数量更少,但随着标定物距增大,两者的差异逐渐缩小。内参数标定精度的评估指标为相机内标定算法的改进及操作流程提供评估手段,为实际标定工作提供参考和借鉴。 相似文献
5.
The Principal Point and CCD Cameras 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
The principal point has long been regarded as one of the fundamental parameters in camera calibration. In the age of film based aerial and large format terrestrial cameras, the principal point could be located by a variety of techniques with a certainty of ±10 mm (Carman and Brown, 1961) and this was considered sufficient. However, aerial cameras were precision, purpose built, expensive pieces of equipment where the assembly was painstaking and the location of the principal point measured to a known tolerance. In the digital era, photogrammetrists, and many others, are using cameras which have not been specifically designed or built for photogrammetry. For these cameras there is no requirement for the manufacturers to position the lens in a pre-defined location relative to the image sensing plane or for the lens manufacturer to align the lens elements precisely. In fact, deviations from the centre of the sensor can be a considerable percentage of the extent of the sensor (up to 10 per cent for some zoom lenses (Burner, 1995)). This paper discusses the development of methods of obtaining the location of the principal point, considers the relationship between the principal point and other parameters in the functional model, and shows how the location of this point can be estimated with and without recourse to autocollimation methods. 相似文献
6.
This paper explores the potential of a digital camera to produce multiple images suitable for plotting. The objective was to build a three dimensional database by linking triangulated images from a Kodak DCS420 digital camera with a computer aided measurement system. The system then supplied X, Y, Z data from x, y image co-ordinates captured off two or more images. Relative accuracy in object space was around 1;50 000. 相似文献
7.
Still video cameras are easy to handle, portable, digital image acquisition devices for close range photogrammetry. They allow fast object recording without being connected to a computer. As an example of the new camera type, the high resolution Kodak DCS200 is presented in this paper, combined with the DPA digital photogrammetric station used for image measurement and object reconstruction. The performance of this three dimensional measurement system is illustrated by calibration results as well as applications to high precision dimensional inspection in industry. 相似文献
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轻小型组合宽角低空相机检校技术研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
轻小型组合宽角低空相机由四个非量测的CCD面阵相机组合而成,其内方位元素未知,并且相机畸变差较大.而无人机航空摄影测量作业对CCD相机的光学畸变参数有较高的要求,因为参数的一个像素的误差常常会导致地面几米甚至数十米的误差,因此对组合相机进行高精度检校是无人机航空摄影测量作业的关键步骤.本文采用多片空间后方交会方法在室外... 相似文献
10.
Metric Exploitation of still Video Imagery 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
The development of still video CCD cameras with digital image storage has made feasible the concept of offline, single sensor vision metrology. This paper reports on practical evaluations of such a system for dimensional inspection of aircraft tooling and for structural monitoring for large scale engineering. A further application of still video technology for low altitude aerial mapping is also reported. In each case a Kodak DCS200 camera has been employed for the photography in order to take advantage of the relatively high sensor resolution and adequate on-board image storage capacity. Aspects of the measurement operations, which yielded object space accuracies to 1:80 000 in the industrial measurement projects, are discussed and the results analysed. 相似文献
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摄影测量因其机动性好、时效性高、目的性强、相对投入较低等优点成为获取地面信息的主要途径之一,具有广泛的应用。给出了利用两台普通CCD数码相机进行校差摄影测量获取的高精度定位结果的原理。将两台CCD数码相机相互垂直地安放在摄影装置上,两台相机同时对坐标已知的标志点进行摄影,综合利用摄影装置与标志点形成的角度观测量与所在区域的高程库信息,解算出摄影装置的高精度坐标。实验结果表明,校差摄影定位与实际的全站仪定位结果相比较,差值在2 cm左右。 相似文献
13.
Practical Influences of Geometric and Radiometric Image Quality Provided By Different Digital Camera Systems 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Imaging systems founded on current digital camera technology are finding widespread use in high precision measurement applications. A single digital CCD camera, or an array of such cameras, equipped with ring lighting equipment is commonly used to acquire imagery of high contrast retroreflective targets placed on the object at discrete locations to signalize points of interest. The precise and accurate measurement of each imaged target location is a fundamental requirement if suitable measurement tolerances are to be obtained. Whilst such systems are undoubtedly capable of producing excellent results, the practical effects of target image quality on the photogrammetric measurement process is in need of careful consideration. This paper revisits some fundamentals of the optical imaging of retrotargets and investigates some abilities of a range of digital camera systems to provide images of retrotargets that are appropriate to the measurement process. Some experimental results are presented including the imaging of planar arrays of differing sized retrotargets at differing angles and exposures and a series of network analyses in which the level of target image intensity has been varied systematically. 相似文献
14.
This paper discusses the work carried out to obtain stereoscopic "photography" from airborne platforms with a Kodak DCS200 digital camera, as part of an investigation into the suitability of current digital camera technology for use in air survey. Details of the work, from the initial test flight in a Cessna light aircraft through to tests utilizing a Thruster microlight platform, are documented. The paper concludes with a summary of the present shortcomings in obtaining aerial photography for survey purposes with still video technology and discusses the future prospects. 相似文献
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The Development of Camera Calibration Methods and Models 总被引：18，自引：0，他引：18
Correction for image distortion in cameras has been an important topic for as long as users have wanted to faithfully reproduce or use observed information. Initially the main application was mapping. While this task continues today, other applications also require precise calibration of cameras, such as close range three dimensional measurement and many two dimensional measurement tasks. In the past, the cameras used were few in number and highly expensive whereas today a typical large industrial company will have many inexpensive cameras being used for highly important measurement tasks. Cameras are used more today than they ever were but the golden age of camera calibration for aerial mapping is now well in the past. This paper considers some of the key developments and attempts to put them into perspective. In particular the driving forces behind each improvement have been highlighted. 相似文献
17.
The Z/I Imaging Digital Camera System 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Market needs for airborne and spaceborne imagery used in photogrammetry and GIS applications are changing. Fundamental changes in sensors, platforms and applications are currently taking place. Most recently, new high resolution spaceborne sensors have become available. Besides classical photogrammetry, new thematic applications will drive the future image market. Savings in cost and time, together with the need for higher and reproducible radiometric resolution or spectral information will push forward the change from analogue to digital imagery. High resolution satellites will compete with airborne film-based photography and digital camera systems.
With the availability of a digital airborne camera, it is possible to completely close the digital chain from image acquisition to exploitation and data distribution. The key decision regarding the camera design in this case is whether a linear or area array sensor should be used. In view of the high geometric accuracy requirements in photogrammetry, Z/I Imaging has focused development on a digital camera based on an area sensor. An essential aspect of this decision was not only the aerial camera system, but also the entire photogrammetric process to the finished photographic or mapping product. If this point of view is adopted, it becomes clear that the development of a digital camera involves more than simply exchanging film for silicon. Aspects such as data transfer rates, in-flight data processing and storage, image archiving, georeferencing, colour fusion, calibration and preprocessing have the same influence on the economic assessment of a digital camera system. This paper describes current development activities and application aspects of a digital modular airborne camera system. 相似文献
With the availability of a digital airborne camera, it is possible to completely close the digital chain from image acquisition to exploitation and data distribution. The key decision regarding the camera design in this case is whether a linear or area array sensor should be used. In view of the high geometric accuracy requirements in photogrammetry, Z/I Imaging has focused development on a digital camera based on an area sensor. An essential aspect of this decision was not only the aerial camera system, but also the entire photogrammetric process to the finished photographic or mapping product. If this point of view is adopted, it becomes clear that the development of a digital camera involves more than simply exchanging film for silicon. Aspects such as data transfer rates, in-flight data processing and storage, image archiving, georeferencing, colour fusion, calibration and preprocessing have the same influence on the economic assessment of a digital camera system. This paper describes current development activities and application aspects of a digital modular airborne camera system. 相似文献
18.
便携式消费级无人机相机标定有效性评估 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
本文针对近年来在各行业中广泛使用的便携式消费级无人机开展了相机标定有效性研究,分别通过室内标定场和后处理软件对相机进行标定和自标定,在对比无相机标定、飞前相机标定、飞后相机标定和自标定迭代校正等方法所得成图精度后,对不同相机标定方案的有效性进行了评估。结果表明：各种方案成图总体精度差别不大;飞前、飞后相机标定与无相机标定的成图精度相当;自标定迭代校正的成图精度略高于其他方案。可见采用航拍照片自标定参数迭代校正的方法更适合于飞行控制精度和成像系统稳定性都不高的便携式消费级无人机相机标定。 相似文献
19.
Jon P. Mills Danilo Schneider David M. Barber Paul G. Bryan 《The Photogrammetric Record》2003,18(103):193-208
This paper reports on an investigation into the suitability of the Kodak DCS Pro Back for use in close range photogrammetric measurement. The camera back, being used in conjunction with a medium-format non-metric camera, has been assessed with a view to using it for low- to medium-order photogrammetric work in architectural recording. Examinations centred upon the stability of the camera back with respect to the camera body and the effects of the removable infrared filter that is present immediately above the camera's focal plane. Ultimately the camera combination was deemed suitable for application in recording of this kind and is now in active use by the Metric Survey Team at English Heritage. 相似文献
20.
数码相机检校中的病态性及其解决措施 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
应用参数关系度量法、观测组关系度量法等系统病态性空间分析法 ,客观地分析出系统病态性的产生原因 ,并采取相应的措施减弱了系统的病态性 ,保证了数码相机检校结果的可靠性。 相似文献