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1.
Biogeomorphological influence of slope processes and sedimentology on vascular talus vegetation in the southern Cascades, California 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Francisco L. Pérez 《Geomorphology》2012,138(1):29-48
The vascular vegetation of alpine talus slopes between 2035 and 3095 m altitude was studied at Lassen Volcanic National Park (California) in the Cascade Range. Taluses show a diverse flora, with 79 plant species; growth forms include coniferous trees, shrubs, suffrutices, herbs, graminoids, and ferns. Spatial patterns of plant distribution were studied along 40 point-intercept transects. Plant cover was low (0-32.7%) on all slopes, spatially variable, and showed no consistent trends. Sedimentological characteristics were determined by photosieving next to 1500 plants; this census indicated preferential plant growth on blocks and cobbles, with 43.2% and 23.3% of the plants growing on these stones, respectively; fewer specimens were rooted on pebbles (13%) or on stone-free gravel areas (20.5%). Growth forms displayed different substrate preferences: 92.5% of the shrubs and 83% of the suffrutices colonized blocks or cobbles, but only 57.2% of the herbs and 59.8% of the graminoids grew on large stones. Plants are associated with large clasts because (1) coarse talus is more stable than fine sediment areas, which are more frequently disturbed by various geomorphic processes, and (2) large stones help conserve substrate water beneath them while moisture quickly evaporates from fine debris.Root patterns were studied for 30 plant species; 10 specimens for each species were excavated and inspected, and several root growth ratios calculated. All species exhibited pronounced root asymmetry, as roots for most plants grew upslope from their shoot base. For 23 species, all specimens had 100% of their roots growing upslope; for the other 7 species, 92.2-99.3% of below-ground biomass extended uphill. This uneven root distribution is ascribed to continual substrate instability and resulting talus shift; as cascading debris progressively buries roots and stems, plants are gradually pushed and/or stretched downhill. Various disturbance events affect root development. Slope erosion following rubble removal often exposes plant roots. Debris deposition can completely bury plants; some may survive sedimentation, producing new shoots that grow through accumulated debris. Shrubs may propagate by layering, as adventitious roots develop along buried stems; or produce new clones along their roots. Slope processes may damage and transport plant pieces downhill; some species can sprout from severed, displaced root or stem fragments. Vegetation interacts with several geomorphic processes, including debris flows, grain flows, rockfall, snow avalanches, frost creep, and runoff. Larger plants may alter local patterns of debris movement and deposition, damming cascading debris on their upslope side and deflecting sediments laterally to plant margins, where they form narrow elongated stone stripes. 相似文献
2.
珠海荷包岛植被资源及其开发利用 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
本文在多次实地调查基础上，对珠海荷包岛的自然环境条件、植被类型和资源植物等作了较详细的阐述，并根据本岛旅游资源丰富，自然林面积在等特性，提出建立海岛森林公园，达到保护和发展植被资源的目的。 相似文献
3.
伏牛山和鸡公山自然保护区植物区系比较 总被引：28，自引：0，他引：28
比较研究了河南省内伏牛山和鸡公山两个自然保护区的植物区系,并计算了两地植物相似性系数。研究发现两地植物区系具有一定的相似性,但也存在一定的差异。伏牛山的植物区系整体上的过渡性更强,与华中区和华北区的联系比较紧密,既有热带、亚热带分布种,北温带分布种也占有一定的地位。鸡公山更趋近于北亚热带植物区系。 相似文献
4.
J. Escs C. L. Alados F. I. Pugnaire J. Puigdefbregas J. Emlen 《Journal of Arid Environments》2000,45(4):325
This paper investigates allocation of energy to mechanisms that generate and preserve architectural forms (i.e. developmental stability, complexity of branching patterns) and productivity (growth and reproduction) in response to environmental disturbances (i.e. grazing and resource availability). The statistical error in translational symmetry was used to detect random intra-individual variability during development. This can be thought of as a measure of developmental instability caused by stress. Additionally, we use changes in fractal complexity and shoot distribution of branch structures as an alternate indicator of stress. These methods were applied to Anthyllis cytisoides L., a semi-arid environment shrub, to ascertain the effect of grazing and slope exposure on developmental traits in a 2×2 factorial design. The results show that A. cytisoides maintains developmental stability at the expense of productivity. Anthyllis cytisoides was developmentally more stable when grazed and when on south-facing, as opposed to north-facing slopes. On the contrary, shoot length, leaf area, fractal dimension and reproductive-to-vegetative allocation ratio were larger in north- than in south-facing slopes. As a consequence, under extreme xeric conditions, shrub mortality increased in north-facing slopes, especially when not grazed. The removal of transpiring area and the reduction of plant competition favoured developmental stability and survival in grazed plants. Differences between grazed and ungrazed plants were most evident in more mesic (north-facing) areas. 相似文献
5.
HIROYUKI OBANAWA YUICHI S. HAYAKAWA YUKINORI MATSUKURA 《Geografiska Annaler: Series A, Physical Geography》2009,91(4):269-278
On the basis of a space–time substitution, rates of cliff retreat and talus development overthe pasttens ofthousands of years were quantified for valley‐side slopes along the Shomyo River with a known rate of waterfall recession. Detailed profiles of the valley‐side slopes were obtained at 19 sites along the river by map reading and field survey, and the morphologic characteristics of the slopes were then measured. By combining the locations of the slopes with the recession rate of Shomyo Falls, it is estimated that the growth rate of the talus slope is 3.9–7.2 mm/yr, the rate of decline of the cliff is 2.0–4.0 × 10?4 deg/yr, and the retreat rate of the cliff top is 6.2–11.6 mm/yr. 相似文献
6.
阿拉善高原荒漠植被组成分布特征及其环境解释:Ⅱ.C_4植物组成、分布特征与环境的关系 总被引：5，自引：5，他引：0
研究了阿拉善典型干旱荒漠植被区C4植物的组成特征、空间分布及其与环境因子的相关性。发现C4植物主要集中在藜科(Chenopodiaceae)和禾本科(Gramineae),生活型以一、二年生草本为主,占到70%以上;旱生和旱中生C4植物所占比例较大,达到48.89%,其区系成分以世界成分、亚洲中部成分和古地中海成分为主。C4植物分布特征表现出不同的规律性:在垂直地带分布上与温度呈正相关关系、与降雨呈负相关关系;在水平经度地带分布上主要与降水呈正相关关系,与温度无显著相关,尤其是在极端高温、干旱(主要是额济纳戈壁荒漠区)地区,C4植物的生存受到了限制。这一结果对于揭示阿拉善地区C4植物的水分利用效率,及其与降水资源的空间分布之间的关系提供了一定的理论解释。 相似文献
7.
调查的基础L，统计了太岳山种子植物有97科、316属、575种（含变种），分析了该区系的主要特征，即植物区系地理成分复杂，温带成分占优势；植物资源种类丰富，区系起源古老；植物区系具明显的过渡性；植被类型复杂，具明显的垂直分布．对该区野生经济植物进行了分类统计，为植物资源合理利用与生物多样性保护提供了基础资料穹科学依据． 相似文献
8.
遥感和GIS支持下的云南省退耕还林还草决策分析 总被引：52，自引：4，他引：52
以云南省为例，探讨利用地理信息系统技术来确定需要退耕还林还草的耕地数量及其空间分布，其中包括4个步骤，首行,建立土地利用，土壤侵蚀，坡度，植被指数，水体，降雨和温度等数据库，其次，从土地利用数据库中提取旱地的数据，并与坡度数据，土壤侵蚀数据，植被指数数据进行叠架分析，对水体建立缓冲区，并与耕地数据进行叠加分析，再次，退耕还林还草的原则，并在GIS的支持下，确定需要退耕还林还草的空间分布及其面积，最后，利用降雨和温度数据进一步确定分别退耕还林和还草的空间分布及其面积，研究结果可以为云南省的生态环境建设提供科学的依据。 相似文献
9.
分析了丰宁试验区植物区系、植被类型、植物资源及其利用状况后认为：丰宁试验区植物区系成份具有内蒙古草原植物区系成份的特点。但植被类型较复杂、植物种类组成较丰富、特别是具有一些天然林类型。此外，在区系植物组成中蔷薇科植物的地位突出，而藜科植物的地位降低，说明植被也有明显的过渡特征。可供利用的植物资源如观赏植物、药用植物和牧草资源较丰富，具有开发潜力。但由于超载过牧，导致９０％以上的草地退化，退化程度主要以轻度和中度为主，退化形式主要是河滩草甸盐渍化，丘陵缓坡草地沙质化，山地草地砾质化。 相似文献
10.
西鄂尔多斯维管植物区系特征分析 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
通过在西鄂尔多斯地区几年的植物标本采集以及参考前人对该地区植物名录的记载,对西鄂尔多斯地区野生维管植物种类组成、生活型、水分生态类型及植物区系地理成分进行了分析研究。结果表明:①西鄂尔多斯地区的野生维管植物共有64科、215属、433种;②植物的生活型以多年生草本为主,占52.66%,其他为乔木占0.69%、灌木占14.09%、半灌木占6.93%、一或二年生草本占24.25%、草质藤本占0.92%,类短命植物占0.46%;③植物的水分生态类型以旱生（包括强旱生、旱生和中旱生）为主,占49.42%,中生植物（包括旱中生、中生、湿中生）占47.58%,湿生植物占1.85%,水生植物仅占1.15%;④西鄂尔多斯地区植物区系地理成分组成复杂多样,在温带区系性质为主体的背景下,受欧亚草原区系、东亚森林区系、亚洲中部荒漠区系及古地中海区系的影响。 相似文献
11.
Hugh H. Mills 《自然地理学》2013,34(3):253-261
Although the question of whether tilted trees indicate hillslope instability has been discussed by previous authors, few systematic measurements have been made. In Giles County, Virginia, tree-tilt measurements were made on 30 trees at each of seven sites. Sites included topographic noses, side slopes, boulder streams, and talus, with slope angles ranging from 6° to 39°. Trees on steep boulder streams are tilted more than those on noses or side slopes with comparable slope angles, but this difference could result from a difference in tree types. On one very steep (39°) fine-grained talus, however, tilt of all types of trees is great, the average tilt from the vertical being 29.1°. Tilt at this location probably reflects slope instability, although evidence suggests that this instability is not simple creep. In a second study, calculations were made of the importance of tree fall for hillslope erosion. The volumes of all tree-fall pits within a 4-hectare area on a steep shale nose were measured, and, using assumptions of previous workers, an erosion rate of 13 mm/1000 yr was calculated. This value is an order of magnitude lower than one value reported previously. 相似文献
12.
The distribution of plant species and relationships between species and soil factors in the east central part of Gurbantunggut Desert was studied to provide more insight into the flora and determine differences in vegetation across various parts of the desert. Two-way Cluster Analysis showed that the vegetation in the area could be divided into three groups, the first group was dominated by the shrub species, Ephedra przewalskii and the grass species, Carex physodes mainly in areas of flat grounds and gentle slopes; the second group was dominated by C. physodes, Artemisia songorica and A. xerophytica mainly on the slope of sand dunes and the third group was dominated by the shrub species, Haloxylon persicum mainly on the top of sand dunes. There was no difference in plant density between Groups 1 and 2 but there was a significant decrease in Group 3. Soil water under vegetation Group 3 was much lower than that in the other two groups at all soil depths. The EC, organic matter, total P and soluble Na, Ca and Mg varied very similarly with soil water. Canonical correspondence analysis(CCA) satisfactorily assessed the species-soil relations in the area. The distribution of plant species was strongly correlated with the soil factors of water content, organic matter, EC and nutrients. The variations in species occurrence explained by the three CCA axes were about 70%, indicating that some explanatory site variables may exist outside our studied parameters. Soil texture is suggested to be included in future studies to improve the explanation of CCA. 相似文献
13.
Distribution of plant species and species-soil relationship in the east central Gurbantunggut Desert,China 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
AN Ping LI Xiangjun ZHENG Yuanrun ENEJI A. Egrinya QIMAN Yunus ZHENG Mingqing INANAGA Shinobu 《地理学报》2015,25(1):101-112
The distribution of plant species and relationships between species and soil factors in the east central part of Gurbantunggut Desert was studied to provide more insight into the flora and determine differences in vegetation across various parts of the desert. Two-way Cluster Analysis showed that the vegetation in the area could be divided into three groups, the first group was dominated by the shrub species, Ephedra przewalskii and the grass species, Carex physodes mainly in areas of flat grounds and gentle slopes; the second group was dominated by C. physodes, Artemisia songorica and A. xerophytica mainly on the slope of sand dunes and the third group was dominated by the shrub species, Haloxylon persicum mainly on the top of sand dunes. There was no difference in plant density between Groups 1 and 2 but there was a significant decrease in Group 3. Soil water under vegetation Group 3 was much lower than that in the other two groups at all soil depths. The EC, organic matter, total P and soluble Na, Ca and Mg varied very similarly with soil water. Canonical correspondence analysis (CCA) satisfactorily assessed the species-soil relations in the area. The distribution of plant species was strongly correlated with the soil factors of water content, organic matter, EC and nutrients. The variations in species occurrence explained by the three CCA axes were about 70%, indicating that some explanatory site variables may exist outside our studied parameters. Soil texture is suggested to be included in future studies to improve the explanation of CCA. 相似文献
14.
使用固定翼无人机航测丹霞山核心区长老峰游览区（航测区面积4.25 km2）获得高精度影像数据638张,用Photoscan软件拼接正射影像地图及DEM数据生产。在ArcGIS10.5软件中将正射影像图批量分割成470幅图（长和宽为100 m×100 m,比例尺为1︰1 000）,在分割后的地图上目测识别并定位珍稀物种丹霞梧桐（Firmiana danxiaensis H. H. Hsue & H. S. Kiu）,共获取航测区内1 515株丹霞梧桐及其位置数据,构建地理数据库。利用ArcGIS10.5的空间分析模块,将DEM数据转换成坡度和坡向数据,叠加1 515株丹霞梧桐点位置数据与DEM数据、坡度和坡向数据后进行可视化定量分析。结果显示：航测区内有71.2%的丹霞梧桐（1078株）分布在海拔210±90 m的范围内。有68.3%（1033株）的丹霞梧桐分布在坡度>15°的丹霞崖壁地带,与实地观察的事实相吻合。虽然,在航测区长老峰的各个坡向上都可以实地观察丹霞梧桐的分布,但定量统计表明,在南东（295株）、南（276株）、南西（244株）3个坡向上分布相对集中,占总数的53.8%（815株）,这也与实地观察到的丹霞梧桐属于喜光照的向阳植物一致。小区域范围内珍稀物种的数据采集与空间分析,是珍稀物种保护的重要基础工作,还可以为较大区域范围内丹霞梧桐生态保护红线更准确的落地提供参考和依据。 相似文献
15.
呼伦贝尔沙质草甸草原洼地植物群落变化分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
选择呼伦贝尔沙质草甸草原上的干洼地,采用系统取样方法对不同微地貌部位的植物群落变化进行研究。发现,草原区微地貌变化对生境异质性的控制作用明显。在洼地中旱生植物和旱生植物占优势,中旱生植物在阴(N)坡和下坡位或坡底占优势,旱生植物在阳(S)坡最占优势。下坡位或坡底的多年生植物比例最高,其次是阴(N)坡和中坡位,上坡位和阳(S)坡最少。洼地内出现了12个不同类型的群落。同一坡向的植被覆盖度、地上生物量、草层高度呈现下坡位＞中坡位＞上坡位的趋势。主要物种的重要值波动很大,表明洼地内的地形因子分配不均匀。SW上坡位植物群落特征各项指标均出现低值,导致局部恶劣环境的微地貌产出部位,与风蚀坑集中分布区耦合。表明SW坡上部风蚀沙漠化的高发生率与该微地貌部位植被发育差有关。 相似文献
16.
毛乌素沙地低湿地维管植物区系特征 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
运用植物学及植物地理学方法,结合野外实地调查,对毛乌素沙地低湿地植物区系组成、地理成分、生活型及水分生态类群特征进行了分析研究。结果表明,低湿地共有维管植物59科182属323种,其中被子植物占总数的99.07%。单种科、寡种科和单种属、寡种属是低湿地植物区系的主体,是植物区系复杂性及物种多样性的主要来源,寡种属优势明显。中型科属和较大科属虽不占主体,但却往往是构成植物群落的建群种或为植物区系的代表成分,对植物区系的构成及植被的分布格局都有很大的影响。植物区系地理成分多样,温带分布型是低湿地植物区系地理成分的主要组成部分,低湿地植物具有典型的温带特征。低湿地草本植物占数量优势,草本植物以多年生为主,多年生草本植物对低湿地环境影响作用较为明显。低湿地植物地理成分及分布特征也说明气候、环境条件,植物种的生态幅度及其对环境的适应能力对植物地理分布具有决定性影响。 相似文献
17.
O. Rahmonov M. Holbegov T. Szczypek V. A. Snytko G. Klys M. Rahmonova 《Geography and Natural Resources》2014,35(2):193-197
We examine the richness and diversity of the flora of the Zarafshan Range in Tajikistan by using endemic species as an example. We determined the character and type of ecosystems, and the presence of endemics in a particular biotope. A potential threat to the unique ecosystems is brought by the cutting down of shrubs and juniper vegetation, unauthorized removal of rare plants, gathering of edible plants as well as waterlogging of the territory. 相似文献
18.
Chagusaba, which is traditional tea-grass integrated system in Shizuoka, is one of Globally Important Agricultural Heritage Systems (GIAHS) sites in Japan. Chagusaba provide an important habitat for natural plant species. In this study, we investigated the flora in Chagusaba and environmental factors to affect the number of native species estimated their diversity. Fifty Chagusaba were classified in to five vegetation types by Two-way indicator species analysis. In addition, high number of native plant species Chagusaba had low soil pH, covered large areas, and were in places where the land had not been modified. Through statistical analysis (GLM), we found that land modification had an especially significant effect on the diversity of native plants, and that the diversity of native plants was reflected in the history of the use of the land. 相似文献
19.
黑河下游尾闾区作为西北干旱区典型的脆弱生态系统,其植物群落物种多样性与稳定性对维持该地区生态安全和可持续发展具有重要意义。以黑河下游尾闾区荒漠植被为研究对象,采用K-Means聚类,基于距河道距离及其对应的土壤含水量数据,将黑河下游尾闾区垂直于河道0—4 km区域可分为距河0—0.3 km（T0-0.3）、0.3—1.7 km（T0.3-1.7）和1.7—4.0 km（T1.7-4.0）3个距离梯度,研究不同距离梯度下植物群落物种组成、多样性和稳定性特征,并进一步探讨了黑河下游尾闾区主要植物最适宜土壤水分需求。结果表明：（1）近河0—0.3 km区域以耐湿耐盐碱的草本为主,优势种为芦苇（Phragmites communis）、盐爪爪（Kalidium foliatum）、苦豆子（Sophora alopecuroides）和冰草（Agropyron cristatum）;距河道0.3—1.7 km区域出现的植物种类数目最多,以乔木为主,兼有灌木和草本,优势种为柽柳和胡杨;距河道1.7—4.0 km区域出现的植物种类数目最少,以极耐旱的灌木和亚灌木等荒漠植被为主,优势种为红砂（Reaumuria songarica）和梭梭（Haloxylon ammodendron）。（2）3个距离梯度下Simpson指数、Pielou指数、Shannon-Wiener指数和丰富度指数R均表现为距河0.3—1.7 km>0—0.3 km>1.7—4.0 km,而植物群落稳定性与物种多样性间呈现出相反的变化趋势,即群落稳定性表现为距河1.7—4.0 km>0—0.3 km>0.3—1.7 km。（3）当黑河下游尾闾区距河0—0.3、0.3—1.7 km和1.7—4.0 km区域植被最适宜土壤含水量分别为27%—31%、15%—22%和4%—7%,有利于维持该区域植物群落物种多样性与稳定性。 相似文献
20.
The coupling of field observations of plants and data derived from satellite image classification makes it possible to build a statistical model which can be used to determine the probability of a vegetation character existing in a pixel of a known class. Probability maps indicating the presence and abundance of several vascular and non-vascular species were produced for lowland areas. These maps are used to establish an indirect relationship between vegetation characters and spectral signatures which give an indication of the habitat conditions through an overall classification of the image. 相似文献