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1.
The power spectra of time variations in the electric field strength in the near-Earth’s atmosphere and in the geomagnetic field horizontal component, which were simultaneously observed at the Paratunka observatory (φ = 52°58.3′ N; λ = 158°14.9′ E) in September 1999, have been studied. The periods of the day (including sunrise, sunset, and night) have been considered. It has been indicated that oscillations with periods T ～ 2.0–2.5 h are present in the power spectra of these parameters during the day. The intensity of these oscillations increases noticeably and the oscillations in the band of periods T < 1 h increase simultaneously in the field strength power spectra at sunrise. The variations in the argument of the cross-spectrum of these parameters indicated that oscillations in the 2.0–2.5 h period band are caused by sources that are located above the ionospheric dynamo region; at the same time, oscillations in the 0.5–1 h period band are caused by sources in the lower atmosphere. A possible mechanism by which these oscillations are generated, related to the vortex motion of convective cells that originate at sunrise in the boundary atmospheric layer, is proposed. 相似文献
2.
S. E. Smirnov 《Geomagnetism and Aeronomy》2013,53(4):515-521
Diurnal variations in the electric field strength, electrical conductivity, and temperature in the near-Earth atmosphere under “fair-weather” conditions at the Paratunka observatory (Kamchatka) are considered. It is shown that the morning maximum in the electric field diurnal behavior is caused by air convection in the near-surface layer. The difference in the atmospheric temperatures near the Earth’s surface and at an altitude of 25 m is chosen as a measure of the convective air flow. A high correlation of the values of the temperature difference for these altitudes with the diurnal behavior of the electric field strength is obtained. 相似文献
3.
N. G. Kleimenova O. V. Kozyreva M. Kubicki S. Michnowski 《Geomagnetism and Aeronomy》2010,50(1):48-57
The effects of morning magnetospheric substorms in the variations in near-Earth atmospheric electricity according to the observations
of the electric field vertical component (E
z
), at Hornsund polar observatory (Spitsbergen). The E
z, data, obtained under the conditions of fair weather (i.e., in the absence of a strong wind, precipitation, and fog), are
analyzed. An analysis of the observations indicated that the development of a magnetospheric substorm in the Earth’s morning
sector is as a rule accompanied by positive deviations in E
z, independently of the Hornsund location: in the polar cap or at its boundary. In all considered events, Hornsund was located
near the center of the morning convection vortex. In the evening sector, when Hornsund fell in the region of evening convection
vortex, the development of a geomagnetic substorm was accompanied by negative deviations in E
z., It has been concluded that the variations in the atmospheric electric field E
z), at polar latitudes, observed during the development of magnetospheric substorms, result from the penetration of electric
fields of polar ionospheric convection (which are intensified during a substorm) to the Earth’s surface. 相似文献
4.
N. G. Kleimenova O. V. Kozyreva S. Michnowski M. Kubicki 《Geomagnetism and Aeronomy》2008,48(5):622-630
The observations of the variations in the vertical component of the atmospheric electric field (E z ) at Swider midlatitude Poland observatory (geomagnetic latitude 47.8°) under the conditions of fair weather during 14 magnetic storms have been analyzed. The effect of the magnetic storm main phase in the daytime midlatitude variations in E z in the absence of local geomagnetic disturbances has been detected for the first time. Considerable (～100–300 V m?1) decreases in the electric field strength (E z ) at Swider observatory were observed in daytime simultaneously with the substorm onset in the nighttime sector of auroral latitudes (College observatory). The detected effects indicate that an intensification of the interplanetary electric field during the magnetic storm main phase, the development of magnetospheric substorms, and precipitation of energetic electrons into the nighttime auroral ionosphere can result in considerable disturbances in the midlatitude atmospheric electric field. 相似文献
5.
The distribution of the electric potential, generated by the magnetospheric field-aligned currents flowing along the auroral oval and in the dayside cusp region at the upper atmospheric boundary in the polar ionosphere, is calculated. The obtained electric potential distributions are used to calculate the electric field strength near the Earth’s surface. The results of the model calculations are in good agreement with the electric field measurements at Vostok Antarctic station. It has been indicated that large-scale magnetospheric fieldaligned currents, related to IMF variations, can affect variations in the electric field strength in the polar regions via changes in the electric potential in the polar ionosphere, associated with these currents. 相似文献
6.
G. A. Mikhailova Yu. M. Mikhailov O. V. Kapustina G. I. Druzhin S. E. Smirnov 《Geomagnetism and Aeronomy》2009,49(5):610-623
Spectral analysis of the diurnal variations in the quasi-static electric field in the near-Earth atmosphere and VLF atmospheric radio noise at a frequency of 5.3 kHz, simultaneously observed in September–October 1999 at Paratunka observatory of the Institute of Cosmophysical Research and Radiowave Propagation, has been performed. The variations in the intensities of the spectral power density and the period durations of the variations in the T ～ 8–24 h band and higher as functions of geomagnetic and seismic activities have been studied. 相似文献
7.
Data on observations of acoustic gravity waves and variations in the electric field strength in the surface layer of the atmosphere are presented. Analysis of the obtained data shows that synchronous variations in the pressure and electric field strength appear with the passage of a weather front, solar terminator, and in some other cases. It is seen that the amplitude of electric field perturbations is approximately proportional to the amplitude of variation in the pressure. A possible mechanism of generating electric field perturbations during the passage of microbaroms has been considered. 相似文献
8.
We have estimated the variations in the atmospheric electrostatic field (AEF, E
Z(0)) strength in the surface layer caused by variations in conductivity due to radon influences, cosmic ray intensity, changes
in the balance of light and heavy ions during sunset and sunrise, and under the effect of the ionospheric electric current
potential on the AEF potential. It is shown that the air conductivity varies due to ionization under the effect of radon emanations
and is determined by the radon exhalation and turbulent diffusion of the surface air layer, while the cosmic ray intensity
affects the surface air conductivity through changes in the ion recombination conditions. A decrease in the air conductivity
due to a decrease in the cosmic ray intensity (Forbush decrease) also decreases E
Z(0), while a decrease in radon fluxes results in an increase in E
Z(0). We have estimated the effect of illumination conditions on the AEF due to variations in the relative concentration of heavy
and light ions under the influence of photodetachment and photoattachment processes. The work has been done on the basis of
data received from the Paratunka observatory (Kamchatka). 相似文献
9.
P. V. Strekalova Yu. A. Nagovitsyn A. Riehokainen V. V. Smirnova 《Geomagnetism and Aeronomy》2016,56(8):1052-1059
Thirty small-scale structures in the solar atmosphere, i.e., facula nodes at ±(20°–46°) latitudes, have been studied in order to analyze quasi-periodic variations in the magnetic field. SDO/HMI magnetograms have been used for this purpose. Long-period variations in the magnetic field strength of the considered objects in the 60–280 min range have been revealed as a result of data processing. It has been shown that there are no dependences between the magnetic field and period, nor between the magnetic field and object area. It has been assumed that the discovered variations are not natural oscillations of the magnetic field strength. 相似文献
10.
A mathematical model has been proposed for describing quasi-stationary atmospheric electric fields with approximate, but fairly
accurate allowance for ionospheric conductivity. It is shown that some well-known models of electric field penetration from
the Earth into the ionosphere have been deemed inadequate, though they work well in the atmosphere below 50 km. In these models,
the arbitrarily specified boundary condition in the upper boundary of the atmosphere omits the existing good conductor or
adds not existent conductor. The maximum possible field in our model is far less than in models where ionospheric conductivity
is not taken into account, but vastly larger than in models based on the approximation with infinite Pedersen conductivity
in the upper ionosphere. 相似文献
11.
The effects of the geomagnetic storms of November 8 and 10, 2004, in variations in the strength and power spectra of the electric field in the near-Earth’s atmosphere in Kamchatka were studied, together with the meteorological and geophysical phenomena observed simultaneously. A sequence of strong solar flares was shown to cause an anomalous increase in air temperature and humidity. This resulted in the excitation of anomalously strong thunderstorm processes in the atmosphere during the storm of November 8 and made it impossible to distinguish the effects associated with cosmic rays on this background. During the storm of November 10, on the background of weak variations in meteorological parameters, an increase in the strength and intensity of power spectra of the electric field on the day before the storm of November 10 was detected; it was followed by an attenuation of these parameters on the date of the storm. These effects were supposed to be associated with the action of cosmic rays on currents of the global electric circuit. It was shown that the influence of the Forbush effect of galactic cosmic rays in the power spectrum of the electric field first of all shows as the amplification of the component with the period T ～ 48 h; in variations in humidity, the effect shows as the amplification of the component with T ～ 24 h. Cause-and-effect relationships between variations in the electric field strength and the horizontal component of the geomagnetic field were shown to be absent both under the conditions of “fair weather” and during the storm of November 10. A diurnal negative-difference atmospheric pressure was detected on the second day after the geomagnetic storms of November 8 and 10. 相似文献
12.
Fluctuations of short period in the atmospheric electric field were studied through the measurements of electric field and space charge density on the Mid-Pacific Ocean. The amplitude of fluctuation is about one third of the mean electric field, and the period mainly ranges from 2 to 5 min. The fluctuations are considered to be under the influence of spatial and temporal variation of space charge layer that possibly originates from the electrode effect above the sea surface. The unit of electrical irregularities in the atmosphere above the ocean has horizontal scale of the order of 1.5 km and indicates a tendency to become large as the wind speed increases. The vertical scale of space charge layer is estimated at several tens meters. 相似文献
13.
A. V. Frank-Kamenetsky O. A. Troshichev V. N. Morozov G. Burns R. Corney 《Geomagnetism and Aeronomy》2006,46(3):382-388
Since 1998, the gradient of the near-Earth atmospheric electric field potential (|Ez|) has been continuously registered at Vostok Antarctic station within the scope of the joint Russian-Australian project. The data of the continuous 10-day period of fine weather in April 1998 have been selected for the following analysis. The field |Ez| behavior at Vostok station was compared with a number of lightning strokes obtained from data of the ground-based network of electromagnetic measurements. It has been found out that the average hourly values of |Ez| evidently negatively correlate with the number of intense lightning strokes. The causes of these relations are discussed. The obtained results are interpreted based on a theory of global electric circuit. 相似文献
14.
G. A. Mikhailova Yu. M. Mikhailov O. V. Kapustina G. I. Druzhin S. E. Smirnov 《Geomagnetism and Aeronomy》2008,48(2):251-259
A spectral analysis of simultaneous diurnal variations in the E z component of the quasi-static electric field in the near-Earth atmosphere, VLF radio noise, and the horizontal component of the geomagnetic field, observed at Kamchatka in September 1999, has been performed. These geophysical parameters are indirectly used to study wave processes in the near-Earth atmosphere and in the ionospheric D and dynamo regions within the band of periods of internal gravity waves (T = 0.5?3.5 h). The correlation method in the frequency region is used to analyze the interrelation between the wave processes in these atmospheric regions. The power cross-spectra of various pairs of geophysical parameters have been studied depending on meteorological, seismic, and geomagnetic activities. It is shown that the oscillations in the power spectra in the T ～ 1–1.5 h band of periods are caused by the sources of internal gravity waves in the near-Earth atmosphere and by the remote sources above the dynamo region of the ionosphere within the T ～ 1.5–3 h band of periods. 相似文献
15.
O. I. Akhmetov 《Geomagnetism and Aeronomy》2009,49(5):664-669
The seasonal effect of the daily variations in the cosmic ray intensity on the conductivity of the Earth-high-conductivity layer column has been analyzed based on the observations of the cosmic ray intensity, atmospheric current, and electric field vertical component, performed from summer 2006 to spring 2007 at Apatity station. The method for correcting the measurements of the atmospheric current and electric field vertical component under complex tropospheric conditions by numerically simulating the spatial structure of the current and field lines in the observation region has been proposed. It has been indicated that cosmic rays are the main source of ions in the winter polar lower atmosphere and are responsible for the type of daily variations in the conductivity, whereas the daily variations in the atmospheric current more depends on the conductivity rather than on the vertical electric field. 相似文献
16.
S. V. Anisimov S. V. Galichenko K. V. Aphinogenov A. A. Prokhorchuk 《Izvestiya Physics of the Solid Earth》2018,54(5):764-774
The physical mechanisms determining the variability of the vertical profiles of electrical conductivity, space charge density, and electric field in the undisturbed midlatitude lower atmosphere are discussed. The influence of the global and local mesoscale processes on the variability of electrical conductivity and the main component of the atmospheric electric field is estimated. The sunrise effect is studied, estimates are obtained for the charge accumulation rate in the column of the lower atmosphere and the corresponding growth rate of the field strength close to the ground. It is shown that the increase in the average charge density is mainly due to the breakdown of the stable stratification of the atmospheric boundary layer and transformation of the vertical profile of electrical conductivity following the convective mixing of a radon and its daughter products. 相似文献
17.
V. V. Kopeikin 《Geomagnetism and Aeronomy》2011,51(5):676-680
It has been indicated that the electric field that exists above the Earth’s surface contains information about the structure
of underground inhomogeneities. Equations have been obtained and are used to illustrate the numerical calculations of the
electric field strength along the Earth’s surface and some types of underground objects. 相似文献
18.
本文利用秘鲁和印度地磁台站的观测数据,结合全球电离层-热层模型的模拟结果,研究了地磁场强度的减弱对赤道电激流的地方时和经度分布的影响.这对理解地球空间天气和行星演化具有重要的科学意义.结果 表明,当地磁场强度减弱一半时,东向电激流和风发电机电场的峰值时间均提前1h,而低层大气潮汐使峰值时间延后了1h.其主要原因是,随着... 相似文献
19.
L. P. Korsunova Yu. M. Mikhailov V. V. Khegai L. N. Leshchenko S. E. Smirnov V. V. Bogdanov 《Geomagnetism and Aeronomy》2010,50(7):920-926
We consider data obtained when the parameters of the ionospheric Es and F2 layers and the vertical gradient of the electric potential in the surface atmosphere were simultaneously measured
during the preparatory period of crustal earthquakes with M = 5.0–6.2 in the Kamchatka region. The appearance of anomalously high Es, accompanied by an increase in frequency parameters of the sporadic layer and the regular F2 layer, was detected on days
when possible earthquake precursors, as determined earlier, occurred in atmospheric electric fields. The presumed earthquake
precursors in the ionosphere are divided into two groups with different earthquake lead times ranging from several hours to
two weeks. Empirical dependences are presented that connect the lead time of an earthquake (from the moment of the appropriate
anomaly’s occurrence in the ionosphere or in the atmospheric electric field to the moment of the shock) and the epicentral
distance to the observation point with the earthquake magnitude. These dependences are different for the two groups of presumed
earthquake precursors, but they are close inside each group of possible precursors selected on the basis of quasistatic electric
field measurements and revealed in ionospheric parameter variations. 相似文献
20.
A. V. Frank-Kamenetskii A. L. Kotikov A. A. Kruglov G. B. Burns N. G. Kleimenova O. V. Kozyreva M. Kubitski A. Odzimek 《Geomagnetism and Aeronomy》2012,52(5):629-638
We have analyzed variations in the near-surface atmospheric electric field (Ez) normalized to their daily averages that were simultaneously observed in different high-latitude regions at moderate geomagnetic activity (Kp ∼ 3). The Ez data were measured under fair weather conditions at the Vostok Antarctic research station (Φ′ = −83.5°) in the southern polar cap and at the Hornsund Arctic observatory (Φ′ = 74.0°) on Svalbard close to the polar boundary of the auroral oval in the Northern Hemisphere. It is established that variations in the atmospheric electric field in the polar cap region at the Vostok station are controlled (the correlation coefficient R ∼ 0.7–0.9) by variations in the overhead ionospheric potential. The situation at the Hornsund observatory is more complicated. During intervals when Hornsund occurred below the westward electrojet, the correlation was typically positive with R ∼ 0.60–0.85; however, while this observatory was in the region of the eastern electrojet, the correlation could be negative with R ∼ 0.7–0.8. Normally, during such periods, the westward electrojet was detected polarwards of Hornsund while, according to the SuperDARN radar data, the observatory was located below the negative vortex of the polar ionospheric convection. 相似文献