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1.
《Singapore journal of tropical geography》2018,39(3):364-381
This paper revisits the debate on marriage migration by highlighting the role of governing power and individual response in the process of migration decision‐making and post‐settlement of Vietnamese marriage migrant activist women in South Korea. It contributes to current marriage migration debates by employing the lens of ‘governmobility’ and ‘spatial capability’. The research looks at how female migrant activists maneuver coercion, resistance, and activism, both governed by nation‐state politics, but also actively deciding their fate amidst pressures of the global marriage market. Based on in‐depth interviews with 21 Vietnamese marriage migrant women who have worked in mentoring, counselling and translating for other Vietnamese migrants, our findings demonstrate that marriage migrants are positioned in between two nation‐states whose perspectival focus is on relieving the tensions of their own domestic job and marital markets. At the same time, these women have broken free from the inertia of socio‐familial status quo and state intervention to become self‐governing agents of mobility in various stages of their migration and adaptation. Fueled on by their position as activists, the marriage migrants then expand their spatial capability to place‐making—shifting the notion of freedom from simply taking part in mobility to reshaping their locale. 相似文献
2.
Rachel Silvey 《Singapore journal of tropical geography》2004,25(2):141-155
Recent research has begun to explore the dynamics of transnational migration from a feminist perspective, and studies of migrant domestic workers have played a prominent role in pushing forward this work. Emerging simultaneously, but largely separately, are explicit debates within geography about the politics of scale, the social construction of scale, and the gender dimensions of scale. This article develops an analysis of the gender politics of the production of scale, specifically, the ‘transnationalisation’ of Indonesian activist approaches to overseas migrant domestic workers' issues. Based on fieldwork in an Indonesian community in West Java that has recently become a sending area for migrants to Saudi Arabia and interviews with activists representing Indonesian migrant women, the article examines the various gender‐specific ways in which migrant women's rights activists construct and deploy the scales of the body, the nation and the transnational. It argues that activist approaches to migrant domestic workers' rights and the ways in which activists mobilise migrant women's narratives represent sophisticated feminist theoretical approaches to scale. By identifying and exploring the scale theory embedded in activist strategies, the analysis highlights the imbrication of feminist theory with practice, and underscores activists' agency in producing the meanings of specific scales. In so doing, the article is aimed more broadly at elaborating the ambivalent relationship between feminist activism/theory and transnationalism. 相似文献
3.
地方因素对流动人口城市融入的影响研究 总被引：11，自引：7，他引：4
利用东部和中部地区9个城市的流动人口问卷调查,采用多水平回归模型,分析了城市差异对流动人口城市融入的影响机制。研究发现：流动人口城市融入过程存在南北差异,并呈相同地域较接近的特征。城市区位、经济发展水平、以房租为代表的物价水平、以方言为主的地域文化、流动人口占比,社会保障的落实程度等地方因素,对流动人口城市融入产生显著影响,但城市人口规模影响不显著。地方因素对流动人口城市融入的影响效应是复杂的、多向的,即使同一因素既有积极的方面,也存在消极的方面。推动流动人口的城市融入,必须正视城市差异,因地制宜地提出包容性的社会政策。方言重的城市,尤其是这些城市的公共场所和公共办事窗口要推动普通话的普及,鼓励使用普通话;降低城市社会保障的准入门槛;房租高的城市,保障房建设要以公租房建设为主,把流动人口纳入公租房保障范围;要本着先易后难,同步推进的原则,优先推进省域内流动人口市民化,城镇化转移支付应向流动人口比例高的城市倾斜。 相似文献
4.
Ron Johnston 《Urban geography》2013,34(7):1064-1066
In this paper, we explore a “grassroots” neighborhood revitalization effort engendered at the national scale without regard to local geographies of race and class. Specifically, we examine the Harambee Great Neighborhood Initiative, convened by the well-known nonprofit Habitat for Humanity together with Milwaukee’s Local Initiatives Support Corporation, in Milwaukee, Wisconsin. Drawing from participant observation, analysis of print and digital media, volunteer surveys, and interviews with area residents and local nonprofit representatives, we demonstrate the ways in which the six-year program of planning and neighborhood development was conceived and driven by an extra-local nonprofit with significant blind spots to local and organizational politics of race and without sufficient collaboration with the Harambee community. Our analysis points to the importance of race in nonprofit governance and community revitalization efforts. Moreover, we contribute to urban geographic scholarship on nonprofit governance by examining the dynamics of privilege, inclusion, and exclusion as they relate to practices of engagement and volunteerism in nonlocal “grassroots” projects. 相似文献
5.
城中村休闲空间建设与本、外地人口之间的社区融合--以广州市石牌村为例 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
促进城中村本地人口与外来人口之间的社区融合是广州市城市发展需要解决的重要任务之一,休闲空间为社区居民提供了社会交往场所,理应成为促进社区融合的重要工具。广州市外来人口集中分布在“城中村”里,本文以广州市典型的“城中村”石牌村为例,通过广泛而深入的社会调查,试图分析“城中村”休闲空间建设在促进本地人口和外来人口之间的社区融合方面所起的作用。调研结果显示,“城中村”休闲设施建设有效地促进了本地人口内部和外来人口内部的社会融合,但由于各种制度约束和本地人口与外来人口心理和行为的差异等因素的影响,这些设施建设在促进外来人口与本地人口之间的社会融合等方面并未起到多大作用。因此,地方政府应加大“城中村”社区休闲设施建设,营造和谐的社区环境,同时大力提倡多元文化的并存发展,消除外来人口和本地人口之间的隔阂,让休闲场所真正成为促进本地人口与外地人口社会交往与社区融合的重要手段。 相似文献
6.
转型期北京社区公共空间对邻里交往的影响机理：本地居民与移民的对比分析 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
利用2017年北京市36个小区的居民问卷调查数据,并基于POI数据测量小区尺度上步行道、公园、交通站点、商业设施、学校5类公共空间与设施的可达性,采用结构方程模型考察社区公共空间对本地居民、外来移民邻里交往的不同影响作用和机理。研究发现,在城市转型与居住分异的背景下：典型公共空间（步行道、公园）在促进邻里交往的作用上不如交通站点、商业设施等准公共空间设施;相较于外来移民,本地居民的邻里交往水平更容易受到社区公共空间的影响。 相似文献
7.
2008年金融危机后东莞出现城市收缩现象,东莞城市政府出台了以户籍改革为核心的外来人口政策吸引人口定居、改善人口流失情况。然而,在政策实践中,不同特征人群对于外来人口政策的满意程度或有差异,但已有研究鲜有探讨这一问题。因此,文章从市民视角评价以户籍改革为核心的外来人口政策,重点对比未入户外来人口与已入户人口的政策满意度。基于2013年东莞外来人口工作生活的问卷调查数据,采用二元逻辑回归分析方法,探讨外来人口对于东莞城市政策的满意度及其影响因素。研究发现：全体外来人口中,高学历、没有因户口遇到教育/住房差别待遇、满意治安环境、参与公共政策制定的群体,对外来人口政策的满意度更高。对比未入户与已入户两类人群发现：已入户人群比未入户人群对于政策满意度更高;未入户人群对于住房、教育以及治安环境的关注更为明显;已入户人群则更为关注情感维度与社会融合。 相似文献
8.
转型期中国大城市流动人口的身份认同、特征与机制 总被引：8，自引：3，他引：5
采用2014年国家卫生计生委“流动人口社会融合及心理健康调查”专题数据,基于流动人口对城市和家乡的身份认同情况,结合多项分类Logistic模型等计量分析,探讨了流动人口身份认同的模式、特征及其主要影响因素。研究发现：①流动人口身份认同分为融合型、同化型、分离型和边缘型,总体上流动人口对流入地的城市身份认同较低;②除了个人因素以外,流动人口的身份认同还受到城市和家乡的双重影响,例如城市住房、社区类型、城市歧视感知、城市行为观念适应、乡愁情感以及家乡土地等因素;③存在从分离型到融合型、再到同化型的衍化路径,但部分流动人口会从分离型转化为边缘型;④ 同化型流动人口的心理健康水平和生活满意度高于其他类型流动人口。基于实证结果提出,在促进流动人口社会融合的制度设计中,需从城乡两个方面同时着手,并积极推进其实现身份认同上的同化。 相似文献
9.
Kanchana N. Ruwanpura 《Singapore journal of tropical geography》2008,29(3):325-340
The devastation caused by the 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami in Sri Lanka is represented as a ‘natural disaster’. Yet, the tsunami did not occur in a sociopolitical and historical vacuum. How people responded to the tsunami, the challenges of and attitudes to relocation and post‐tsunami livelihoods, were/are shaped by uneven development, social exclusion and ethnonationalist war. All these responses are embedded in structures of gender, caste, class, and ethnicity. The tsunami, thus, brought to the forefront preexisting inequalities, showing up complexities in the temporality of disasters. Drawn from fieldwork in two coastal areas in the Southern and Eastern provinces, this paper shows how gendered structures within the local political economy influenced the ways that institutional actors as well as the displaced communities and women initially devised livelihood strategies. These reactions show how place matters as much as preexisting gendered political economy conditions and reveal the complex ways in which women continue to mediate and negotiate everyday responses in the aftermath of a ‘natural’ disaster. 相似文献
10.
Karen Agutter 《The Australian geographer》2016,47(4):455-469
ABSTRACTThroughout Australia’s history, successive governments have lamented the clustering of non-English-speaking migrants in ‘ethnic enclaves’ or ‘ghettos’. From the early Chinatowns of the 1800s till today, urban concentrations of ethnic groups have raised concerns and fears in local populations and authorities alike, despite decades of international research which suggests that ethnic residential clusters actually aid long-term assimilation and adjustment. Many of the ethnic residential clusters in contemporary Australia have been claimed to be a direct consequence of the migrant hostels and reception centres which operated between 1948 and the 1990s. This paper traces migrant settlement patterns in South Australia in rich detail, revealing the complexities of lived experiences that shape migrant settlement decisions. Against the background of public and scholarly debates over ‘ethnic enclaves’, and drawing on quantitative and qualitative historical research on the lived experiences of former hostel migrants, it analyses how migrant hostels and reception centres contributed to the settlement experiences of diverse migrants. We conclude that migrant hostels were just one among various factors that led to the growth and maintenance of ethnic residential clusters. 相似文献
11.
以子女随迁的乡-城流动人口家庭为对象,基于2016年金华市区问卷调研数据,采用主成分分析和多元线性回归分析方法,辅以访谈数据,探讨其社会融入水平及其影响因素。研究发现：此类流动人口家庭的社会融入主要涉及子女教育、经济适应和心理融入3个维度,社会融入度总体处于中等水平,子女教育融入度最高,其次是经济适应,而心理融入度最低,且各维度内部差异较大。子女教育融入度虽高,但也存在难以进入公办学校的困境,缺乏自主选择学校的权利。政策层面虽降低了对流动人口的准入门槛,但在执行中由于资源有限、供需不匹配和宣传不到位等原因,福利制度仍以本地居民为主,流动家庭难以平等享受福利保障,造成严重的本外差异,心理融入度低。个人层面的性别和受教育程度,经济层面的职业和收入,教育层面的学校类型和教育支出等对社会融入均有显著影响。综合来看,与个体流动相比,子女随迁的家庭化迁移对流入地的需求更加多样化和复杂化,能否较好地提升子女受教育水平是其融入城市的首要考量,其次是经济和心理层面因素。 相似文献
12.
中国电子信息产业创新的集群网络模式与演化路径 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
流空间背景下,多空间尺度网络耦合对创新至关重要已达成学界共识。综合运用区位熵与社会网络分析,识别32个电子信息产业集群,进而基于1985—2015年合作申请发明专利数据,运用卡方检验和Infomap社区发现算法,借助Pajek和ArcGIS等软件,揭示中国电子信息产业创新合作空间模式,探讨创新网络空间组织演化规律。结果表明：① 中国电子信息产业创新合作呈现集群互联的模式,集群区域的创新主体更倾向于同本地和其他集群区域的创新主体合作,这与非集群区域的创新主体结网方式明显不同,印证了关系经济地理学者提出的全球集群网络论断。② 集群创新网络社区的空间组织从位于集群地理边界内,本地化特征显著,演化为超越集群地理边界,呈现等级差异明显的核心-边缘层级式特征,反映出地理邻近对集群主体创新结网影响程度的动态变化。 相似文献
13.
14.
近15年来国外居民健康的邻里影响研究进展——基于CiteSpace软件的可视化分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为了全面地分析国外居民健康的邻里影响研究新进展,基于CiteSpace可视化工具,分析Web of Science数据库中2002―2016年以来613篇主题为“居民健康的邻里影响”的文献,以揭示影响居民健康的重要环境因素,为中国健康城市规划提供依据。研究发现：1）近15年来国外居民健康的邻里影响研究关注度持续上升,研究主题集中,主要关注建成环境和社会环境2个方面;2）建成环境和社会环境一方面通过塑造居民交通出行方式、体育锻炼习惯、饮食习惯、生活态度以及心理状态等路径作用于居民健康,另一方面通过压力的累积、资源获取的受限等对健康产生影响;3）目前研究方法主要通过横向研究构建健康行为、相关疾病与环境要素之间的多元量化模型来实现,纵向研究较少。最后对中国居民健康的邻里影响研究提出3点建议。 相似文献
15.
基于对三峡库区外迁移民的实地调查数据,运用Logit模型方法分析了移民家庭决策者(即户主)个人特征、移民家庭特征、移民安置地社会关系和移民政策等相关因素对移民安置地适应性的影响。结果表明:移民家庭决策者的性别、年龄、受教育程度,家庭迁出人口数量、主要收入来源和人均收入等家庭特征,与当地居民的交往程度、与当地人通婚情况等社会关系特征,安置地区、安置区位、安置方式、后期扶持、职业培训等移民政策因素是影响移民适应性的显著因素。未来移民安稳政策的调整方向可以从优先加强对移民家庭户主的教育和职业能力提升、实现移民家庭的整体搬迁、积极引导移民与当地居民的社会交融,把优于迁出地社会经济水平的地区或区位作为移出安置区(点)、在安置方式上更加倾向于移民意愿、强化移民后期扶持的落实等方面着手。 相似文献
16.
Theresa Tufuor Chizu Sato 《Norsk geografisk tidsskrift. Norwegian journal of geography》2017,71(1):46-59
In recent decades there has been a large migration stream of single women from the north to Accra in Ghana. Existing studies have focused on young migrant women’s livelihood strategies in their place of destination. However, once-married women – divorced and widowed women and neglected wives – also migrate, and their motivations for migration are less known. Drawing on qualitative and quantitative methods, the authors investigate the effects of gender norms, age, marital status, socio-economic status, and position in households on women’s decisions to migrate. The results revealed that migrant women from resource-poor households, regardless of age, marital status and position in households, commonly cited a gain in autonomy as an important motivation for their migration. From a differentiated perspective, young unmarried women aspired to prepare themselves for often expensive religious marriage ceremonies, whereas once-married women invest in their children’s education and build their own housing. By paying attention to the effects of gender norms, age, marital status, socio-economic status, and position in households on women’s decisions to migrate, the study illuminates the contradictory ways in which their migration practices are both shaped by and shape gender ideologies in parts of contemporary northern Ghana. 相似文献
17.
Residential Satisfaction in China's Informal Settlements: A Case Study of Beijing,Shanghai, and Guangzhou 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
Zhigang Li 《Urban geography》2013,34(7):923-949
China's informal settlements—villages inside urbanized areas—are often characterized by local governments as dirty, chaotic, and dangerous places. This negative discourse inevitably leads to recommendations for demolition. A number of criteria have been invoked in state decisions regarding the demolition of informal settlements; however, rarely are these places evaluated from the residents’ perspective. This paper, following a long tradition of residential satisfaction research in Western nations, uses a household survey to examine this topic in the cities of Beijing, Shanghai, and Guangzhou. We find that local contexts not only matter, but may be the principal determinants of residential satisfaction. The residential satisfaction of village dwellers is not necessarily low, and most socioeconomic attributes are not statistically significant determinants of resident satisfaction. Migrants and low-income groups are not less satisfied than nonmigrants or middle-range income earners; the most important determinant is social attachment within the community. The perception of being excluded, or lacking neighborhood social attachment, significantly reduces residential satisfaction. No facilities can compensate for this negative exclusion factor. We conclude that demolishing informal settlements does not help to build a “harmonious society,” which is the purported goal of such programs. Removing the social and institutional barriers for migrant integration into the city is likely the most effective way to enhance residential satisfaction and neighborhood quality. 相似文献
18.
In-migration to popular ‘sea change’ and ‘tree change’ regions has produced conflicts between rural land users. In the Northern Rivers region of New South Wales, new residential developments have been built on much of what was previously prime agricultural land, while farmers (in particular, those negatively affected by the deregulation of the dairy industry) have sought to secure retirement incomes by subdividing land for sale. Although developers, local councils and individual farmers sometimes see eye to eye on the mutual benefits of in-migration and population growth, land use has none the less become the subject of a hotly contested local political battle. Conflicts occur at the interface of growing urban developments and surrounding farmland, with new residents finding the sights, sounds and smells of rural production intrusive. More generally, there is considerable concern that the best farmland in the region may be lost to urbanisation and rural residential subdivision. This paper discusses the results of a survey that collected opinions from local residents about the pressures on the region's land uses by in-migration, the future role of farmland as both an economic and cultural landscape, and views on proposed measures to protect prime farmland in the region. Results highlighted a strong and consistent ‘pro-farmland’ and ‘pro-protection’ attitude throughout the region, and across social groups. Yet, variations emerged when respondents were asked about why they attribute value to agricultural landscapes. For some, ‘economic’ values dominated, while for others, value was attributed in ways that reflected an emerging ethos of ‘localism’ and village lifestyle. Although values differed, a clear message from this study is that the population of Australia's pre-eminent ‘sea change’ region strongly support measures to curb urban development and the more destructive consequences of a dynamic property market. 相似文献
19.
转型期上海社会空间分异研究 总被引：75，自引：14，他引：61
采用2000年第五次全国人口普查数据库中居民委员会尺度的数据,对转型期上海城市空间重构与分异展开研究。存在6类社会区：计划经济时代建设的工人居住区、外来人口集中居住区、白领集中居住区、农民居住区、新建普通住宅居住区、离退休人员集中居住区。通过计算分异指数,发现当前上海存在严重的住房分异;但并不存在明显的以社会经济属性为基础的社会空间分异。造成这一现象的原因在于计划经济时代的历史以及仍然存在的大型企事业单位对住房的影响。中国城市目前的社会空间分异在程度上与西方城市还有根本的差异。 相似文献
20.
厦门常住人口社会分层实证分析与政策建议 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
外来人口是城市常住人口的重要组成部分,为社会经济的发展作出重要贡献。研究外来人口与本地人口的居住、就业特征和社会经济情况,探索常住人口内部分层现象及其成因,进一步分析人口政策,有助于消弭差异,实现社会融合,合理分配城市空间资源,促进不同社会阶层全面发展,构筑可持续的城市化进程。本文以厦门市为研究区,构建外来人口集中度指标,运用空间自相关和Logistic 模型,分析厦门市常住人口的居住分层特征。研究结果表明,外来人口在厦门市域范围内接近随机分布,具有经济导向性,并与第二产业规模显著相关。在城市核心区显示较强的空间聚集效应,与地价存在显著的空间相关性。Logistic 模型验证了本地居民与外来居民之间,在年龄,受教育程度,单位职务,房屋产权,居住面积和社会地位等方面都存在显著差异,尤其是以住房资源分化引起的居住分层最为严重,并影响了外来人口对自身社会地位的认同。这种分层会阻滞经济活力和可持续发展。为此,本文提出应以政策为导向,提高外来人口的居住效用,将外来人口的政策融入到城市的发展规划中。 相似文献