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1.
A study was conducted to evaluate the effects of meat and bone meal (MBM) and poultry by-product meal (PBM) as the replacement
of fish meal in the diets on the growth performance, survival and apparent digestibility coefficients (ADC) of Litopenaeus vannamei. The basal diets were formulated with 22% fish meal and other ingredients which provided about 40% protein and 9% lipid in
the diet. The experimental diets included MBM or PBM to replace 0, 20%, 40%, 60% and 80% of total fish meal respectively.
All diets were iso-nitrogenous and isocaloric in gross terms. The results showed that there were no significant differences
(Pτ;0.05) in growth performance and ADC among the treatments fed with the diets in which 0–60% fish meal had been replaced with
MBM, while the percent weight gain (WG, %), body length gain (BLG, %) and ADC significantly decreased when the MBM was up
to 80% of the fish meal. There were no significant differences (Pτ;0.05) in growth performance and ADC among all the treatments fed with the diets in which 0–80% fish meal had been replaced
with PBM. 相似文献
2.
Serum immunoglobulin of the mandarin fish, Siniperca chuatsi with development of polyclonal antibody
Serum immunoglobulin from the mandarin fish, or the so-called Chinese perch,Siniperca chuatsi (Basilewsky), was successfully purified using affinity chromatography. Heavy and light chains were detected on electrophoresis
gel, with molecular weights being estimated at 72 and 29 kDa, respectively. The tetrameric IgM ofS. chuatsi was calculated to be 808 kDa. The rabbit polyclonal antisera against the purifed immunoglobulin were developed and tested
by Western blot analysis. The antisera reacted strongly with the heavy chains ofS. chuatsi immunoglobulin. Humoral immune responses of the mandarin fish can then be examined using the developed polyclonal antibody.
Project No. 30025035 supported by NSFC, State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology (2000FB02), and the Chinese
Academy of Sciences (KZ9511-B1-111). 相似文献
3.
British Antarctic Survey (BAS) data collected near the Antarctic Peninsula area were used in this 1988/1989 study on the length
frequency of three Antarctic fish species (Pleuragramma antarcticum, Electrona antarctica and Protomyctophum bolini) showing that the standard length (SL) ofP. Antarcticum ranged from 26.0 mm to 161.0 mm, that the 26.0 mm to 54.0 mm SL juveniles could be considered to be the age group 1 fish,
and that the SL ofE. antarctica ranged from 39.4 mm to 89.7 mm for the males and 48.0 mm to 118.0 mm for the females, which may contain at least 6 age groups.
This is more than previously thought.P. Bolini had 29.2 mm to 60.2 mm SL and complicated age composition. 相似文献
4.
The effects of natural fish oil,DHA oil and soybean lecithin in microparticulate diets on stress tolerance of larval gilthead seabream(Sparus aurata)were investigated after 15 days feeding trials.The tolerance of larval gilthead seabream to various stress factors such as exposure to air(lack of dissolved oxygen),changes in water temperature(low)and salinity(high) were determined.This study showed that microparticulate diet with natural fish oil and soybean lecithin was the most effective for in-creasing the tolerance of larval gilthead seabream to various stresses,and that microparticulate diet with natural fish oil and palmitic acid(16:0)was more effective than microparticulate diet with DHA oil and soybean lecithin. 相似文献
5.
The effect of dietary phosphorus on the growth and body components of juvenile Synechogobius hasta was determined. Different percentages of dietary phosphorus (0.63, 0.77, 0.93, 1.06, 1.22 and 1.36) were tested by feeding
the fish (body weight, 15.81 g ± 0.32 g; 20 individuals each group; 3 groups each percentage) at a surplus of 5%–10% above
satiation for 35 d. Dietary phosphorus did not significantly affect the specific growth rate, feed intake, feed conversion
ratio and protein efficiency rate. Nitrogen retention was found to be the highest in fish fed the diet containing 1.06% of
phosphorus; however, this was not significantly different from other diets. Fish fed the diet containing 0.93% of phosphorus
showed the highest phosphorus retention; similar phosphorus retention rates were found in fish fed the diets containing 0.77%
and 1.06% of phosphorus. Fish fed the diet containing the highest percentage of dietary phosphorus were found to contain the
least whole body lipid, lower than fish fed other diets (P<0.05). The protein content increased from 18.59% to 19.55% (although not significant) with the decrease of body lipid content
(P>0.05). The contents of the whole body ash, whole body phosphorus and vertebrae phosphorus increased with dietary phosphorus
percentage up to 1.06 (P<0.05), reaching a plateau after that. Dietary phosphorus did not significantly influence the muscle components (protein,
lipid and moisture). Condition factor and hepatosomatic index were the highest in fish fed the diet containing 0.63% of dietary
phosphorus; however, this was not significantly different from those of other diets. The second-order polynomial regression
of phosphorus retention against dietary phosphorus identified a breakpoint at 0.88% of dietary phosphorus. However, the dietary
requirement of phosphorus for maintaining maximum phosphorus storage determined by broken-line analysis of the contents of
whole body phosphorus, and ash and vertebrae phosphorus was 1.06% of the diet. 相似文献
6.
Self-feeding device is extensively used in aquaculture farms, but for salmonids the individual feeding behavior has seldom been continuously observed. In this article, the individual self-feeding behavior of 10 rainbow trout was continuously monitored with a PIT tag record for 50 days with three replicates. The fish fell into three categories according to their feeding behavior, i.e. high triggering fish (trigger behavior more than 25% of the group, HT), low triggering fish (1%–25%, LT) and zero triggering fish (less than 1%). The results showed that in a group of 10 individual 1–2 HT fish accounted for most of the self-feeding behavior (78.19%–89.14%), which was far more than they could consume. The trigger frequency of the fish was significantly correlated with the initial body weight (P <0.01), however, no significant difference in growth rate among the HT, LT, and ZT fish was observed (P >0.05). Cosinor analysis showed that the two HT fish in the same group had similar acrophase. Though some of the HT fish could be active for 50 d, there were also HT fish decreased triggering behavior around 40 d and the high trigger status was then replaced by other fish, which was first discovered in salimonds. Interestingly, the growth of the group was not affected by the alternation triggering fish. These results provide evidence that in the self-feeding system the HT fish didn’t gain much advantage by their frequent self-feeding behavior, and high trigger status of the HT fish is not only an individual character but also driven by the demand of the group. In the self-feeding system, the critical individual should be closely monitored.
相似文献7.
The disease resistance and humoral immunomodulatory effects of vitamin C administered orally to grouper,Epinephelus awoara maintained on a frozen fish diet supplemented with vitamin C at 500, 1000, 1500 and 2000 mg/kg were investigated. After 20
weeks, the growth rates of the groups with high level of vitamin C apparently increased. The untreated fish had symptoms of
vitamin C deficiency. The endogenous liver tissue vitamin C levels were found to reflect well the dietary treatments. After
intraperitoneal injection or bath challenge with a virulent strain ofVibrio vulnificus, fish fed with high level vitamin C showed significantly higher survival rate compared with the normal control group. Vaccination
with formalin inactivatedV. vulnificus significantly enhanced the specific antibody production in fish treated with vitamin C, and completely protected from strong
bacterial challenge the groups fed on fish with vitamin C 1500 and 2000 mg/kg diet.
Project 39500113 supported by NSFC and also by Guangdong Science Research Foundation (Grant No. 950711). 相似文献
8.
AN EXPERIMENT ON INDUCTION OF TRIPLOIDY IN ERIOCHEIR JAPONICUS HEPUENSIS DAI BY HEAT TREATMENT 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Temperature treatment to inhibit extrusion of the polar body of the egg was first used on a lower crustacean, Anemia salina (Gross, 1932), and then was used for inducing triploids of amphibian (Frankhauser and Griffiths, 1939), fish (Svardson, 1945), and mammal (Beatly and Fishchberg, 1949).So far, induction of triploidy has been extensively used to obtain sterile or quick-growth individuals in fish (Swarup, 1956; Lincoln.and Scott, 1983 and Thorgaard, 1986) and mollusk (Stanley et al., 1984), but similar work has not been reported on crab, a higher crustacean. 相似文献
9.
This experiment on the effects of fishes (Pelteobagrus fulvidraco, Channa argus, Cyprinus carpio) on growth and survival of juvenile Chinese mitten crab,Eriocheir sinensis was conducted in cages placed in Bao'an Lake. T-tests showed that effects of fishes on the carapace width growth were not
significant as compared with the control (no fish). But the effects of these fishes on crab survival were negative. The causes
of negative effects of fishes on crab survival were simply discussed on the basis of food habits.
This research was financially supported by the Department of Agriculture (96-008-02-03), P. R. China, and Chinese Academy
of Sciences (Key Project: KZ951-A1-102). 相似文献
10.
The relation between otolith weight (OW) and the age of marine fish is studied. A total of 222 individuals of bighead white
croaker, Pennahia macrocephalus were sampled seasonally in the mouth of the Beibu Gulf, the South China Sea, in 2007. Since there are no significant differences
in sagittal OW between otolith in pairs (P≥0.05), the undamaged left sagittal otolith is used for age determination. The highest correlations among standard length,
OW and fish ages are confirmed by linear, exponential and multinomial regression. Results show that sagittal OW overlaps only
occasionally among age groups, and to individuals with similar standard length, the older and slower-growing fish has a heavier
otolith because of the continued otolith material deposition. There are differences in sagittal OW among different age groups
and significant positive linear relationship with age (P<0.05). The age readings can be verified by plotting the sagittal OW versus the standard length for age groups, and the individuals
with similar standard length but in different ages can be separated by sagittal OW frequency analysis. Mostly, the predicted
ages using the regression between sagittal OW and ages are closed to the observed ages by counting annulus on scale. It indicates
that the sagittal OW analysis is a useful technique for validating the accuracy of age determination by annuli counts, especially
for individuals of similar size. Furthermore, the technique is applied for Pennahia macrocephalus with discussion in this paper.
Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 30771653) and Bureau of Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture 相似文献
11.
Bacterin was prepared by formalin-inactivating the virulent strain of Vibrio hollisae isolated from diseased Seriola dumerili （amberjack） suffering from vibriosis. Healthy S. dumeriIi were vaccinated by respective procedures of intramuscular injection, immersion, and orally administration. Results of the three different vaccinations were compared. Blood was drawn from the vaccinated fish every 7 days, and the antibody titers and lysozyme activities of the sera were determined. The antibody titer of injected fish was 1：40 at 7 d, and reached its peak of 1：320 at 28 d, while the fish vaccinated by immersion and orally administration exhibited weak antibody responses, the antibody titres of 〈1：10, 1：20, 1：160 were observed at 7 d, 14 d, 35 d respectively. Compared with the control, the vaccinated fish exhibited significantly higher lysozyme activities （P〈0.05）. Upon challenge with virulent strain, the relative percent survival （RPS） of injected, immersed and oral administrated fish were 75%, 45%, and 40% respectively, and the injected fish showed significantly higher RPS than immersed and oral administrated fish. The results suggested that vaccination of S. dumerili by the injection would be the best strategy to prevent the vibriosis in S. dumerili farm. 相似文献
12.
Although chub mackerel (Scomber japonicus) is a primary pelagic fish species, we have only limited knowledge on its key life history processes. The present work studied
the age and growth of chub mackerel in the East China and Yellow Seas. Age was determined by interpreting and counting growth
rings on the sagitta otoliths of 252 adult fish caught by the Chinese commercial purse seine fleet during the period from
November 2006 to January 2007 and 150 juveniles from bottom trawl surveys on the spawning ground in May 2006. The difference
between the assumed birth date of 1st April and date of capture was used to adjust the age determined from counting the number
of complete translucent rings. The parameters of three commonly used growth models, the von Bertalanffy, Logistic and Gompertz
models, were estimated using the maximum likelihood method. Based on the Akaike Information Criterion (AIC), the von Bertalanffy growth model was found to be the most appropriate model. The size-at-age and size-at-maturity values
were also found to decrease greatly compared with the results achieved in the 1950s, which was caused by heavy exploitation
over the last few decades. 相似文献
13.
As fish is one source of the ‘big eight’ food allergens,the prevalence of fish allergy has increased over the past few years.In order to better understand fish allergy,it is necessary to identify fish allergens.Based on the sera from fish-allergenic patients,a 28 kDa protein from local mackerel (Scomber japonicus),which has not been reported as a fish allergen,was found to be reactive with most of the patients’ sera.The 28 kDa protein was analyzed by MALDI-TOF-MS (Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry).Mascot search in NCBI database (Date: 08/07/2010) showed that the top protein matched,i.e.triosephosphate isomerase (TPI) from Xiphophorus maculatus and Poecilia reticulata,had a mowse (molecular weight search) score of 98.In addition,TPI from Epinephelus coioides also matched this mackerel protein with a mowse score of 96.Because TPI is con-sidered as an allergen in other non-fish organisms,such as lychee,wheat,latex,archaeopotamobius (Archaeopotamobius sibiriensis) and crangon (Crangon crangon),we consider that it may also be an allergen in mackerel. 相似文献
14.
A feeding trial was conducted in a recirculating water system to investigate the effects of dietary protein levels on growth,
feed utilization, hepatosomatic index and liver lipid deposition of juvenile red snapper, Lutjanus argentimaculatus (average initial wet weight 8.0 ± 0.39 g and total length 3.14 ± 0.3 cm). In the experiment, six fishmeal-based diets were
formulated to contain various protein levels (20% to 45% in 5% increments), with dietary energy ranging from 2210.7kJ lOOg
to 2250.2kJlOOg dry matter. The protein to energy ratios of diets ranged from 8.58 mg protein kJ−1 to 20.03 mg protein kJ−1. Diets were fed for 90d to triplicate groups of fish stocked in 0.128m3 seawater tanks, 25 individuals each. The daily ration of 2% wet body weight was offered to the fish thrice a day. The fish
at the end of the study had more than ten-fold (77.0g) increase in weight compared to the initial (8.0g). Fish fed diets of
40% and 45% protein produced significantly (P<0.05) higher weight gain of 77.2g and 76.5g, and specific growth rate (SGR) of 2.65% and 2.62% than those of 67.0 g and 68.3g,
and 2.49% and 2.51% of the other diets. The broken-line regression of SGR against dietary protein level yielded an optimum
dietary protein requirement of 42.6% (Y=−1.6295 + 0.1114 X
2,P<0.05). Survival remained 100% among groups. Feed conversion ratio decreased from 0.45 for fish fed 20% dietary protein to
0.35 for fish fed 45% dietary protein. Nitrogen intake increased with an increase in dietary protein, which in turn resulted
in an increase in nitrogen gain of fish whole body. Fish fed 40% and 45% protein diets showed higher (P<0.05) nitrogen gain (0.27g and 0.26g) than those (0.23g and 025g) fed all other diets. Gross energy intake (GEI) in fish
fed 45% protein was lower (600.67kJ) than that (607.97 kJ) of 40% protein diet, though the differences were not statistically
significant (P>0.05); GEI ranging from 677.31 kJ to 663.20 kJ at remaining four diets (20% to 35% protein) did not appear to differ significantly
(P>0.05). The highest energy gain of 518.33 kJ was obtained with fish fed 40% protein, resulting in the highest energy retention
efficiency of 85.26%. The hepatosomatic index of fish fed diets of 20%, 25%, 30% and 35% protein were significantly (P<0.05) higher (2.09% to 2.57%) than those (1.44% and 1.41%) of fish fed diets containing 40% and 45% protein. Liver lipid
contents decreased from 8.72% to 7.0% in fish fed dietary protein of 20% to 45% in 5% increments. Results suggest that the
diet containing 40% to 42.6% protein with a P/E ratio of 17.6 mg protein kJ−1 is required for good growth of L. argentimaculatus weighing between 8.0 g and 85.2 g under the culture conditions of the present study. 相似文献
15.
The seasonal fluctuation of the plasmodia ofMyxobolus gibelioi Wu et Wang, 1982 in the gill filaments of the allogynogenetic gibel carpCarassius auratus gibelio (Bloch) in a fish pond in Hubei Province of China was investigated from August 1999 to July 2000. A total of 445 fish was
examined; the overall prevalence of the plasmodium infection in the fish was 64.94% and mean abundance of plasmodia was 11.65±27.85
(mean±SD). Significant seasonal changes in prevalence and mean abundance, with higher levels of the plasmodia infection from
late spring to autumn, were observed.
This research was financially supported by the Projects for Knowledge Innovation of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (No. KSCX2-1-04
and No. 1999051) and the Science & Technology Commision of Wuhan City (No. 995004095G). 相似文献
16.
A VIBRIO ANGUILIARUM STRAIN ASSOCIATED WITH SKIN ULCER ON CULTURED FLOUNDER, PARALICHTHYS OLIVACEUS 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
The characteristics of a bacterium strain M3, isolated from cultured flounderParalichthys olivaceus with remarkable external sign of skin ulcer during an epizootic outbreak, indicated that the bacterium belonged to the speciesVibrio anguillarum. Challenge by I.M. (intramuscular injection), bath, and oral administration with M3 showed that it was highly pathogenic
forParalichthys olivacues. The LD50 dose was 5.144×103 CFU/ per fish infection by I.M. injection. Recovered inoculated bacteria from the surviving fish revealed that the asymptomatic
carriers could be a latent contagious source. Study of the effect of bacterial culture CFS (cell-free-supernatant) showed
that the exotoxins produced by M3 play an important role in its pathogenicity for flounder. The resistance of M3 to 36 out
of 41 antibiotics indicated that the bacterial disease outbreak was mainly attributable to the frequent and excessive use
of antimicrobial agents; and that vaccination would be an effective precaution against bacterial disease.
Contribution No. 4107 from Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Science.
Contribution No. 270 from Experimental marine Biology Laboratory, CAS.
Funded by projects under the Major State Basic Research Development Program, Grant G1999012003. 相似文献
17.
Abstact Age and growth characteristics of crimson sea bream Paragyrops edita Tanaka in Beibu Gulf were studied through bottom trawling and gillnet fleets fishing from July 2006 to December 2007. A total
number of 1155 individuals, ranging from 49 to 249 mm in standard length was examined. The age of the fish was determined
from sagittal otoliths. One year growth was made up of one translucent and one opaque zone. A maximum likelihood estimation
procedure was used to fit the Von Bertalanffy, Logistic and Gompertz growth functions to the length-at-age data. ARSS indicated
that there were no significant differences in growth between sexes in the three growth models (P>0.05), and the Von Bertalanffy growth function L
t
=292.8{1−exp [−0.167(t+1.116)]} was selected as the most appropriate growth model according to Akaike’s information criterion (AIC). 相似文献
18.
ＩＮＴＲＯＤＵＣＴＩＯＮＴｈｅＪａｐａｎｅｓｅｓｅａｂａｓｓ (ＬａｔｅｏｌａｂｒａｘｊａｐｏｎｉｃｕｓＣ＆Ｖ)ｄｉｓｔｒｉｂｕｔｅｓｗｉｄｅｌｙｉｎｔｈｅｃｏａｓｔａｌｗａｔｅｒｓａｌｏｎｇｔｈｅＢｏｈａｉＳｅａ ,ＹｅｌｌｏｗＳｅａ ,ＥａｓｔＣｈｉｎａＳｅａ,ａｎｄＳｏｕｔｈＣｈｉｎａＳｅａ .Ａｓａｃａｒｎｉｖｏｒｏｕｓｆｉｓｈ ,ｉｔｏｃｃｕｐｉｅｓｔｈｅｈｉｇｈｔｒｏｐｈｉｃｌｅｖｅｌｉｎｔｈｅｍａｒｉｎｅｅｃｏｓｙｓｔｅｍａｎｄｈａｓａｄａｐｔｅｄｔｏｖａｒｉｏｕｓｅｎｖｉｒｏｎｍｅｎｔａｌｒ… 相似文献
19.
Microcystis bloom, one of the most objectionable characteristics of eutrophication in tropical and subtropical waters, occurred in Donghu Lake (East lake) of Wuhan every summer from the 1970s up to 1984, but from 1985 up to now failed to occur there. The cause of its disappearance rema-ined in obscurity until recently. In situ enclosure experiments in the lake for three years showed that the stocking of the filter-feeding silver carp ( Hypophthalmichthys molitrix ) and big-head carp (Aristichthys nobilis ) played a decisive role in eliminating Microcystis bloom from the lake; but that recurrence of the bloom is possible under certain conditions. This paper presents the details and the results of enclosure ex-periments. The authors‘ analysis of fish biomass data obtained by echo-sounding and the fishery produc-tion of the lake over the years, revealed that the recurrence of Microcystis bloom can be prevented so long as the combined biomnss of silver carp and big-head carp remains at or exceeds 50 g per cubic meter of lakewater, as was the case in the lake‘s 1985 fish yield of 1015 t. 相似文献
20.
Zebrafish (Danio rerio) genetic screens allow isolation of a wide array of problems in vertebrate biology. The effects of base analogues 5-bromouracil
and 6-aminopurine on the development of zebrafish embryos are reported for the first time in this study. The early development
of the zebrafish embryos was little affected by 5-bromouracil and 6-aminopurine, while the late development (organogenesis)
was significantly impaired. Embryos exposed to 5-bromouracil mainly showed curled tail, wavy body, golden pigmentation and
the mouth with protruding lower jaw. 6-aminopurine-treated embryos had defective anterior structures, curled tails and wavy
body. RAPD analysis showed that the majority of 5-bromouracil- and 6-aminopurine-treated larvae and fish shared banding patterns
in common with the control, suggesting that most mutagenesis induced by these agents are point mutations. However, some fish
derived from 5-bromouracil-treated embryos had golden (gol) pigmentation; and RAPD analysis revealed that their band patterns differed from those of the control. Possibly, 5-bromouracil
can occasionally cause relatively extensive changes in the fish genome. The results of this study may provide valuable help
for detailed studies of mutagenesis.
This work was supported by Ministry of Science and Technology (MOST) of China (G 1999012005). 相似文献