共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
Ephemeral rivers have been largely excluded from previous attempts to classify global hydrologic regimes, or to assess the role of hydrologic characteristics in regulating ecological processes and patterns in fluvial ecosystems. The Namib Desert's ephemeral rivers are amongst the most hydrologically variable fluvial systems yet described. The coefficient of variation for mean annual runoff (CVMAR) among 28 stations, representing 7 Namib rivers, averages 1.55, compared with a global mean of ∼0.45. Distinct curvilinear relationships exist among hydrologic characters and longitudinal position along the rivers. In particular, peak discharge, annual flow volume, and days of flow per annum exhibit a marked decline in the lower reaches of the rivers, after a mid-catchment peak. These longitudinal gradients exert strong controls over the composition of vegetation, invertebrate, and fungal communities; the availability and structure of various micro-habitats; and the rates of ecological processes such as decomposition. Flood pulses, although variable in their timing and magnitude, play a critical role in regulating organic matter transport and deposition, and primary and secondary production. Despite the tolerance of the biota to harsh and variable abiotic conditions, these ecosystems are highly sensitive to hydrologic alterations as water is acutely limiting for many organisms and ecological processes. Accordingly, alterations to flow regimes can quickly degrade ecological integrity. Managers must seek to maintain existing hydrologic regimes, a challenge amplified by increasing human water demand and changing regional climates. 相似文献
2.
The physical significance of a negative correlation between a varve record from Mud Lake, British Columbia, and temperature
is discussed in the context of a process-network. The process-network is defined as the system of temporally and spatially
connected processes involved in the transfer of a signal from climate to varved glaciolacustrine sediment. The six systems
defining the network include climate, glacier, fluvial, geomorphic, terrestrial biologic and lacustrine systems to which each
process belongs. A literature review outlines significant variation in the strength and character of correlations between
components of the process-network and highlights that more comprehensive interpretations of varves as a hydroclimatic proxy
require an improved understanding of the process-network. Documenting each process in the network is integral to informing
a more complete model of this system, identifying processes that constitute signal transfer and assessing hydroclimatic proxies
based on linear correlation. Such documentation is of growing importance as varved lacustrine sediments are increasingly used
as a hydroclimatic proxy. The complex nature of the process-network requires greater emphasis on interdisciplinary cooperation
and alternative methods to the linear statistical model. 相似文献
3.
Robert Gilbert Sarah Crookshanks Kyle R. Hodder John Spagnol Roland B. Stull 《Journal of Paleolimnology》2006,35(4):737-745
Severe rainfall in mid October, 2003 produced the largest floods in almost a century of record on rivers in the Cordillera
of southwestern British Columbia. Sediment deposited in Lillooet Lake as a result of this event is clearly distinguished by
stratigraphy, colour, texture, magnetic properties, and organic content. Each of these physical properties is related to the
lacustrine processes, especially turbid underflow, that distributed the sediment through the lake. The flood, which lasted
less than a week, delivered 8–12 times the amount of sediment that accumulates in most entire years in the deepest, central
parts of the lake. Recognition of events of this type in the stratigraphic record offers a means of assessing the changing
nature of extreme hydroclimatic events, and their relation to more ubiquitous, lower-energy processes. 相似文献
4.
Roger Hayter 《The Professional geographer》1978,30(3):240-249
Based on interviews with corporate executives, this paper examines several decisions to locate pulp and paper mills in British Columbia during the 1960's and early 1970's. It emphasizes locational evaluations of regions, communities, and sites interpreted as parts of wider investment decision processes and longer-run corporate strategies. Relationships between initial locational decisions and post-locational assessments and adjustments are also identified. 相似文献
5.
Hu Xuwei 《地理学报(英文版)》1995,(1)
Econowhcropon,inabroadsense,referst0thearealunitofecononucactvities.TherearevarioustyPesofeconomicropons.Accordingtotheterrit0nalscope,China'scomprehensiveec0nonucroponhasfourlevels,andtheyaremacroeconomicrop0ns,provincialeconondcropons,intra-provincialro… 相似文献
6.
地理国情分类区划是认知和分析地理国情的有效途径,是研究认识地理国情类型特征、组合及其演变趋势的区域差异和地理国情空间分异的基础。本文通过对地理国情普查的基本统计数据进行分析,制定了地理国情分类区划的指标体系;基于多维尺度分析和聚类分析,构建了地理国情分类区划模型。选择河南省地理国情普查数据,对其进行分类区划实验。通过对地理国情数据进行多维尺度分析,根据分析的可视化结果,可直观地确定地理国情的分类区划数,并将此设置为初始的聚类数;在此基础上进行k均值聚类,可实现河南省地理国情的分类区划,通过对各聚类簇中指标数据特征进行分析,并根据各聚类簇中心对区划各类型进行定义和解释,最后对聚类结果进行空间化表达。结果表明：河南省地理国情可划分为指标数据极值区、指标数据低值区、指标数据中值区和指标数据高值区4类,且根据空间集聚性分析,可判断分类区划的空间集聚效应显著,各区划类型间相互包容和渗透,集聚呈4条西南?东北的条状带。该项工作可为统筹地理国情与区域可持续发展,制定切实可行的区域发展政策提供科学依据。 相似文献
7.
G.L. Heritage A.R.G. Large B.P. Moon A.L. Birkhead 《Geografiska Annaler: Series A, Physical Geography》2003,85(1):1-11
Extreme flood events are considered by many researchers to be very important in controlling the development of semi‐arid bedrock‐influenced river systems. Accurate gauging of such events is often impossible, however, as gauges are drowned and often damaged during the event. A methodology for estimating flood discharge for bedrock‐influenced channels is presented that reconstructs hydrometric characteristics of the peak flow and relates these to the roughness character of the river channel in question. The method is evaluated using peak water‐surface slope data relating to the extreme floods of February 2000 along the Sabie and Letaba rivers, located respectively in the Mpumalanga and Northern Provinces, South Africa. The data, in the form of strandline measurements, were taken at hydraulically relevant points along the long profile of both rivers. The resultant data are utilised together with published high flow channel resistance figures, based on the channel morphology of the Sabie and Letaba rivers, to generate peak flow estimates for a number of locations along both rivers. Comparisons are made between the frictional discharge peak flow estimates, velocity‐area and hydrologic estimates of peak flow. These comparisons indicate that the method can produce discharge estimates with an accuracy of ±10% and ± 35% respectively. 相似文献
8.
大型山丘平原交错区复杂的自然地理和人类活动特征增加了水文循环研究和水资源评价、管理的难度,地表水地下水耦合模型作为流域/区域水文循环模拟的重要工具,为解决这类大型区域诸多水文水资源问题提供了便利。针对目前地表水地下水耦合模型难以兼顾精度和效率的问题,论文提出了一种新型半松散耦合机制,将三维有限差分地下水流数值模型嵌入半分布式水文模型MODCYCLE,摒弃了目前流行的水文响应单元(HRU)与地下水网格单元空间和信息转换方式,通过建立子流域—网格单元的空间关联和地表水文—地下水流之间的实时信息交互,实现大型山丘平原交错区的地表水地下水耦合模拟。在三江平原构建了模型并开展应用研究。校验评估显示,模型达到了良好的模拟效果,具备了水文循环现状模拟和预测未来的能力。最后,利用该模型输出分析了三江平原2002—2014年的地表水地下水转化关系。结果表明,降水量和农业灌溉量的增加导致全区域土壤水蓄量年均增加6.51亿m3,但却使地表水和地下水储量分别减少0.99亿m3/a和3.03亿m3/a,降水量的增加并没有通过产流和入渗补给改善因用水急剧增加引起的地表水、地下水衰减的趋势;不同分区的降水入渗补给系数和基流指数差异显著,是多种自然和人为因素综合作用的结果。相关成果可为类似地区水文循环研究和水资源评价工作提供参考。 相似文献
9.
Engineered channel controls limiting spawning habitat rehabilitation success on regulated gravel-bed rivers 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
In efforts to rehabilitate regulated rivers for ecological benefits, the flow regime has been one of the primary focal points of management strategies. However, channel engineering can impact channel geometry such that hydraulic and geomorphic responses to flow reregulation do not yield the sought for benefits. To illustrate and assess the impacts of structural channel controls and flow reregulation on channel processes and fish habitat quality in multiple life stages, a highly detailed digital elevation model was collected and analyzed for a river reach right below a dam using a suite of hydrologic, hydraulic, geomorphic, and ecological methods. Results showed that, despite flow reregulation to produce a scaled-down natural hydrograph, anthropogenic boundary controls have severely altered geomorphic processes associated with geomorphic self-sustainability and instream habitat availability in the case study. Given the similarity of this stream to many others, we concluded that the potential utility of natural flow regime reinstatement in regulated gravel-bed rivers is conditional on concomitant channel rehabilitation. 相似文献
10.
11.
Hydrologic data derived from digital elevation models (DEM) has been regarded as an effective method in the spatial analysis of geographical information systems (GIS). However, both DEM resolution and terrain complexity has impacts on the accuracy of hydrologic derivatives. In this study, a multi-resolution and multi-relief comparative approach was used as a major methodology to investigate the accuracy of hydrologic data derived from DEMs. The experiment reveals that DEM terrain representation error affects the accuracy of DEM hydrological derivatives (drainage networks and watershed etc.). Coarser DEM resolutions can usually cause worse results. However, uncertain result commonly exists in this calculation. The derivative errors can be found closely related with DEM vertical resolution and terrain roughness. DEM vertical resolution can be found closely related with the accuracy of DEM hydrological derivatives, especially in the smooth plain area. If the mean slope is less than 4 degrees, the derived hydrologic data are usually unreliable. This result may be helpful in estimating the accuracy of the hydrologic derivatives and determining the DEM resolution that is appropriate to the accuracy requirement of a particular user. By applying a threshold value to subset the cells of a higher accumulation flow, a stream network of a specific network density can be extracted. Some very important geomorphologic characteristics, e.g., shallow and deep gullies, can be separately extracted by means of adjusting the threshold value. However, such a flow accumulationbased processing method can not correctly derive those streams that pass through the working area because it is hard to accumulate enough flow direction values to express the stream channels at the stream's entrance area. Consequently, errors will definitely occur at the stream’s entrance area. In addition, erroneous derivatives can also be found in deriving some particular rivers, e.g., perched (hanging up) rivers, anastomosing rivers and braided rivers. Therefore, more work should be done to develop and perfect the algorithms. 相似文献
12.
基于SOFM神经网络模型的土地类型分区尝试——以青藏高原东部样带为例 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
基于土地类型自下而上的自然区划能够确立更加清晰的自然区划界线,是自然区划研究取得突破的关键。以青藏高原东部山区为研究区,采用神经网络模型与GIS技术,开展基于土地类型自下而上的区划研究。通过计算得到研究区地形综合指数、温暖指数、湿润指数、地被指数和水文指数5个自然指数指标,并将这些指标作为变量输入层,输入到建立的Self-Organizing Feature Maps神经网络模型中,对土地类型单元自下而上合并,生成青藏高原东部山区自然区划图,实现以土地类型单元为控制本底的定量化分区。结果表明:①可以将土地类型单元聚合成高原高寒稀疏植被区、高原高寒草甸草原区、高原高寒灌丛草甸区、高山深谷灌丛草甸区和高山深谷针叶林区5个自然带区域。②分区结果与中国生态地理区域划分的自然界线比较接近,相似性较高,分区结果较理想。 相似文献
13.
中国历史地理研究的新进展 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
以往五年间中国历史地理研究几乎在各个分支都取得了坚实的进步。《中国历史地图集》等图集的完成显示了历史地图编绘的成就。政区地理研究和地名考释论著丰富,但对其意义的认识尚显不足。人文地理研究处于起步阶段,必将成为最有希望、最繁荣的分支。自然地理研究较集中在气候、地貌、水文方面,深入挖掘文献资料与新手段的运用是必然的发展趋势。 相似文献
14.
Modelling gravel transport and morphology for the Fraser River Gravel Reach, British Columbia 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
A two-dimensional (2D) numerical hydrodynamic-morphological model is developed to investigate gravel transport and channel morphology in a large wandering gravel-bed river, the Fraser River Gravel Reach, in British Columbia, Canada. The model takes into count multi-fraction bedload transport, including the effects of surface coarsening, hiding and protrusion. Model outputs together with river discharge statistics were analyzed, producing distributed sediment budget and well-defined, localised zones of aggradation and degradation along the gravel reach. Long-term channel response to gravel extraction from aggrading zones as a flood hazard mitigation measure was also investigated numerically to assess the effectiveness of such an extraction. The total computed sediment budget agrees well with results based on field measurements of gravel transport available to us. This study points to the importance of a number of factors to bedload predictions: the gravel-to-sand ratio, the adequacy of resolving the wandering planform, and the distinction between bed shear stress driving bedload transport and bed resistance on the flow. These are in addition to the physical processes governing the flow field and gravel mobilization. The methodology presented in this paper can provide a scientific basis for gravel management including monitoring and extraction in order to maintain adequate flood protection and navigation, while preserving the ecosystem. 相似文献
15.
《The Professional geographer》2013,65(3):240-241
Based on interviews with corporate executives, this paper examines several decisions to locate pulp and paper mills in British Columbia during the 1960's and early 1970's. It emphasizes locational evaluations of regions, communities, and sites interpreted as parts of wider investment decision processes and longer-run corporate strategies. Relationships between initial locational decisions and post-locational assessments and adjustments are also identified. 相似文献
16.
Antecedent rainfall and short-term intense rainfall both contribute to the temporal occurrence of landslides in British Columbia. These two quantities can be extracted from the precipitation regimes simulated by climate models. This makes such models an attractive tool for use in the investigation of the effect of global warming on landslide frequencies.In order to provide some measure of the reliability of models used to address the landslide question, the present-day simulation of the antecedent precipitation and short-term rainfall using the daily data from the Canadian Centre for Climate Modelling and Analysis model (CGCM) is compared to observations along the south coast of British Columbia. This evaluation showed that the model was reasonably successful in simulating statistics of the antecedent rainfall but was less successful in simulating the short-term rainfall.The monthly mean precipitation data from an ensemble of 19 of the world's global climate models were available to study potential changes in landslide frequencies with global warming. Most of the models were used to produce simulations with three scenarios with different levels of prescribed greenhouse gas concentrations during the twenty-first century. The changes in the antecedent precipitation were computed from the resulting monthly and seasonal means. In order to deal with models' suspected difficulties in simulating the short-term precipitation and lack of daily data, a statistical procedure was used to relate the short-term precipitation to the monthly means.The qualitative model results agree reasonably well, and when averaged over all models and the three scenarios, the change in the antecedent precipitation is predicted to be about 10% and the change in the short-term precipitation about 6%. Because the antecedent precipitation and the short-term precipitation contribute to the occurrence of landslides, the results of this study support the prediction of increased landslide frequency along the British Columbia south coast during the twenty-first century. 相似文献
17.
Resource economies and neoliberal experimentation: the reform of industry and community in rural British Columbia 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
This paper argues that the current literature on neoliberalism in advanced capitalist societies has concentrated primarily on urban issues, and has thus failed to see resource economies and regions as theoretically significant sites of neoliberal reform. Using research from British Columbia, Canada, we argue that resource regions are often targets of intense neoliberal experimentation. The neoliberal project in British Columbia involves an extreme shift in state policy from a strong Fordist-Keynesian programme to recent efforts to 'liberate' corporate actors from non-market social and spatial obligations (to environment, labour and community). We argue that such policy shifts have exceptional consequences in resource regions due to strong and direct state influence in corporate-resource and community-level economies. We draw several theoretical lessons from this research for the mainstream literature on neoliberal reform. 相似文献
18.
19.
20.
中国沙漠化程度判定与分区初步研究 总被引：15，自引：2，他引：13
依据沙漠化发生发展的地域分异规律,遵循综合性、主导性和县域完整性原则,制定了包括沙漠化土地占地率等6个评价指标的沙漠化程度评价指标体系,建立了定量评价模型,利用最新数据对我国的沙漠化现有程度进行了程度判定与分区,共划分出8个轻度区、7个中度区和5个重度区。 相似文献