共查询到19条相似文献，搜索用时 453 毫秒
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近年来高分辨率遥感技术快速发展,其在灾害研究领域的应用也越来越广。将遥感技术用于建筑群在地震灾害中的脆弱性和损失风险分析,不仅能保证建筑物类型和数量调查更新的时效性,而且有利于进行不同时期损失风险的对比分析,以便揭示震灾损失风险的变化规律。通过分析高分辨率建筑群的遥感影像特征,设计了一套提取建筑物属性信息(高度和面积)的方法,并通过实地调查验证了其可行性;将提取的建筑群属性信息与传统的震灾风险分析模型相结合,即可实现对研究区建筑群在地震灾害中的脆弱性和损失风险分析。以唐山市区和9个乡镇2009年的建筑物为研究对象,提取了它们的属性信息,在设定地震烈度情景下,分析了这些建筑物在地震灾害中的脆弱性和损失风险。 相似文献
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城市建构筑物地震损失预测研究 总被引：12，自引：0，他引：12
本文提出了预测城市建构筑物在不同烈度下地震灾害损失的简易方法。首先分析了影响城市建构筑物抗震能力的3个因素——抗震设防情况、建筑年代和结构类型;然后提出了建构筑物抗震能力指数的概念,并确定了将上述3因素综合成建构筑物抗震能力指数的方法;最后利用“九五”期间所做的大中城市的震害预测结果统计回归出房屋抗震能力指数与地震灾害损失——人员伤亡、经济损失和震后恢复时间的关系。由此可以得到建构筑物在不同烈度下地震灾害损失的简易计算方法。 相似文献
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《中国地震动参数区划图》(GB18306-2015)实施后,嘉兴市区抗震设防烈度由六度变为七度,大量老旧房屋结构是否能够满足相应的抗震设防目标值得研究.选取了嘉兴市区1980年代、1990年代、2000年代各一幢经过正规设计建造的典型砌体房屋,对三幢房屋进行了现场调查,获取结构相关参数,采用不同的方法对其抗震能力进行了分析.主要结论有:不同年代经过正规设计建造的三幢典型砌体结构,抗震能力差别显著;80年代和90年代砌体结构房屋,存在多方面抗震能力薄弱环节,不能满足"小震不坏,中震可修、大震不倒"的抗震设防目标;2000年以后典型砌体房屋,构造措施完整,使用年限较短,总体分析,抗震能力较好.此研究工作为嘉兴市地震灾害风险评估、风险降低等工作提供基础依据. 相似文献
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以往基于模态增量动力方法对公共建筑进行抗地震倒塌能力评估时是单纯地从总体角度进行考察的,其得到的结果较为粗糙,无法准确反映出公共建筑的抗地震倒塌能力,导致其经济效益较差。提出新的公共建筑结构抗地震倒塌能力优化评估方法以分析公共建筑整体的抗地震倒塌能力,总结出其与子结构以及构件三者间的关系,进而研究构件的损毁情况,以实现对建筑抗地震倒塌能力的整体评估。基于公共建筑的倒塌破坏区间,采用其结构抗震倒塌能力评估方法,对公共建筑结构的抗地震倒塌能力实施优化评估分析,得到其具体破坏指数,实现对其进行准确评估。实验结果说明,所提方法可准确描述公共建筑结构的抗地震倒塌能力,提高建筑结构抗地震倒塌能力和经济效益。 相似文献
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城市所处的地震危险性环境和城市建筑物的易损性是影响复杂网络建筑物强震环境下抗毁能力的关键因素。由于现阶段对建筑物抗震抗毁能力的评定仍存在一定困难,对建筑物震害程度测评只能通过强震之后建筑物受破坏的程度进行评估,且评估结果不够精准,因此提出基于复杂网络的建筑物抗震能力的评估方法。考虑到地震中的危险性因素,以地面峰值加速度为参数对强震环境下复杂网络建筑物抗毁性进行测评和分析,在此基础上提出对复杂网络下建筑物的防震抗毁能力进行评估的相对建筑物抗震性能指数,并结合建筑物抗震能力评估标准确定其抗震能力水平;再进行仿真实验加以测量,并结合震害经验,证实该方法的有效性。 相似文献
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Seismic damage evaluation in urban areas using the capacity spectrum method: Application to Barcelona 总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8
Alex H. Barbat Luis G. Pujades Nieves Lantada 《Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering》2008,28(10-11):851
Conceptual aspects related to seismic vulnerability, damage and risk evaluation are discussed first, together with a short review of the most widely used possibilities for seismic evaluation of structures. The capacity spectrum method and the way of obtaining seismic damage scenarios for urban areas starting from capacity and fragility curves are then discussed. The determination of capacity curves for buildings using non-linear structural analysis tools is then explained, together with a simplified expeditious procedure allowing the development of fragility curves. The seismic risk of the buildings of Barcelona, Spain, is analyzed in the paper, based on the application of the capacity spectrum method. The seismic hazard in the area of the city is described by means of the reduced 5% damped elastic response spectrum. The information on the buildings was obtained by collecting, arranging, improving and completing a broad database of the dwellings and current buildings. The buildings existing in Barcelona are mainly of two types: unreinforced masonry structures and reinforced concrete buildings with waffled-slab floors. The ArcView software was used to create a GIS tool for managing the collected information in order to develop seismic risk scenarios. This study shows that the vulnerability of the buildings is significant in Barcelona and, therefore, in spite of the low-to-moderate seismic hazard in the region, the expected seismic risk is considerable. 相似文献
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基于粤港澳大湾区地震灾害风险评估的初步成果,分析了湾区城市群地震环境、承灾体分布和场地特点,提出了两种确定地震输入的设定地震原则,即潜在震源区设定地震原则和最大风险设定地震原则,按照这两种原则可以更加准确地进行城市群地震灾害风险评估。在前人工作的基础上,提出了考虑场地条件影响的地震灾害风险表达式,探索了适合三维模拟非一致激励地震动输入的建筑物和生命线工程灾害风险评估方法,提出了建筑物和生命线工程灾害风险评估中考虑场地影响的思路,为客观地评估城市群地震灾害和损失风险提出了可参考的建议。 相似文献
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Seismic hazard levels lower than those for design of new buildings have been permitted for seismic evaluation and retrofit of existing buildings due to the relatively short remaining lifespans. The seismic hazard reduction enables costeffective seismic evaluation and retrofit of existing buildings with limited structural capacity. The current study proposes seismic hazard reduction factors for Korea, one of low to moderate seismicity regions. The seismic hazard reduction factors are based on equal probabilities of non-exceedance within different remaining building lifespans. A validation procedure is proposed to investigate equality of seismic risk in terms of ductility-based limit states using seismic fragility assessment of nonlinear SDOF systems, of which retrofit demands are determined by the displacement coefficient method of ASCE 41-13 for different target remaining building lifespans and corresponding reduced design earthquakes. Validation result shows that the use of seismic hazard reduction factors can be permitted in conjunction with appropriate lower bounds of the remaining building lifespans. 相似文献
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本文主要研究如何通过合理设计来提高高层钢结构的整体抗震能力。首先,给出了高层钢结构的非线性计算模型;其次,建立了高层钢结构在强地震动作用下的倒塌失效模式的极限状态判别准则;然后,通过模态pushover分析,研究了高层钢结构在水平地震作用下的损伤规律;最后,重点研究了高层钢结构的整体抗震能力的提高方法,提出了均匀损伤的设计方法,该方法通过消除结构的薄弱层,来达到提高高层钢结构的整体抗震能力的目的。通过对两栋20层的高层钢框架结构进行极限时程分析和极限pushover分析,验证了文中提出的均匀损伤的设计方法的可行性。本文的工作可为高层钢结构的抗地震倒塌设计提供参考依据。 相似文献
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为了提高铁路房屋的抗震能力,分析地震动竖向分量对铁路房屋的地震响应性能,提出基于荷载—变形关系联合评估的地震动竖向分量对铁路房屋的地震响应评估模型。构建地震动竖向分量的力学响应评估模型,识别铁路房屋的地震屈服响应参数,采用荷载—变形关系和极限荷载结合的方法进行铁路房屋的地震屈服响应应力评估,分析地震动竖向分量对铁路房屋的响应。建立动量平衡方程和弯矩平衡方程,构建铁路房屋的地震响应的三阶段荷载—变形模式,实现地震动竖向分量对铁路房屋的地震响应性能评估模型的优化设计。测试结果表明,采用该模型能有效分析地震动竖向分量对铁路房屋的地震响应性能影响,Simulink仿真结果和有限元模拟结果的准确性较高,力学参数辨识性能优越,计算结果准确可靠。 相似文献
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Performance-based methodology for assessing seismic vulnerability and capacity of buildings 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
This paper presents a performance-based methodology for the assessment of seismic vulnerability and capacity of buildings. The vulnerability assessment methodology is based on the HAZUS methodology and the improved capacity- demand-diagram method. The spectral displacement (Sd) of performance points on a capacity curve is used to estimate the damage level of a building. The relationship between Sd and peak ground acceleration (PGA) is established, and then a new vulnerability function is expressed in terms of PGA. Furthermore, the expected value of the seismic capacity index (SCev) is provided to estimate the seismic capacity of buildings based on the probability distribution of damage levels and the corresponding seismic capacity index. The results indicate that the proposed vulnerability methodology is able to assess seismic damage of a large number of building stock directly and quickly following an earthquake. The SCev provides an effective index to measure the seismic capacity of buildings and illustrate the relationship between the seismic capacity of buildings and seismic action. The estimated result is compared with damage surveys of the cities of Dujiangyan and Jiangyou in the M8.0 Wenchuan earthquake, revealing that the methodology is acceptable for seismic risk assessment and decision making. The primary reasons for discrepancies between the estimated results and the damage surveys are discussed. 相似文献
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Ground-shaking scenarios and urban risk evaluation of Barcelona using the Risk-UE capacity spectrum based method 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
J. Irizarry N. Lantada L.G. Pujades A.H. Barbat X. Goula T. Susagna A. Roca 《Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering》2011,9(2):441-466
The Capacity Spectrum Based Method developed in the framework of the European project Risk-UE has been applied to evaluate
the seismic risk for the city of Barcelona, Spain. Accordingly, four damage states are defined for the buildings, the action
is expressed in terms of spectral values and the seismic quality of the buildings, that is, their vulnerability, is evaluated
by means of capacity spectra. The probabilities of the damage states are obtained considering a lognormal probability distribution.
The most relevant seismic risk evaluation results obtained for Barcelona, Spain, are given in the article as scenarios of
expected losses. 相似文献