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1.
In the contemporary American urban renaissance, formerly fringe efforts to produce place, conducted by longtime residents and “urban pioneers” alike, now shape mainstream urbanism. Gardening and bicycling are constitutive of contemporary excitement about the city, representing the reinvigoration of the urban neighborhood following the depredations of suburbanization. This paper draws on research in California cities to offer a sympathetic critique of these leading edges of progressive urbanism, arguing that advocates’ overwhelming focus on the local creates a scalar mismatch between the horizon of political action and the problems they hope to address. Even as supporters of gardening and cycling understand themselves as implicitly allied with struggles for the right to the city, their work to produce local space is often blind to, and even complicit in, racialized dynamics of accumulation and exclusion that organize metropolises. The result is a progressive urbanism largely disconnected from broader left struggles for spatial justice. 相似文献
2.
以长沙市为例，建立由20 367个建筑体块以及水体、地形、道路等要素构成的城市三维模型，通过建设、环境、交通、服务、景观5个方面的20个指标的计算，对全市1 860个居住区的空间宜居程度进行综合分析。结果表明：长沙市居住区的空间宜居程度存在显著的空间差异，呈现出“西高东低”“一走廊三高地三低地”的空间特征。湘江沿岸“走廊”以及梅溪湖、松雅湖、洋湖周边区域“三高地”的空间宜居程度较高，中心城区则存在空间宜居程度最低的“三低地”。城市综合宜居程度与景观类指标、环境类指标呈空间正相关，建设类指标呈现“中心低、边缘高”现象，而交通类、服务类指标呈现“中心高、边缘低”现象。产生上述特征的主要原因在于：城市扩张与居住区建设速度过快，居住区对景观资源依赖性强，老旧小区搬迁改造推进缓慢，新建城区配套服务不足。应该从控制城市周边居住区的新建、推动旧城改造、加强景观营造、完善配套服务等方面进一步优化。 相似文献
3.
Derui Deng Shiyao Liu Lawrence Wallis Elizabeth Duncan 《The Australian geographer》2017,48(3):401-416
The introduction in 2014 of the first globally standardised sustainability metric for cities, ISO 37120, transformed the concept of scalability for sustainable city indicators. Our study uses original research involving producers and consumers of urban sustainability indicators (USIs), including ISO 37120, to review the current use of sustainability indicators (SIs) in Sydney and ascertain the use-value of internationally standardised USIs as perceived by professionals in the field. Our findings show that managers of cities use SIs in a variety of ways, yet links between SIs and organisational decision making are often weak. The cost of adaptation to a new indicator set may be prohibitive, especially for smaller city governments. Larger cities are seen to benefit more from international exposure and comparison. Highlighting ISO 37120 should be valued for the opportunity it presents for comparative learning regarding the nature of a sustainable city rather than its benchmarking potential. This article recommends that the process of achieving a sustainable city should be informed by ‘strong’ rather than ‘weak’ sustainability; in this regard ISO 37120 has potential for refinement. Further research is needed into determining aspects of city comparability and methods for linking USI data to government decision making in order to achieve sustainability outcomes. 相似文献
4.
ABSTRACTThe 21st century has been called the “century of the city” and compounded concerns that current development pathways were not sustainable. Calls for scholarship on urban sustainability among geographers cites strengths in the human-environment and urban subfields that positioned the discipline to make unique contributions to critical research needs. This special issue reflects on the contributions that geographers have made to urban sustainability scholarship. We observe that that integration across human-environment and urban subfields reflects broader bifurcations between social theory and spatial science traditions in geography. Piggy-backing on the rise of sustainability science, the emergence of urbanization science compels geographers to reflect upon the ways in which we are positioned to make unique contributions to those fields. We argue that those contributions should embrace systems thinking, empirically connect social constructs to biophysical patterns and processes, and use the city as a laboratory to generate new theories. 相似文献
5.
The literatures on urban forestry, environmental justice, and Marxist urban political ecology are considered through empirical attention to the localized racial and ethnic politics which spatially differentiate urban socio-natural landscapes. In the American Southwest, urban landscapes reflect a history in which Anglo Whites were able to distance themselves from spaces of production while gaining access to superior residences and environmental amenities in spaces of reproduction; ethnoracially marginalized Others were treated as necessary yet disfavored populations, thus constituting a segregated mode of production. In this study, we investigate the association between tree canopy cover and the location of urban ethnic minority populations with a focus on the arid Southern High Plains city of Lubbock, Texas. Using data from color infrared aerial photography and block-group demographic indicators from the 2010 US Census, we analyze the city’s arboreal landscape with a mix of methods—hierarchical regression, archival research, and field observation. Results confirm that a lack of tree cover in minority neighborhoods is a symptom of broader environmental inequalities in which contemporary segregation patterns reflect a history of residential and land-use zoning with the socio-natural relations of planting and sustaining urban trees. 相似文献
6.
大连居民的城市宜居性评价 总被引：17，自引：2，他引：15
以2006 年大连市大规模调查问卷为基础数据, 运用数理统计和GIS 分析手段, 从“居住安全性”、“生活方便性”、“居住舒适性”、“出行便利性” 和“环境健康性” 五大类指标出发, 首先, 对大连的城市宜居性的综合水平和各要素进行了评价; 其次, 研究了宜居性评 价结果与居民的收入、家庭构成、学历、年龄、性别等社会经济属性特征之间的相关关系;然后, 按照居民的四类社会属性, 利用聚类分析方法, 研究了大连工薪阶层、年轻白领、低收入阶层和年轻打工族等四类人群对城市宜居性的评价差异, 其中, 拥有高收入和高学历的工薪阶层和年轻白领对大连的宜居现状满意;低收入阶层和年轻打工族收入偏低, 居住区主要位于市郊和老工业区等, 对大连的宜居性评价较低。 相似文献
7.
Sarah Barns 《Urban geography》2016,37(4):554-571
Investment in the release of open data has become increasingly central to the implementation of smart city programs by governments around the world. Though originally arising out of a push towards “open government” and the pursuit of more transparent decision-making by public authorities at multiple scales, open data programs have more recently been adopted by municipal governments to support entrepreneurial goals of enhanced competitive positioning and attracting investment. As urban scholars now subject the smart city project to critical scrutiny for its role in advancing urban entrepreneurialism, this article considers the relevance of the open data agenda as it shapes wider understandings of the smart city. In particular, I address the collection of policy practices, aspirations, stakeholders and entrepreneurs active in framing the opportunities and values of open data for urban governments. Both the momentum of support for open data, along with a recent shift in the rhetorical aspirations of the open data movement away from the values of openness and transparency and towards a more confined focus on value generation, raise important critical questions for urban geographers concerned with the nature of urban governance in an age of big data. 相似文献
8.
Natalie Koch 《Urban geography》2013,34(8):1118-1139
Planners around the Arab Gulf states are increasingly drawing on narratives about “urban sustainability,” despite the fact that the explosive growth of urban centers in the Arabian desert largely defies the logic of sustainability. In this article, I consider how and with what effect these narratives have been deployed by various actors in Doha, Qatar. Eschewing a simple economistic reading, I highlight political geographic context and analyze how actors mobilize and rework these discourses. Drawing on mixed-methods fieldwork in Fall 2013, I illustrate how sustainability narratives are mobilized together with nationalist tropes about modernizing Qatar and building up the country’s international prestige, while preserving local traditions and culture through the built environment. With a focus on recent efforts to green Doha, this analysis sheds light on the disciplining function of nationalist discourses in the production and constitution of what it means to label development practices “green” in contemporary Qatar. 相似文献
9.
Samuel Walker 《Urban geography》2016,37(2):163-182
Both Vancouver, British Columbia, and Detroit, Michigan, have significant and growing urban agriculture movements. In this article, I follow recent work investigating the connection between urban agriculture and neoliberalization to determine how these local governments have used urban agriculture in narratives of economic development to selectively pursue a sustainability fix. I analyze how different regimes of local governance have influenced the urban agriculture movements, leading to local, hybridized fixes that adapt to different material and discursive contexts in each place. I argue that in both cities, urban agriculture has radical potential as a grassroots response to economic and environmental injustice, but has also been enrolled as a device by the local state in which the primary goal of sustainability planning becomes enhanced economic competitiveness. Pursuing an agenda of food justice requires examining the larger context and effects of municipal involvement with food movements. 相似文献
10.
广州城市可持续发展的综合评价 总被引：109，自引：4，他引：109
广州自改革开放以来取得了引人瞩目的成就，但在城市经济迅速发展的同时，城市环境则出现了不同程度的衰减，伴随着社会发展也相对滞后。因此，从可持续发展的角度出发，采用定量的方法综合评价广州自改革开放以来17年的发展，发现广州市可持续发展阶段正向高级化演进，城市环境、经济和社会发展变化存在着明显的不同步性，并呈弱可持续发展状态，但城市总体可持续发展逐步得到增强。 相似文献
11.
城市标度律及应用 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
城市标度律刻画了城市系统某一指标和人口规模的幂函数缩放关系,包括超线性（社会交互类指标）、次线性（基础设施类指标）和线性（个人需求类指标）3种标度关系。本文从城市标度律的验证、解释、应用和质疑4个方面总结梳理了2007—2020年间的研究进展,重点分析了城市标度律和城市时序发展的异速增长律的明显差异,单个城市时序发展不会遵循城市系统的截面标度律。城市规模修正指标为更加客观地评价城市表现提供了新思路。考虑城市规模效应后,2017年中国经济产出效率较高的城市主要位于东南沿海、长江中游和新疆,而东北和中原地区城市经济产出效率较低。城市标度律的机制解释、城市系统动态演化模型和城市内部标度律是未来值得关注的研究方向。 相似文献
12.
Afton Halloran Jakob Magid 《Geografisk tidskrift / udgivet af Bestyrelsen for Det Kongelige danske geografiske selskab》2013,113(2):121-132
As a multifunctional activity and land use, urban agriculture supports a range of objectives, from urban greening to food security. However, it is often left out of urban policy. As a result of the highly contextual and cross-cutting nature of urban agriculture, there are relatively few comprehensive and formalized regulatory tools to draw from. Different cities around the world are now deciding how to fit urban agriculture into the urban agenda; however, in many places urban agriculture continues to operate in the absence of legitimization due to its relatively mobile and dynamic nature. This article looks at the importance of local and central governments in promoting sustainable urban agriculture. Through participatory action research, it examines the cases of Dar es Salaam, Tanzania and Copenhagen, Denmark to understand stakeholder interactions, as well as present and future barriers to the conservation of existing urban agriculture and future initiatives. The findings suggest that municipal recognition and institutional support for urban agriculture is an important component in increasing the sustainability of related initiatives. Local and central government plays a role in the legitimization and institutionalization of urban agriculture through the facilitation of multi-stakeholder processes, policy development and the conservation and allocation of land. 相似文献
13.
大连城市居住适宜性的空间评价 总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8
为创造更好、更适宜人们居住、生活和工作的空间,不断提高市民的生活质量,选择城市的生活方便性、健康性、居住安全性、环境舒适度和出行方便性等为指标,在问卷调查量化数据的基础上,采用层次分析法和Q型聚类分析方法,从行政区和不同功能片区两个角度,进行了大连城市居住适宜性空间评价,以期为大连城市建设提供参考。研究表明:大连城市居住适宜性以位于市区政治经济商业中心的区域得分最高,西、北部市郊结合部排名最后,部分远郊区宜居性虽然较好,但各指标分值差异却很大。总体而言,大连城市宜居性在空间格局上体现出由中心城区向外围逐渐降低、差异程度变大的特性,该空间特征分析结论与行政区评价结果具有很好的一致性。 相似文献
14.
ABSTRACT. In this article we explore the relationships between public parks and a broad interpretation of sustainability, taking as a case study the city of Barcelona, Spain. Recent official discourses in Barcelona insist on sustainability as one of the fundamental assets of public parks. Yet whether these urban artifacts actually contribute to sustainability objectives in environmental and social terms remains to be examined. We compare two public parks in Barcelona‐the Parc Joan Miró (1983), and the Parc de Diagonal Mar (2002)–and show how, in the former, the integration of the social, political, and environmental dimensions of sustainability was largely achieved, whereas in the latter, only the environmental dimension appears to have been considered. 相似文献
15.
Portland, Oregon, is renowned as a paradigmatic “sustainable city.” Yet, despite popular conceptions of the city as a progressive ecotopia and the accolades of planners seeking to emulate its innovations, Portland’s sustainability successes are inequitably distributed. Drawing on census data, popular media, newspaper archives, city planning documents, and secondary source histories, we attempt to elucidate the structural origins of Portland’s “uneven development,” exploring how and why the urban core of this paragon of sustainability has become more White and affluent while its outer eastside has become more diverse and poor. We explain how a “sustainability fix”—in this case, green investment in the city’s core—ultimately contributed to the demarcation of racialized poverty along 82nd Avenue, a major north–south arterial marking the boundary of East Portland. Our account of structural processes taking place at multiple scales contributes to a growing body of literature on eco-gentrification and displacement and inner-ring suburban change while empirically demonstrating how Portland’s advances in sustainability have come at the cost of East Portland’s devaluation. Our “30,000 foot” perspective reveals systemic patterns that might then guide more fine-grained analyses of particular political-socio-cultural processes, while providing cautionary insights into current efforts to extend the city’s sustainability initiatives using the same green development model. 相似文献
16.
Urban growth and shrinkage constitute the overall pattern of growing urbanization across the globe.Studies on urban vacant land(UVL)are few,and have proved to be mainly rudimentary and subjective.This paper first presents the definition of UVL based on bibliometric analysis.Typology,morphology,proximate causes,and the multiple functions of UVL are then analyzed at parcel,transect,city,and national levels based on an international review.Results show that UVL can be categorized by land cover,land usage,and land ownership.Worldwide,UVL has been widespread and extensive.For example,the occurrence probabilities of UVL in the cases of Guangzhou and New York are 8.46%-8.88%and 3.17%-5.08%,respectively.The average vacancy rate of residential land amounts to 11.48%in 65 U.S.cities.Generally,UVL shows fragmentation and irregular shape,and significant spatial differences exist at parcel,transect,city,and national levels.Proximate causes,such as excessive land division,irregularly shaped land parcels,decreases in resident population,deindustrialization,land speculation,insufficient investment,and environmental concerns,can all result in UVL.Currently,UVL has become a gray area of social,economic,and ecological space.However,it can also be considered a potential resource for enhancing urban sustainability.Policy implications to promote urban sustainability using monitoring,control,and differential revitalization of UVL are presented. 相似文献
17.
《The Journal of geography》2012,111(4):154-165
Abstract Conventional geographical approaches to the city tend to place the study of urban form and urban space squarely within the political-economic and cultural branches of geography. Geographic pedagogy has tended to assume, therefore, that nature is absent from the city or exists only as a backdrop or stage on which urban economic and cultural activities take place. In contrast, there has been a recent groundswell of interest—originating in places as diverse as environmental activism, environmental history, landscape architecture, and environmental education—in reinterpreting the city as a space intimately connected with nature. This article examines the possibilities for integrating this rethinking of the relationship between city and nature into undergraduate education. Specifically, it outlines the rationale, objectives, and design of a course on urban ecology and examines the benefits and challenges of doing urban ecology as part of geographic education. 相似文献
18.
Tools that support public engagement with sustainability are essential for local sustainability planning. This research investigates the ability of two geographic information system (GIS)-based tools to promote discussion of sustainability in a suburban context. A local ecological footprint tool and a community environmental atlas (an environmentally themed online mapping system) were created for seven suburban boroughs of Montreal. Variations of both tools have been used to support sustainability efforts, but their use has not been widely evaluated. Working from a public participation GIS (PPGIS) framework that recognizes the powerful influence of data representation, this research uses focus groups to evaluate how well these tools address three criteria that have emerged from the literature on public engagement in sustainability: interdependency across systems, reflexivity about personal and social decision making, and interactions across spatial scales. Whereas the atlas remains advantageous for discussing local spatial specifics, it was found that the ecological footprint helped people see the interconnections among systems, integrate local and global aspects of sustainability, and reflect on the values and assumptions underlying current social and economic structures. 相似文献
19.
转型期城市居住用地更新的空间加密化研究——广州市金花街改造再考 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
选择具有代表性的广州市金花街改造项目（1988~2003年）为案例研究对象,分析了政府主导下改造方案的调整过程和改造空间特征,探讨居民诉求和政府旧改政策对旧城空间的影响。研究表明：金花街居民的原地安置诉求和城市政府依此设计的以民生为导向的改造安排,乃是影响旧城空间的重要原因;在准市场化融资方式和福利化拆迁安置方式下,城市政府提出的有关提供公共服务设施、解决居民临时安置问题和让居民原地安置的要求,使改造规划多次提高改造容积率,以保持改造经济平衡;改造后的金花街在房屋和人口两个维度呈现空间加密化的态势,即存在原地安置房叠加融资商品房、原地安置居民叠加购房迁入居民的社会空间现象,金花街改造并未出现以外来中产人口大规模替代原住低收入人口为基本特征的绅士化过程。最后,从引入转让开发权和鼓励微改造两方面对当前广州的旧城改造提出政策建议。 相似文献
20.
Assessing green gentrification in historically disenfranchised neighborhoods: a longitudinal and spatial analysis of Barcelona 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
Isabelle Anguelovski James J. T. Connolly Laia Masip Hamil Pearsall 《Urban geography》2018,39(3):458-491
To date, little is known about the extent to which the creation of municipal green spaces over an entire city addresses social or racial inequalities in the distribution of environmental amenities – or whether such an agenda creates contributes to green gentrification. In this study, we evaluate the effects of creating 18 green spaces in socially vulnerable neighborhoods of Barcelona during the 1990s and early 2000s. We examined the evolution over time of six socio-demographic gentrification indicators in the areas close to green spaces in comparison with the entire districts. Our results indicate that new parks in the old town and formerly industrialized neighborhoods seem to have experienced green gentrification. In contrast, most economically depressed areas and working-class neighborhoods with less desirable housing stock and more isolated from the city center gained vulnerable residents as they became greener, indicating a possible redistribution and greater concentration of vulnerable residents through the city. 相似文献