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《岩土力学》2017,(Z2):123-130
采用卸载状态岩石的力学参数和相应的强度准则,描述卸荷岩体的力学性质可能存在一些不足之处。为了能够从理论上更准确地分析卸荷岩体的力学性质,从弹性应变能出发对卸荷岩体力学性质的演化进行了探讨,研究了岩体的开挖卸荷与卸荷试验中试样初始损伤程度的不同之处和弹性应变能、应力偏量第二不变量、应力张量第二不变量和泊松比内在关系,简要地分析了现有强度准则在描述卸荷岩体力学性质方面的不足之处。以弹性应变能为基础采用加载状态的岩石力学参数,对岩石的卸荷力学特性进行了理论分析与试验验证。结果表明,现有的大多数强度准则难以描述试样卸荷破坏时强度特征,且可能存在不满足能量守恒定律的情况;基于弹性应变能强度准则既可得到表征卸荷破坏时岩石的强度提高,又可以描述强度的减小。文中分析了产生上述结果的本质机理。 相似文献
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基于高应力下花岗岩卸荷试验的力学变形特性研究 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3
进行了高应力条件下卸围压并增大轴压的花岗岩卸荷试验,描述了卸荷过程中岩石渐进破坏的应力-应变曲线和力学参数损伤劣化规律;分析了能较好反映岩石卸荷强度破坏特征的Mogi-Coulomb准则和强度参数变化规律;建立了岩石由压剪破裂逐渐过渡到张剪破坏的渐进演化体系。在此基础上,通过对岩石卸荷破坏起主要作用的横向变形将压剪Mogi-Coulomb准则和拉剪Mogi-Coulomb准则联系起来,建立了描述岩石卸荷渐进破坏的新强度准则。基于上述的卸荷试验成果,结合描述岩石卸荷渐进破坏的应力-应变曲线,在应变空间中推导了考虑岩石力学变形参数损伤劣化效应、横向变形作用、卸荷渐进破裂演化机制的力学本构方程。 相似文献
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《岩土力学》2017,(7):2128-2136
在地下洞室、隧道等工程中,裂隙岩石峰值强度后的损伤破坏特性及演化机制对控制围岩稳定至关重要,目前,对岩石峰后的损伤破坏特性研究不充分,认识不全面,易出现大体积塌方、大变形等工程事故。针对峰后裂隙岩石的力学性质,开展室内三轴试验,分析其非线性损伤破坏特性;假设岩石损伤满足Weibull分布规律,引入损伤变量,推导出峰后裂隙岩石非线性损伤破裂本构方程;将上述本构方程与能量耗散原理、应变能密度理论相结合,建立了峰后裂隙岩石的非线性损伤破坏准则;采用FISH语言开发了基于上述破坏准则的峰后岩石损伤破裂计算程序,用连续的方法模拟分析了峰后裂隙岩石的非连续损伤破裂过程,揭示了裂隙岩石峰后损伤破坏特性及其演化规律,并与裂隙岩石的三轴压缩试验结果进行了对比。结果表明:上述本构方程与判别准则能较好地模拟峰后裂隙岩石非线性损伤破裂过程。为有效控制围岩稳定提供一种新的理论分析手段。 相似文献
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基于中主应力修正关系的边坡稳定性分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
边坡稳定性分析时通常将应力条件简化为平面应变状态,采用三轴试验强度计算出的边坡稳定性偏于保守。在充分考虑中主应力物理含义及力学机制的基础上,将Mises屈服准则与Mohr-Coulomb（简称M-C）内切圆屈服准则进行匹配,得到了平面应变条件下土体屈服破坏时中主应力的理论修正关系,进而也得到了该条件下最大主应力与最小主应力的比值关系,从理论上证明了该比值关系是与土体平面应变破坏时内摩擦角成一定关系的常数,也在平面应变试验中得到了验证,从侧面反映出中主应力理论修正关系的合理性。由上述两种关系建立了土体平面应变破坏条件下的应力路径,结合Lade-Duncan强度准则,建立了平面应变条件下强度参数与三轴试验试验条件下强度参数转换公式,由该转换公式得到的平面应变条件下的强度参数与平面应变试验实测值误差在2%左右,大幅缩小了三轴试验实测值与平面应变试验实测值的误差。在均质边坡稳定分析中分别采用常规三轴试验强度值与由公式转换得到的平面应变强度值进行计算。研究结果表明,三轴试验条件下内摩擦角为10°～20°之间时,基于两种强度参数得出的安全系数相差不大;当三轴试验条件下内摩擦角大于20°时,平面应变条件下安全系数较三轴试验条件下提高19%左右,但该成果只在文中计算案例有效,两者误差的准确关系还有待于进一步研究。值得关注的是,由于平面应变条件下土体强度变大,边坡的临界滑面深度变浅了,其形态相应变陡。 相似文献
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卸荷条件下岩石变形特征及本构模型研究 总被引：11，自引：0，他引：11
基于岩石试件的卸荷试验,研究了卸荷条件下岩石的应力—应变全过程曲线和破裂特征,研究表明：卸荷过程中岩石向卸荷方向回弹变形强烈、扩容显著、脆性破坏特征明显;卸荷条件下岩石破坏具有较强的张性破裂特征,各种级别的张裂隙发育,其剪性破裂面追随张拉裂隙发展。基于试验认识,将卸荷条件下岩石的本构模型分为4段：弹性段、卸荷屈服段、峰后脆性段及残余理想塑性段;通过体积应变εv将Griffith和Mohr Coulomb屈服准则结合起来,建立卸荷条件下岩石的屈服准则,并在应变空间建立相应的卸荷非线性屈服段本构方程;运用应变软化理论,建立卸荷岩石峰后脆性段本构方程。 相似文献
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压缩作用下岩石内部细观裂纹扩展导致岩石产生损伤,其对岩石变形、强度等力学特性有着重要影响;然而,岩石内部裂纹扩展与剪切特性（黏聚力、内摩擦角及剪切应力）动态演化关系很少被研究。基于裂纹扩展机制推出的岩石应力-应变本构模型,并结合摩尔-库仑失效准则,推出了在岩石应力-应变关系峰值应力（对应岩石压缩强度）状态时,本构模型细观力学参数与岩石黏聚力、内摩擦角及剪切强度之间的状态关系。然后,引入岩石应力-应变本构关系塑性变形阶段服从摩尔-库仑屈服准则的力学流动规律,进而将已推出的应力-应变关系峰值状态点所满足的细观力学参数与黏聚力、内摩擦角关系,推广到岩石进入塑性变形后,岩石内部裂纹扩展（或应变）与黏聚力、内摩擦角及剪切应力动态演化的理论关系。随着裂纹扩展或应变增加,黏聚力、内摩擦角及剪切应力先增大,达到一个峰值点后减小,该结果与应力-应变本构曲线变化趋势相对应。通过试验结果验证了所提出理论结果的合理性。并讨论了初始裂纹之间摩擦系数对黏聚力、内摩擦角及剪切应力随裂纹扩展或应变演化规律的影响。 相似文献
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基于应变能密度理论的岩石破裂数值模拟方法研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
采用双线性应变软化本构模型结合能量耗散原理建立了损伤本构方程,并通过应变能密度理论建立了细观单元岩石破坏的能量判别准则。当某一单元所存储的应变能超过某固定值时,单元进入损伤状态,同时单元的损伤程度随着能量耗散的增加而增加,损伤单元的材料属性也随之改变,直到变为具有一定残余强度的单元。随着荷载增加,单元损伤的程度变大,当单元储存的应变能超过所建立的能量判别准则时,定义单元破坏,随着破坏单元的数目不断增多,破坏单元相互连通形成宏观裂纹,实现了利用线性计算完成非线性计算的过程,避免了数值计算在单元断裂时的奇异性,模拟了岩石的峰后破裂行为。对上述算法利用FLAC中的FISH语言开发了岩石破裂化计算程序,并将该程序成功应用于巴西劈裂和中间裂隙拉伸试验的破裂模拟过程中,其模拟结果与相应的理论和试验结果吻合较好,说明该方法对于模拟岩石破裂过程的正确性和可行性。 相似文献
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《岩土力学》2020,(Z1)
极弱胶结岩石成岩时间晚,胶结差,强度低,易风化,遇水泥化崩解,特殊的成岩环境和沉积过程形成其独特的物理与力学性质。X射线衍射试验表明,极弱胶结岩石的黏土矿物成分以高岭石为主,其含量高达54%～69%。微观结构为蜂窝状、孔隙多且连通性好,整体结构性较差,遇水易发生水化反应,造成其孔隙率增加与强度降低,在自然条件下极易风化,短时间暴露即开裂。使用MTS 815岩石力学试验系统进行极弱胶结岩石的单轴与三轴压缩试验,获得极弱胶结岩石全应力-应变曲线,揭示了极弱胶结岩石峰后应变软化与扩容变形特性。试验结果表明,岩样破坏前后具有明显的体积膨胀特性,随着围压的提高,峰后体积膨胀特性逐渐减弱。基于裂纹体积应变模型,分析了极弱胶结岩石扩容大变形破坏机制,揭示了岩体强度与扩容参数随等效塑性应变的演化规律,建立了峰前损伤扩容与峰后破裂扩容屈服准则,构建了极弱胶结岩石扩容大变形本构模型。 相似文献
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Omid Saeidi Vamegh Rasouli Rashid Geranmayeh Vaneghi Raoof Gholami Seyed Rahman Torabi 《地学前缘(英文版)》2014,5(2):215-225
A modified failure criterion is proposed to determine the strength of transversely isotropic rocks. Me-chanical properties of some metamorphic and sedimentary rocks including gneiss, slate, marble, schist, shale, sandstone and limestone, which show transversely isotropic behavior, were taken into consider-ation. Afterward, introduced triaxial rock strength criterion was modified for transversely isotropic rocks. Through modification process an index was obtained that can be considered as a strength reduction parameter due to rock strength anisotropy. Comparison of the parameter with previous anisotropy in-dexes in literature showed reasonable results for the studied rock samples. The modified criterion was compared to modified Hoek-Brown and Ramamurthy criteria for different transversely isotropic rocks. It can be concluded that the modified failure criterion proposed in this study can be used for predicting the strength of transversely isotropic rocks. 相似文献
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能量相互转化过程的综合作用导致了岩石破坏,而其破坏的根本原因是岩石中储存的应变能的释放。对中低应变率加载条件下岩石尺寸效应能量特征的研究结果表明：花岗岩破坏时吸收的总能量U、弹性应变能Ue以及损伤应变能Ud均随试件尺寸的增长而降低;岩石强度与岩石中储存的能量有关,尤其与弹性储能有关,即弹性应变能愈高,岩石强度越大;试件长度由50 mm 变为125 mm时,弹性储能逐渐降低,岩石破坏形态从劈裂破坏变为剪切破坏,大尺寸时局部化变形明显。能量是不同应变率加载条件下岩石破坏细微观及宏观特征存在差异的内在动力;亦是导致岩石强度存在尺寸效应的本质动因。 相似文献
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Influence of Loading Rate on Deformability and Compressive Strength of Three Thai Sandstones 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Uniaxial and triaxial compressive strength tests have been performed using a polyaxial load frame to assess the influence
of loading rate on the strength and deformability of three Thai sandstones. The applied axial stresses are controlled at constant
rates of 0.001, 0.01, 0.1, 1.0 and 10 MPa/s. The confining pressures are maintained constant at 0, 3, 7 and 12 MPa. The sandstone
strengths and elastic moduli tend to increase exponentially with the loading rates. The effects seem to be independent of
the confining pressures. An empirical loading rate dependent formulation of both deformability and shear strength is developed
for the elastic and isotropic rocks. It is based on the assumption of constant distortional strain energy of the rock at failure
under a given mean normal stress. The proposed multiaxial criterion well describes the sandstone strengths within the range
of the loading rates used here. It seems reasonable that the derived loading rate dependent equations for deformability and
shear strength are transferable to similar brittle isotropic intact rocks. 相似文献
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基于遍布节理模型的边坡稳定性强度折减法分析 总被引：10，自引：4，他引：6
采用非线性数值分析方法分析边坡稳定性问题时,强度折减法因其具有较多的优点而得到广泛应用。岩土体一般采用理想弹塑性模型,屈服准则为广义米赛斯准则。对于密集节理岩质边坡稳定性问题,采用遍布节理模型可同时考虑岩块和节理属性,更符合岩体状态及工程实际,认为岩体经强度折减后潜在破坏可能首先出现在岩体中或沿节理面或二者同时破坏。结合工程实例,基于遍布节理模型的强度折减法计算结果表明,潜在滑移面为折线型滑面,下部潜在滑移面倾角与节理面等效内摩擦角基本一致,上部潜在滑移面与岩体拉破坏相关;节理倾角与边坡安全系数、潜在滑动范围密切相关,陡倾角节理对边坡稳定性影响较小。通过对边坡失稳判据和边坡滑移面确定的探讨,认为以力或位移不收敛作为边坡失稳判据是适当的,而边坡的剪应变速率物理意义十分明确,适于作为边坡潜在滑移面的确定依据。 相似文献
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Mohr—Coulomb屈服准则不考虑中间主应力对材料强度的贡献,是一个保守的强度屈服准则,在近似平面应变状态下,匹配于Mohr-Coulomb屈服准则的Drucker-Prager屈服准则能给出边坡安全系数偏保守一些的估计;相对而言,Matsuoka—Nakai和Lade-Duncan屈服准则均考虑了中间主应力对土体强度的影响,在近似平面应变状态下,匹配于Matsuoka-Nakai和Lade-Duncan屈服准则的Drucker-Prager屈服准则能给出岩土类材料较为合理的破坏强度预测,土体的抗剪强度能被更有效地发挥出来,因而借助这些转化的Drucker-Prager屈服准则能给出平面应变状态下土坡安全系数较为合理和真实的预测。文中的边坡稳定算例证实了这些观点。 相似文献
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The sedimentary environments are the intrinsic factor controlling the mechanical properties of clastic rocks. Examining the relationship between rock sedimentary environments and rock mechanical properties gives a better understanding of rock deformation and failure mechanisms. In this study, more than 55 samples in coal measures were taken from seven different lithologic formations in eastern China. Using the optical microscope the sedimentary characteristics, such as components of clastic rocks and sizes of clastic grains were quantitatively tested and analyzed. The corresponding mechanical parameters were tested using the servo-controlled testing system. Different lithologic attributes in the sedimentary rocks sampled different stress–strain behaviors and failure characteristics under different confining pressures, mainly due to different compositions and textures. Results demonstrate that clastic rocks have the linear best-fit for Mohr-Coulomb failure criterion. The elastic moduli in clastic rocks are highly dependent upon confining pressures, unlike hard rocks. The envelope lines of the mechanical properties versus the contents of quartz, detritus of the grain diameter of more than 0.03 mm, and grain size in clastic rocks are given. The compressive strength or elastic modulus and the grain diameter have a non-monotonic relation and demonstrate the “grain-diameter softening” effect. 相似文献
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为考虑中间主应力对岩石极限破坏强度作用,在广义Hoek-Brown强度准则幂率项中添加定量表征中间主应力项,构建新的三维Hoek-Brown强度准则。该准则在主应力空间是通过3个角点外接Hoek-Brown准则包络面的曲六面体,在 空间包络线是幂律型曲线。通过与Hoek-Brown准则、Drucker-Prager准则和Mogi准则分别对4组真三轴压缩强度试验数据的拟合对比分析,探讨其反映中间主应力效应的适用性。结果表明,修正的Hoek-Brown强度准则拟合试验数据效果总体最好,Mogi准则次之,Hoek-Brown准则和Drucker-Prager准则较差。从而修正的Hoek-Brown强度准则最适用于粗面岩、大理岩和花岗岩等硬脆性岩石的真三轴强度预测及中间主应力影响规律描述。 相似文献
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基于梯度塑性理论的岩样拉压剪破坏统一失稳判据 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：2
提出了单轴拉伸,直剪及单轴压缩剪切破坏失稳判据的统一形式。首先对de Borst R及Muhlhaus H B关于单轴拉伸试件梯度塑性理论解析解方面的开创性工作进行了回顾、评论,并指出了他们工作的缺憾。受de Borst R等工作的启发,对直接剪切试件进行了分析,得到了快速回跳条件。并发现:岩样的快速回跳条件就是系统(由剪切带及带外弹性岩石构成)的失稳判据。又对单轴压缩岩样剪切破坏进行了分析,得到了其失稳判据。通过对单轴拉伸失稳判据、直接剪切失稳判据及单轴压缩剪切破坏失稳判据的类比,得到了失稳判据的统一形式。统一失稳判据表明:岩石材料的局部化带宽度及压缩或剪切弹性模量越小,软化模量及等效试件高度越大,试件越容易发生失稳破坏。 相似文献
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A Simplified Failure Criterion for Intact Rocks Based on Rock Type and Uniaxial Compressive Strength 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
Jiayi Shen Rafael Jimenez Murat Karakus Chaoshui Xu 《Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering》2014,47(2):357-369
The uniaxial compressive strength (UCS) of intact rock, which can be estimated using relatively straightforward and cost-effective techniques, is one of the most practical rock properties used in rock engineering. Thus, constitutive laws to represent the strength and behavior of (intact) rock frequently use it, along with additional intrinsic rock properties. Although triaxial tests can be employed to obtain best-fit failure criterion parameters that provide best strength predictions, they are more expensive and require time-consuming procedures; as a consequence, they are often not readily available at early stages of a project. Based on the analysis of an extensive triaxial test database for intact rocks, we propose a simplified empirical failure criterion in which rock strength at failure is expressed in terms of confining stress and UCS, with a new parameter which can be directly estimated from the UCS for a specified rock type in the absence of triaxial test data. Performance of the proposed failure criterion is then tested for validation against experimental data for eight rock types. The results show that strengths of intact rock estimated by the proposed failure criterion are in good agreement with experimental test data, with small discrepancies between estimated and measurements strengths. Therefore, the proposed criterion can be useful for preliminary (triaxial) strength estimation of intact rocks when triaxial tests data are not available. 相似文献
20.
This paper compares four different rock failure criteria based on triaxial test data of ten different rock strength data using various statistical methods. Least square, least median square and re-weighted least square techniques are used to determine the best fit parameters utilizing the experimental data that describes the failure state for each criterion. The least median square method could identify the scattered data and these scattered data points are observed at higher confining stress. It was observed that the fitting of failure criteria to different rock strength data depends upon the statistical methods used. The prediction of unconfined compressive strength and failure strength for different rocks estimated using various statistical methods are discussed in terms of different statistical performances of the prediction. 相似文献