共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 31 毫秒
1.
Geomorphology of a beach-ridge complex and adjacent lake basins along the northern shore of Lake Michigan records fluctuations in the level of Lake Michigan for the last 8000 to 10 000 14C yr B.P. (radiocarbon years Before Present). A storm berm at 204.7–206 m (671.6–675.9 ft) exposed in a sandpit provides evidence of a pre-Chippewa Low lake level that is correlated with dropping water levels of Glacial Lake Algonquin (c. 10 300–10 100 14C yr B.P.). Radiocarbon dates from organic material exposed in a river cutbank and basal sediments from Elbow Lake, Mackinac Co., Michigan, indicate a maximum age of a highstand of Lake Michigan at 6900 14C yr B.P., which reached as high as 196.7 m (645 ft), during the early-Nipissing transgression of Lake Michigan. Basal radiocarbon dates from beach swales and a second lake site (Beaverhouse Lake, Mackinac Co.) provide geomorphic evidence for a subsequent highstand which reached 192.6 m (632 ft) at 5390±70 14C yr B.P.Basal radiocarbon dates from a transect of sediment cores, along with tree-ring data, and General Land Office Surveyor notes of a shipwreck, c. A.D. 1846, reveal a late-Holocene rate for isostatic rebound of 22.6 cm/100 radiocarbon years (0.74 ft/100 radiocarbon years) for the northern shore of Lake Michigan, relative to the Lake Michigan-Lake Huron outlet at Port Huron, Michigan. Changes in sediment stratigraphy, inter-ridge distance, and sediment accumulation rates document a mid- to late-Holocene retreat of the shoreline due to isostatic rebound. This regression sequence was punctuated by brief, periodic highstands, resulting in progressive development over the past 5400 14C yr of 75 pairs of dune ridges and swales each formed over an interval of approximately 72 years. Times of lake-level fluctuation were identified at 3900, 3200, and 1000 14C yr B.P. based on changes in inter-ridge spacing, shifts in the course of Millecoquins River, and reorientation of beach-ridge lineation. Soil type, dune development, and selected pollen data provide supporting evidence for this chronology. Late-Holocene beach-ridge development and lake-level fluctuations are related to a retreat of the dominant Pacific airmass and the convergence of the Arctic and Tropical airmasses resulting in predominantly meridional rather than zonal air flow across the Great Lakes region.This is the 13th in a series of papers published in this special AMQUA issue. These papers were presented at the 1994 meeting of the American Quaternary Association held 19–22 June, 1994, at the University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA. Dr Linda C. K. Shane served as guest editor for these papers. 相似文献
2.
Floating and grounded peat plateaus were studied in fens in the Yukon Territory (Canada). The peat deposit may be over 4 m thick and consists of a lower bed of aquatic peat overlain by humic fen peat, mesic fen peat and woody peat. Permafrost in the grounded peat plateaus is older than the 1200 year old White River Ash, whereas permafrost in the floating peat plateau is younger.Peat accumulation rates since 1200 years B.P. were greater in the fens (85–100 cm) than on the surface of the peat plateaus (25–55 cm). Where the peat plateau is free-floating, it will persist until the climate changes, causing the icy core to thaw. Where the peat plateau is frozen to the mineral substrate, it slowly drowns since the fen peat accumulates faster than the woody peat. This drowning results in degradation of the landform independently of the climate. Only degradation of floating peat plateaus can be used to identify climatic changes.This publication is the first paper in a series of papers presented at the session on Past Climatic Change and the Development of Peatlands at the ASLO and SWS Meetings in Edmonton, Canada, May 30–June 3, 1993. Dr. P. Kuhry and Dr S. C. Zoltai are serving as Guest Editors. 相似文献
3.
密山杨木3000多年来气候变化的泥炭记录 总被引：14，自引：0，他引：14
通过典型泥炭剖面孢粉分析,划出5个孢粉带。植被与气候变化过程:3400 a B.P.以前,喜温阔叶树占优势,为温暖偏干气候;3400～1940 a B.P.以松(Pinus)、云杉(Picea)、冷杉(Abies)为主的针阔叶混交林夹湿草甸,气候凉湿;1940～1090 a B.P.为针阔叶混交林,为温干气候;1090～545 a B.P.为阔叶占优势针阔叶混交林,为温湿气候;545 a B.P.至近代沼泽化草甸占优势,气候向冷干方向发展。通过孢粉、磁化率、有机质及考古与史籍记载互相印证,该剖面深143～125cm上部为公元初冷期;南北朝至隋唐时期气候,分别位于125～85cm和85～38cm深度。自3400 a B.P.以来,密山一带古代人类活动频繁,该区域隋唐时期文化遗址数量增加,在温暖气候环境下古代人类对林木获取量增加。 相似文献
4.
Two extensive peat deposits on Nordvestø, between Greenland and Canada, were examined for macroscopic remains of plants and animals. One of the peat deposits accumulated during the period from c. 7,100 to 5,100 cal. years BP. This peat is guanogenic and completely dominated by the coprophilous bryophyte Aplodon wormskioldii, and also contains frequent remains of feathers. The peat formed close to a large former sea bird colony, probably a puffin (Fratercula arctica) colony. Puffins are now rare in the region, but the population may have been larger during the mid Holocene, when the sea was ice-free for a longer period than at present. The other peat deposit is dated to c. 9,300–7,400 cal. years BP, it is minerogenic and the macrofossils reflect deposition in a shallow, richly vegetated pond. This peat formed during warmer summers than at present. 相似文献
5.
Lake Miragoane, Haiti is one of the largest, natural freshwater lakes in the Caribbean (A=7.06 km2, zmax=41.0 m, conductivity = 350 S cm–1). Lake waters are dominated by calcium and bicarbonate ions. The lake was thermally stratified, and oxygen profiles were clinograde during summer visits in 1983 and 1985. A 72-cm mud-water interface core was taken near the center of the lake and dated with 210Pb. The local 210Pb fallout rate is low (0.09 pCi cm–2 yr–1), about 20% of the global average. Bulk sedimentation rates ranged from 0.008 to 0.030 g cm–2 yr–1 during the past 130 years (0–8 cm depth). Sediment geochemistry and pollen have been analyzed in the topmost 58 cm of the section. Tentative ages were assigned to the core by extrapolation of 210Pb dates. According to this preliminary chronology, the bottom part of the core (58–30 cm) records pre-Columbian sedimentation (1000–500 B.P.) and contains pollen evidence of intact, dry and mesic forest. Pre-Columbian deposits are rich in organic matter (x = 30%) and relatively poor in carbonates (x = 15% as CO2). The top 30 cm of the core preserve the record since European contact (500 B.P. to present). Pollen data reveal two episodes of deforestation following European arrival. Consequent soil erosion is documented by a decrease in organic matter content (x = 15%) and an increase in carbonates (x = 27% as CO2). Surficial sediments reflect the widespread deforestation and soil loss that characterize the watershed today. 相似文献
6.
根据冲积物孢粉恢复冀北山地古植被的意义 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
冲积物是第四纪孢粉分析经常遇到的研究对象。冲积物孢粉研究表明,晚全新世以来,人类活动是影响冀北山地植被演变的主要因素。人类活动对白河流域森林植被的破坏可能较早;对潮河流域森林植被的破坏较晚。 相似文献
7.
Anthony Orr Clarke 《The Professional geographer》1983,35(2):178-183
A sequence of peat beds was deposited in a small sag pond along the Cucamonga fault zone during late Holocene. The stratigraphic section of this deposit is described; several beds have been radiocarbon dated. Comparison of radiometric and stratigraphic chronologies allows reconstruction of the geomorphic history of the sag pond, which extends back 3000 years, and establishes evidence that the fault has been active within the very recent geologic past. 相似文献
8.
9.
江汉平原9.0 ka B.P.以来的气候演化:来自江陵剖面沉积物记录 总被引：20，自引：19，他引：1
对2002年9月在荆州市江陵县发现的9 ka B.P.以来的江陵剖面进行14C测年、粒度、TOC、TN、δ13C、孢粉等综合分析,重建江汉平原江陵地区9 ka B.P.以来古气候古环境演化:9.0~6.07 ka B.P.为高温阶段,其间8.1 ka B.P.记录到一次较明显降温事件;6.07~4.60 ka B.P.为冷干期;4.60~3.44 ka B.P.间气候波动频繁,为全新世第二个暖湿期前期阶段;3.44~2.50 ka B.P.为高温期,湖沼泥炭发育,是全新世第二个暖湿期后期阶段,为稳定的暖湿阶段;2.50 ka B.P.以来温度相对较低,为冷期。江陵地区近9 ka B.P.以来气候变化不仅与国内大量研究资料相一致,且在许多较大气候事件上与世界许多研究结果一致,表明江陵气候变化具有全球性。 相似文献
10.
We examined the stratigraphic record of North Pond, a small, oligotrophic lake in western Massachusetts, U.S.A. to describe late and post-glacial watershed-lake interactions. In particular we investigated the effects of two similar vegetation changes in the watershed on lake biogeochemistry. There was a transient (about 100 years) decline in hemlock ca. 7500 yr B.P. that has not been recorded in other pollen stratigraphies in the northeast. The second event was the classical hemlock decline that occurred ca. 4800 yr B.P. and lasted about 2000 years. This decline occurred throughout the range of hemlock and is thought to have been caused by a pathogen. As the climate began to warm ca. 10 000 yr B.P., a spruce dominated boreal woodland was established in the watershed. Sediment chemistry data showed that as soils became more acidic, the lake also acidified as evidenced by diatom-inferred (DI) pH. Hemlock was established in the watershed by about 8000 yr B.P. This was accompanied by a slight decrease in DI pH. The transient hemlock decline ca. 7500 yr B.P. was associated with an increase in sedimentary charcoal particles, that suggested fire was responsible for its demise. The diatom stratigraphy indicated a brief, slight, increase in productivity and alkalinity and a brief decrease in lakewater dissolved organic carbon concentrations. Aquatic microfossil data indicated a decrease in the area of the littoral zone ca. 7500 yr B.P. Following the transient decline the lake became more acidic. There were only brief, subtle changes associated with the classical hemlock decline, including a slight decline in DI pH. Although the two disturbances involved a similar vegetation shift, the timing and mechanisms of the disturbances had a greater impact on lake biogeochemistry. 相似文献
11.
Five short pollen diagrams of soils from Jan Mayen, Norway: a testimony of a dynamic landscape 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
W. O. VAN DER KNAAP 《Polar research》1987,5(2):193-206
Five soil cores varying in length from 30 to 42 cm and seven surface samples were analysed for pollen and spores. The soil layers of four cores were probably formed through redeposition of other eroded soils. Only in the Batvika core is the organic fraction of probable local origin, and here a chronology could be established. A total long-distance pollen influx of 14-22.5 grains/cm2 /year was calculated. Nearly 2, 000 long-distance pollen grains were counted; the ratios of the dominant pollen types were calculated. Around Batvika the past environment was relatively stable; only one major shift in sedimentation environment is apparent from the diagram. In another diagram, expansion of Taraxacum species could be correlated with anthropogenic soil disturbance. The former presence of Lycopodium alpinum and Selaginella selaginoides on Jan Mayen is indicated by frequent spore finds; the latter species has not been found on the island before. Two unknown spore types are discussed. 相似文献
12.
Luigi Bruno Bruno Campo Andrea Di Martino Wan Hong Alessandro Amorosi 《Basin Research》2019,31(3):621-639
Peat horizons are characteristic features of delta plains worldwide. In this study, we tested the use of peat‐based correlations to assess the deformation of Holocene strata in the Po coastal plain (Northern Italy). The Holocene stratigraphy, about 30 km inland from the modern coastline consists of a peat‐bearing, estuarine and deltaic succession, up to 23 m thick. Through the analysis of 31 core data and 100 piezocone penetration tests, we identified and mapped three 10–40 cm‐thick peat layers (T1–T3) dated to 6.6–5.8, 5.5–5.0 and 3.3–2.7 cal kyr BP respectively. These peat horizons were found to be suitable stratigraphic markers within the Holocene succession over an area of about 200 km2. The mid‐late Holocene palaeogeography, reconstructed through high‐resolution peat correlation, supported by 72 radiocarbon dates, highlights a typical upper delta plain environment, with ribbon‐shaped distributary channels and swamp interdistributary areas. Peat layers are inclined towards E‐NE with gradients that increase downsection from ~0.016% (T3) to 0.021% (T1). The gradient of the oldest peat horizon is one order of magnitude larger than the slope of the modern delta plain (~0.0025%). We infer that peat horizons accumulated during periods of low sediment supply mainly controlled by autogenic processes and were deformed after deposition. Differential compaction of underlying sedimentary strata and recent tectonic activity of the buried Apenninic thrust systems are the most likely drivers of strata deformation. Based on isochore maps, we document that higher sedimentation rates in topographically depressed areas compensated, in part at least, the ongoing deformation, keeping unaltered the topographic gradient and the depositional environment. This study demonstrates that peat‐based correlation and mapping can shed lights on the mechanisms of strata accumulation and deformation in deltaic settings, constituting a robust basis for reconstructing delta evolution. 相似文献
13.
为了深入探讨珠江三角洲的沉积古环境和古气候历史,在三水市区获取了2个高取芯率的钻孔岩芯,进行了12个AMS 14C测年,并结合孢粉、硅藻等分析结果探讨三水地区全新世的海平面与河流水动力变化,以及古植被演替过程。结果表明：钻孔所在区域全新世沉积总体从9 000 cal. a B.P.左右开始,呈现河流相―河湾相―河口湾相―潮坪相―河口湾相―河漫滩相的演变过程。三水区的早全新世沉积阶段年代最早为9 000 cal. a B.P.左右,表现为河口湾相的淤泥质粉砂沉积,硅藻以淡水种类为主,最高沉积速率为1.6 cm/a。海侵初始时间为8 700 cal. a B.P.左右,最高海平面时间为7 600 cal. a B.P.左右,此时海岸带发育红树林,丘陵山地发育较茂盛的亚常绿热带常绿阔叶林;中―晚全新世阶段（6 500―2 200 cal. a B.P.）,以泥炭粉砂沉积为主,沉积速率为0.2~0.5 cm/a,河口区高潮线附近及河流弯道低洼滩地在5 000 cal. a B.P.前后形成淡水沼泽、河口三角洲边缘区洼地水松林发育。在晚全新世（2 200 cal. a B.P.左右）以来,陆相黏土质沉积指示河口泥沙快速堆积,三角洲平原迅速扩大,沉积速率高达1.7 cm/a。孢粉结果显示次生的芒箕孢子剧增,陆地植被稀疏,人类活动显著增强。 相似文献
14.
W. O. VAN DER KNAAP 《Polar research》1988,6(1):43-57
Skuamounds are peaty hillocks up to 70 cm high used by Arctic Skuas (Stercorarius parasiticus (L.)) for surveying their breeding territory. Well-developed skua-mounds in Svalbard can be considered as small guanogenic bogs', because the peat formation depends on manuring by birds and the water-table in the mound is higher than the surrounding tundra. Peat sections measuring 34 cm and 40 cm from two skuamounds from Edgeøya and Spitsbergen were radiocarbon dated and studied for pollen and spores. Peat formation on the two skua-mounds started c. 4500 calendar years ago. Concentration values of longdistance transported pollen were used to detect time gaps in the records. The time gap in the skua-mound from Spitsbergen was found to be considerably greater than in the skuamound from Edgeøya. Erosion has progressed considerably further on the Edgeøya skua-mound than on the skua-mound from Spitsbergen due to differences in hydrology: the peat of the former mound is dry and unfrozen in summer, whereas in the latter mound it is wet and frozen. Time gaps and erosion are probably associated with phases of decreased manuring by birds. At two levels in the Edgeøya skua-mound there is evidence of a climatic change towards cooler conditions, one being an early major climatic shift and the other a later minor climatic shift. A similar major climatic shift is associated with one level in the skuamound from Spitsbergen. 相似文献
15.
16.
Lake Ontario water levels have been rising for the past 11 500 years due to differential isostatic rebound of the St. Lawrence outlet. Small scale fluctuations in water level superimposed on this general trend have received little study, with the exception of the Nipissing Flood.The transgression of a Grenadier Pond was studied from cores along a transect from the bar that separates the pond from Lake Ontario to the marsh on the north shore. Radiocarbon dates of the transition from swamp peat to pond marl in five cores provide estimates of the rate of water level rise since 4230 years B.P. These estimates are supported by changes in sediment type and in abundance of pollen and seeds of aquatic plants. There were three short intervals of accelerated water level rise in Grenadier Pond, around 4200, 3000, and 2000 years B.P., when water levels rose up to 2 m instantaneously, within the resolution of radiocarbon dating. Sedimentological and paleobotanical data suggest that Grenadier Pond was an open embayment of Lake Ontario until 1970–1850 years B.P., when it was isolated by the bar, and therefore sediments deposited prior to this time reflect water levels in Lake Ontario.Short term departure of up to 2 m from the average rate of water level rise over the past 4000 years, as observed in the record at Grenadier Pond, is of the same range as historically observed departures from the mean lake stage of Lake Ontario. This implies that a threshold discharge exists above which broadening of the outflow channel occurs to accommodate further increase in discharge with little rise in lake level. The intervals of accelerated water level rise in Lake Ontario broadly coincide with periods of cool, wet climate, suggesting that increased moisture may have caused the short term fluctuations in water level.This is the second of a series of papers to be published by this journal that was presented in the paleolimnology sessions organized by R. B. Davis and H. Löffler for the XIIth Congress of the International Union for Quaternary Research (INQUA), which took place in Ottawa, Canada in August 1987. Drs. Davis and Löffler are serving as guest editors of this series. 相似文献
17.
海南岛近2500a来盘星藻记录的周期性气候变化 总被引：9，自引：2，他引：9
湖泊沉积物中盘星藻含量变化可以反映湖泊水环境特征，对海南岛双池玛珥湖沉积物中盘星藻的研究发现，热带湖泊盘星藻种类以浮游类单角盘星藻为主，其含量在最近2500a以来相当丰富，而且其数量浓度的变化与湖水深度关系密切。频谱分析结果表明，近两千多年来盘星藻含量存在一个主要周期和一个次要周期，分别为421a和218a，前者与湛江湖光岩的结果可以对比，而后者则与206a的宇宙核素周期(^14C和^10Pe)十分接近。 相似文献
18.
Kettle ponds in the Cape Cod National Seashore in southeastern Massachusetts differ in their evolution due to depth of the original ice block, the clay content of outwash in their drainage basins, and their siting in relation to geomorphic changes caused by sea-level rise, barrier beach formation, and saltmarsh development. Stratigraphic records of microfossil, carbon isotope, and sediment changes also document late-glacial and Holocene climatic changes.The ponds are separated into 3 groups, each of which follow different development scenarios. Group I ponds date from the late-glacial. They formed in clay-rich outwash, have perched aquifers and continuous lake sediment deposition. The earliest pollen and macrofossil assemblages in Group I pond sediments suggest tundra and spruce-willow parklands before 12 000 yr B.P., boreal forest between 12 000 and 10 500 yr B.P., bog/heath initiation and expansion during the Younger Dryas between 11 000 and 10 000 yr B.P., northern conifer forest between 10 500 and 9500 yr B.P., and establishment of the Cape oak and pitch pine barrens vegetation after 9500 yr B.P. Sedimentation rate changes suggest lowered freshwater levels between 9000 and 5000 yr B.P. caused by decreased precipitation on the Atlantic Coastal Plain. Lake sediment deposition began in the middle Holocene in Group II ponds which formed in clay-poor outwash. These ponds date from about 6000-5000 yr B.P. In these ponds sediment deposition began as sea level rose and the freshwater lens intersected the dry basins. The basal radiocarbon dates of these ponds and stable carbon isotope analyses of the pond sediments suggest a sea-level curve for Cape Cod Bay. Holocene topographic changes in upland and the landscape surrounding the ponds is reconstructed for this coastal area.Group III ponds in the late Holocene landscape of the Provincelands dunes originated as interdunal bogs about 1000 yr B.P. and became ponds more recently as water-levels increased. Peat formation in the Provincelands reflects climatic changes evident on both sides of the Atlantic region.This is the 8th in a series of papers published in this special AMQUA issue. These papers were presented at the 1994 meeting of the American Quaternary Association held 19–22 June, 1994, at the University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA. Dr Linda C. K. Shane served as guest editor for these papers. 相似文献
19.
The southern shore of Lake Michigan is the type area for many of ancestral Lake Michigan’s late Pleistocene lake phases, but
coastal deposits and features of the Algonquin phase of northern Lake Michigan, Lake Huron, and Lake Superior are not recognized
in the area. Isostatic rebound models suggest that Algonquin phase deposits should be 100 m or more below modern lake level.
A relict shoreline, however, exists along the lakeward margin of the Calumet Beach that was erosional west of Deep River and
depositional east of the river. For this post-Calumet shoreline, the elevation of basal foreshore deposits east of Deep River
and the base of the scarp west of Deep River indicate a slightly westward dipping water plane that is centered at ∼184 m above
mean sea level. Basal foreshore elevations also indicate that lake level fell ∼2 m during the development of the shoreline.
The pooled mean of radiocarbon dates from the surface of the peat below post-Calumet shoreline foreshore deposits indicate
that the lake transgressed over the peat at 10,560 ± 70 years B.P. Pollen assemblages from the peat are consistent with this
age. The elevation and age of the post-Calumet shoreline are similar to the Main Algonquin phase of Lake Huron. Recent isostatic
rebound models do not adequately address a high-elevation Algonquin-age shoreline along the southern shore of Lake Michigan,
but the Goldthwait (1908) hinge-line model does. 相似文献
20.
长江三角洲长江以北地区全新世以来人地关系的环境考古研究 总被引：14，自引：10，他引：14
通过长江三角洲长江以北地区高邮龙虬庄和海安青墩两个新石器时代考古遗址剖面粒度、磁化率、孢粉以及年代学测定，较为全面地分析了该区全新世以来生态环境变化与人类文明兴衰的相互关系，研究结果表明：在有人类活动以前，该区距离海洋较远，但受海面变化影响强烈。此后，气候向暖湿方向发展，7000—6000间的大西洋温暖湿润气候以及3700aB．P．左右期间，该区气候适宜，人类文明在这样的适宜气侯条件下得到长足发展。值得注意的是，海安青墩遗址剖面中出现厚达1m多的自然沉积地层，粒度分析以及孢粉分析表明，这一自然沉积地层是4000aB．P．以来的海侵事件所致，正是这次海侵事件，使研究区人类文明得以衰落。 相似文献