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1.
湖泊粉尘记录是研究区域大气粉尘演化历史的重要载体,而现代过程研究是定量提取湖泊沉积物中粉尘信号的重要基础。对山西公海湖泊沉积岩芯样品及周边不同类型的表土样品开展了粒度分析,并对岩芯样品进行粒度组分的定量分离。结果表明：全新世湖泊岩芯样品以黏粒（<2 μm）、细粉砂（2～19 μm）和粗粉砂（19～78 μm）为主,粗粉砂组分的粒度特征与湖泊沉积物中的石英颗粒、黄土样品中的粗粒组分及现代大气降尘的粒度特征相似,石英颗粒的表面微形态也具有典型风成特征。因此,公海湖泊沉积物中粒径19～78 μm的粗粉砂组分可用来代表大气粉尘的变化,这与湖泊沉积物中粗粉砂组分是大气尘暴降尘主要组分的认识一致。另外,公海湖泊冰面粉尘样品的平均粒径还具有从西北向东南递减的趋势,表现出与冬季风方向一致的特征,进一步表明公海湖泊沉积物中粗粉砂组分可以代表东亚冬季风强度的变化。因此,公海湖泊岩芯中的粗粉砂组分可用来重建全新世大气粉尘变化以及可能的东亚冬季风强度演化历史。 相似文献
2.
海洋大气粉尘是海气相互作用的桥梁。由于现代大气粉尘沉积在时空尺度上具有广泛性和可观察性,使其成为研究海洋海气相互作用的重要基础和手段。而位于世界屋脊青藏高原南翼的东北印度洋,是全球海洋生产力最强和生物多样性最丰富的海域之一,然而,关于海洋现代粉尘的研究还未见相关的报道。文章通过对东北印度洋2020年9―11月的大气粉尘进行走航收集,分析大气粉尘样品沉积通量,利用空气粒子模型模拟粉尘传播途径,对粉尘石英颗粒进行扫描电镜及能谱分析;再结合全球遥感数据,首次对东北印度洋大气粉尘沉积的现代过程进行探讨。研究发现,东北印度洋大气粉尘沉积通量变化在221~1 221 mg/cm2/d之间,研究期内粉尘日沉积通量最高值出现在冬季风盛行的11月中旬,而最低值则在夏季风控制的9月下旬,前者通量约是后者6倍;粉尘沉积通量变化主要受粉尘源区距离的影响,而粉尘粒径大小和风力强度有关。空气粒子模拟结果显示,粉尘的传播过程受大气环流系统的季节性和区域性控制,结合大气气溶胶数据可进一步探讨粉尘的源汇过程。此外,现代粉尘石英颗粒表面结构具有明显的风成环境沉积特征,石英颗粒磨圆度较好,具有蛇曲脊或“U”型坑,明显区别于水成环境下石英颗粒磨圆度差,具有贝壳状断口及“V”型坑等特征,可作为在沉积物中区分不同搬运动力组分的依据。 相似文献
3.
察尔汗盐湖北侧沙丘沉积物颗粒微结构特征 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
利用扫描电镜对比分析了柴达木盆地察尔汗盐湖北侧线形沙丘和新月形沙丘沉积物颗粒的表面显微特征。结果表明：柴达木盆地察尔汗盐湖北侧线形沙丘和新月形沙丘沉积物石英颗粒表面具有明显的风成特征。颗粒以次棱角状为主,普遍发育典型的碟形撞击坑、麻坑和新月形撞击坑;察尔汗盐湖北侧沙丘沉积物以物理分解和机械搬运作用为主,化学风化作用较低,反映了当时干旱炎热的沉积环境;贝壳状断口、平行擦痕及V形坑的存在表明柴达木盆地沙丘沉积物前期曾受到冰川或流水的作用,推断出柴达木盆地周围高山的剥蚀产物或察尔汗盐湖的湖相沉积物可能是察尔汗盐湖北侧沙丘沉积物的来源之一。 相似文献
4.
风尘是地球表层系统的重要组成部分,广泛参与地球系统中不同时空尺度的物理、化学和生物过程,对全球气候和生态环境产生重要的影响。中国北方地区发育了世界最广、最厚的风尘沉积,记录了至少22 Ma以来东亚季风演化和亚洲内陆干旱化历史。半个多世纪以来对风尘沉积的气候记录和黄土高原的成因进行了大量研究并取得了丰硕成果,然而对黄土高原风尘物质沉积过程的认识还存在很多问题。例如,近年来基于物源示踪研究对传统的风尘搬运过程提出了新认识,认为虽然黄土主体是风成的,但以前忽略了河流对于碎屑物质的搬运贡献。我们在前人研究基础上从沉积学角度分析风尘沉积过程,发现青藏高原两期抬升与区域构造运动对粉尘沉积起着不亚于气候变化的重要控制作用;同时从沉积-侵蚀和地貌发育过程探讨风力与流水这两种最常见的外动力方式在黄土沉积和黄土高原发育过程中所起的作用,认为风尘的沉积和黄土高原的形成是侵蚀与搬运沉积作用的长期动态平衡过程,风力和流水在其中所起的作用都不是单一不变的,在不同时期和不同区域有可能会同时充当建设者和破坏者的角色。 相似文献
5.
Interactions between earth, wind, and fire have always played an important role in the formation and evolution of the level plains of the Llano Estacado of North America. The uppermost sediments of this vast region are aeolian deposits, formed by aeolian deposition into grassland vegetation. Grass cover enhances aeolian deposition by slowing near-surface winds and vegetation secures sediments once they are deposited. The benefits of grass cover, however, are lost when occasional fires remove protective vegetation from fields. After a fire, the underlying soil surface becomes exposed and susceptible to wind erosion until the vegetative cover is re-established. The purpose of this study was to explore the post-fire recovery process by monitoring temporal variations in aeolian transport and changes in the threshold velocity of a burned grass field located in Lubbock County, Texas. A continuous record of wind erosion activity was obtained during a six-month period as the surface recovered from a highly erodible state to a more vegetated and stable surface. Results suggest that the threshold wind speed of the field increased from less than 10 m/s immediately following the fire to above 19 m/s in a three-month period as vegetation naturally recovered. 相似文献
6.
闽粤沿海老红砂的热释光测年 总被引：5，自引：1，他引：4
采用再生热释光法对来自福建和广东沿海地区的39个老红砂样品进行了测年,其年龄约在0.9~6.8万年之间,表明闽粤沿海的老红砂是晚更新世中、晚期形成的风成沉积。 相似文献
7.
Prakash K. Shrivastava Rajesh Asthana Sandip K. Roy Ashit K. Swain Amit Dharwadkar 《Polar Science》2012,6(2):165-182
The scientific study of quartz grains is a powerful tool in deciphering the depositional environment and mode of transportation of sediments, and ultimately the origin and classification of sediments. Surface microfeatures, angularity, chemical features, and grain-size analysis of quartz grains, collectively reveal the sedimentary and physicochemical processes that acted on the grains during different stages of their geological history. Here, we apply scanning electron microscopic (SEM) analysis to evaluating the sedimentary provenance, modes of transport, weathering characteristics, alteration, and sedimentary environment of selected detrital quartz grains from the peripheral part of two epi-shelf lakes (ESL-1 and ESL-2) of the Schirmacher Oasis of East Antarctica. Our study reveals that different styles of physical weathering, erosive signatures, and chemical precipitation variably affected these quartz grains before final deposition as lake sediments. Statistical analysis (central tendencies, sorting, skewness, and kurtosis) indicates that these quartz-bearing sediments are poorly sorted glaciofluvial sediments. Saltation and suspension seem to have been the two dominant modes of transportation, and chemical analysis of these sediments indicates a gneissic provenance. 相似文献
8.
海岸是陆、海、气相互作用的地带。海岸风沙沉积是这一特殊动力环境的产物,是研究海岸环境演变及海平面变化的良好信息载体。中国海岸主要存在3种风沙沉积,分别为“老红砂”、沙丘岩及海岸沙丘。本文通过比较已报道的风沙堆积的物质组成、地层变化等,进一步总结了海岸风沙沉积的特征;选择已开展绝对测年的沉积剖面,利用概率密度函数分析了风沙沉积年代的分布特征,考察了中国海岸风沙活动历史,结合其他气候记录,探讨了不同地质历史时期海岸风沙堆积的关键影响因素。结果表明：“老红砂”沉积主要记录了冰期-间冰期尺度的风沙活动,在120 ka BP前后、73—55 ka BP等时期,风沙活动主要与海平面下降时陆架提供的丰富沙源和强盛的冬季风有关;而在105 ka BP、80 ka BP前后,风沙活动与高海平面时期丰富的沙源或季风气候的季节性增强有关;55 ka BP以来风沙活动强度降低更多地反映了沉积记录保存环境的变化,末次冰期海岸风沙沉积大多分布在现代海面之下,并不代表实际的海岸风沙活动减弱。相比之下,海岸沙丘沉积所记录的风沙活动主要发生在近3 000 a,可能与中国海岸冬季风的增强有关。 相似文献
9.
Marith C. Reheis Janet L. Slate Constance K. Throckmorton John P. McGeehin rei M. Sarna-Wojcicki & Lori Dengler 《Basin Research》1996,8(3):279-299
Well-dated surface and subsurface deposits in semiarid Fish Lake Valley, Nevada and California, demonstrate that alluvial-fan deposition is strongly associated with the warm dry climate of the last two interglacial intervals, and that fans were stable and (or) incised during the last glaciation. Fan deposition was probably triggered by a change from relatively moist to arid conditions causing a decrease in vegetation cover and increases in flash floods and sediment yield. We think that this scenario applies to most of the other valleys in the southern Basin and Range. Radiocarbon, tephra, and a few thermoluminescence and cosmogenic ages from outcrops throughout Fish Lake Valley and from cores on the Leidy Creek fan yield ages of >100–50 ka and 11–0 ka for the last two periods of alluvial-fan deposition. Mapping, coring and shallow seismic profiling indicate that these periods were synchronous throughout the valley and on the proximal and distal parts of the fans. From 50 to 11 ka, fan deposition ceased, a soil formed on the older alluvium and the axial drainage became active as runoff and stream competence increased. Slow deposition due to sheet flow or aeolian processes locally continued during this interval, producing cumulic soil profiles. The soil was buried by debris-flow sediment beginning at about 11 ka, coincident with the onset of relatively dry and warm conditions in the region. However, ground-water discharge maintained a large freshwater marsh on the valley floor throughout the Holocene. Pulses of deposition during the Holocene are recorded in the marsh and fan deposits; some pulses coincided with periods of or transitions to warm, dry climate indicated by proxy climate records, whereas others may reflect local disturbances associated with volcanism and fires. Within the marsh deposits, much of the clastic material is probably desert loess. In addition, the deposition of coppice dunes within the fan deposits coincides with two dry periods during the late Holocene. 相似文献
10.
沙坡头铁路防护体系内风沙沉积的粒度特征 总被引：4，自引：2，他引：4
包兰铁路沙坡头段铁路防护体系内,由于下垫面性质发生变化,流沙区至人工植被带地表沉积物中表层土壤的黏粒和粉沙含量显著增大,平均粒径减小,颗粒分选性显著变差。防护体系内表层沉积物中的粉沙含量与地表相对高程反相关,黏粒含量与地形起伏没有直接关系,颗粒平均粒径、分选性与地表相对高程正相关。在土层垂直方向上,表层0~5cm内土壤粉沙含量较高,颗粒分选性差;5cm以下深度内土壤粉沙含量减少,颗粒分选性变好。在防护体系内沙丘地貌的不同部位,沙尘沉积速率不同。据此估算表明防护体系内固定沙丘迎风坡顶部沉积速率为0.147 cm/a左右;背风坡和丘间地平均堆积速率大于0.588cm/a。 相似文献
11.
湖泊滨岸带风成沉积一直是湖泊沉积研究的薄弱点。占据青海湖湖盆面积近五分之一的东岸沙丘为研究现代湖泊滨岸带提供了一个现代沉积实例。随着沉积学的不断发展,研究内容已经从"一元"的传统相模式逐渐过渡为"二元"的"源-汇"体系。以野外地质考察和遥感影像资料为基础,结合文献调研和相关测试分析资料,进行分析。结果表明：团保山前发育有相对广阔的滨岸沉积,指示了青海湖湖水曾经达到山前地带。大面积的滨岸沉积和古沙丘出露水面以及风对山体的吹蚀,为湖东风砂堆积提供了物源基础。干旱-半干旱气候为沙丘的形成提供了有利的气候条件。断陷湖盆的长条形地貌使得风沿着长轴方向吹扬,造成风成堆积物在长轴的一端堆积。高大的团保山/达坂山的山前复杂地貌特征为金字塔沙丘的形成提供了有利的地形条件。西北风产生的波浪和沿岸流作用于沙岛和海晏湾的滨岸带,导致滨浅湖的砂堆积形成沿岸沙坝。随着湖平面的下降,沿岸沙坝出露水面,并逐渐闭合形成障壁岛-泻湖沉积。 相似文献
12.
MIS 3以来雅鲁藏布江流域风成沉积及环境意义 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
雅江流域风成沉积广泛发育,其气候指示意义及年代的界定尚不够清晰。从雅江全流域视角出发,全面分析了不同区域风成沉积的发育机制及模式,同时对风成沉积年代数据归一化处理,并与全球气候对比研究。结果表明：① 流域内风成沉积有盛行风场发育模式和局地风场发育模式,不同模式对环境的指示意义不同。② 雅江流域风成沉积多堆积于末次盛冰期（LGM）以后,且主要发育于晚冰期（15 ka BP）以来的不同时段,冰川退缩地表裸露,丰富的冲洪积碎屑物源可能是风成沉积发育的主控因素;更早时段的风成沉积因LGM后气候转暖、冰川消融所致的侵蚀搬运作用而未能保存。③ LGM以来风成沉积过程受区域及全球古气候环境共同控制,波动变化剧烈;其对30°N夏季太阳辐射、印度季风及西风变化信号的指示有所差异,但对YD等全球气候冷事件有较好记录,其沉积过程与高原面上其他区域既存在对全球古气候响应的同步性,又有其区域独特性。④ 流域内风成沉积的强烈堆积过程与全球气候变化并非简单对应关系,呈现出较复杂的响应模式。说明高山河谷环境的风成沉积除受大区域气候影响,还受许多局地环境因素控制,古气候环境的指示意义复杂。 相似文献
13.
基于释光测年的福建晋江海岸沙丘粒度记录的风沙活动 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
采用OSL测年技术对福建晋江海岸沙丘剖面(SHA) 进行加密采样测年和粒度分析,初步确定了研究区近1000a 以来海岸沙丘发育的主要时段,以OSL测年值为基础,在统一时间标尺上综合对比东亚季风变化序列和福建沿海地区台风登陆记录,探讨了控制研究区海岸沙丘发育的主要因素.研究表明：(1) SHA沙丘表现为典型的海岸风成砂特征,海岸沙丘沉积后受风力侵蚀和后期化学风化作用的影响,粒径变粗,分选性变差,各粒级组分和粒度参数特征发生较大变化;(2) 近1000a 以来晋江海岸带海岸沙丘发育可划分为3 个时期,分别为AD1050~1300、AD1470~1600、AD1720~1950,尤其是小冰期(LIA),海岸风沙活动强烈,海岸沙丘发育盛行;(3) 近千年来区域降水量、海平面和台风强度变化与研究区海岸沙丘发育之间的关系尚不明确,而冬季风强度对海岸沙丘发育的影响明显,即海岸风沙活动期主要对应冬季风较强时期,但近50 年来海岸风沙活动较弱除了主要受冬季风减弱影响外,主要与人类经济活动所造成的地表覆被条件发生变化有关. 相似文献
14.
临夏盆地晚中新世以来的风沙沉积及环境意义 总被引：7，自引：4，他引：3
对临夏盆地１５Ｍａ以来地层中的石英砂所作的扫描电镜分析表明,风成砂一直存在,并在８Ｍａ和６～５Ｍａ时含量最高。最大颗粒的平均粒径在（１．５～３．６）／２．６Ｍａ达０．４ｍｍ,３．６～２．６Ｍａ之后显著下降。前者表明３．６～２．６Ｍａ以前,近源风沙作用一直存在,并在８Ｍａ和６～５Ｍａ达到最盛;后者表明第四纪以来,远源风沙沉积盛行,可能反映了青藏高原在３．６～２．６Ｍａ急剧隆丐和与之相关的大气环流的发 相似文献
15.
包兰铁路沙坡头段防护体系内的风沙沉降规律 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
对沙坡头铁路防护体系内的风沙沉降进行了断面观测,据此分析了沉降速率、粒度组成和物源的时空变化规律。结果显示：防护体系前沿流沙区、防护距离50～300 m的植被区和300 m以外的植被区风沙沉降速率分别为108.6、17.1 kg·m-2·a-1和1.5 kg·m-2·a-1。随防护距离增大,沉降颗粒逐渐变细,分选变差,跃移组分含量逐渐减少而悬移组分含量逐渐增大,沉降来源逐渐由前沿流沙区近地面风沙运动颗粒转变为以大气降尘为主的悬移颗粒。年内风沙沉降的高峰期为3-5月,6-8月沉降减弱,9月至次年2月风沙沉降最弱,3个阶段内防护体系植被区月均沉降量分别为0.59、0.10 kg·m-2和0.04 kg·m-2。3-5月风沙沉降以上风向邻近区域的风蚀起沙为主,6-8月较远源的大气降尘相对增加而上风向邻近区域的风蚀起沙相对减少,9月至次年2月风沙沉降物源以大气降尘为主。 相似文献
16.
Sanne Lorentzen Carita Augustsson Jens Jahren Johan P. Nystuen Niels H. Schovsbo 《Basin Research》2019,31(6):1098-1120
Lower Cambrian quartz arenitic deposits have a worldwide occurrence. In this study, petrographic and mineralogical analyses were carried out on samples from the quartz‐rich Ringsaker Member of the Vangsås Formation from southern Norway and the corresponding Hardeberga Formation from southern Sweden and on the Danish island of Bornholm. The quartz arenite is almost completely quartz cemented and has an average intergranular volume of 30%. The quartz cement is the dominating cause for porosity loss. Dissolution along stylolites and microstylolites is suggested to be the primary and secondary source for the quartz cement respectively. The quartzose sandstone from southern Norway was severely cemented prior to the Caledonian Orogeny, thus limiting the tectonic influence on diagenesis during thrusting. For most samples, authigenic clay minerals and detrital phyllosilicates represent ca. 5% of the present‐day composition. This, together with a low feldspar content, of on average 4%, indicates that the sediment was extremely quartz‐rich already during deposition. The low amount of feldspar prior to burial and the formation of early diagenetic kaolinite point to weathering, sediment reworking and early diagenesis act as important controls on sediment maturity. The large variation in clay‐mineral and feldspar content between the localities, as well as within the sandstone successions, can be explained by different palaeogeography on the shelf during deposition and subsequently dissimilar subjection to reworking and early diagenetic processes. Weathering in the provenance area, reworking in the depositional shallow‐marine environment and meteoric flushing during the burial stage are suggested to explain the high mineralogical maturity of the lower Cambrian sandstone from southwestern Baltica. These processes may generally account for similar quartz‐rich shallow‐marine sandstone units, deposited as a result of intensive continental denudation and during temperate to subtropical and moderately humid conditions. 相似文献
17.
马莲河全新世古洪水沉积学和水文学研究 总被引：3，自引：2，他引：1
通过对马莲河中下游的深入考察,在甘肃省合水县河段发现全新世古洪水滞流沉积剖面,对采集的沉积物样品进行粒度成分、石英砂表面结构等分析,证明为典型的古洪水滞流沉积物。通过地层学年代对比分析,确定马莲河在全新世中晚期发生特大洪水,年代大致为4200-4000a B．R之间。根据该组古洪水滞流沉积物所指示的洪峰水位,采用比降法恢复洪峰流量在16400～16900m^3／s之间。同时对该断面2003年和2005年洪水的洪痕进行了流量恢复计算,计算结果与实测洪水误差小于5％,证明古洪水水文学计算结果合理可靠,从而为马莲河水利工程建设及沿岸城镇的防洪减灾提供了科学依据。 相似文献
18.
Optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) dating for polymineral fine-grained loess samples, collected in Laoguantai (LGT) section on the south of the Chinese Loess Plateau, was made by application of single-aliquot regenerative-dose (SAR) protocol. A ‘Double-SAR’ procedure in which aliquots are subjected to both infrared (IR) and blue stimulations was used, and two sets of equivalent dose (De) determinations were produced and assumed to relate predominantly to feldspathic and quartz fine grain populations respectively. The OSL ages estimated from IRSL signals are smaller than those estimated from [post-IR] OSL signals due to the anomalous fading of feldspar IR signals, based on fading experiment. The young ages of the samples near ground surface may be originated from the post-depositional disturbance by the intensifying humanity’s cultivation since 3.0 ka BP in the Guanzhong Basin, south of the Chinese Loess Plateau. Based on OSL dating, as well as field observations and stratigraphic correlation, we determine the chronology of the LGT loess-paleosol sequence. In combination with climate proxy records, it is indicated that aeolian loess deposition and pedogenesis underwent polyphase changes during the Holocene, likely to have been driven by shifts in the East Asian monsoon. This suggests that aeolian loess deposition is episodic and highly variable, with contributions from non-aeolian processes such as alluvial deposition found in the area. 相似文献
19.
SANDY FAN‐LIKE FORMS IN THE CENTRAL‐EASTERN MAZOVIAN LOWLAND (CENTRAL POLAND): TEXTURAL RECORD AND CHRONOLOGY 
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下载免费PDF全文 EDYTA KALIŃSKA‐NARTIŠA MĀRIS NARTIŠS 《Geografiska Annaler: Series A, Physical Geography》2016,98(2):111-127
A unique, continuous, fan‐shaped belt of sandy landforms in the central‐eastern Mazovian Lowland, Central Poland has been investigated using a multiproxy dataset of sediment physical properties and chronological framework. Although there are several previous studies of similar fan‐like forms elsewhere in Central Poland, this central‐eastern part has not been investigated in detail. A combined methodological approach, using grain‐size distributions, the roundness, surface character and microtexture of quartz grains, and the mineral composition of the light and heavy fractions, indicate a predominantly aeolian origin for the fan‐like forms. Overlying them are dunes, the sediment within which is derived mainly from the fan‐like forms. Two main aeolian phases are distinguished based on luminescence ages: (1) between around 15 and 16 ka, possibly correlated with the Pomeranian Phase of the last (Vistulian) glaciation in Poland, and representing a phase with a poorly recorded deflation event; and (2) around 12 ka, associated with the Younger Dryas onset, when fresh, non‐aeolian material was delivered to the system. Overall, the palaeoenvironmental pattern of the fan‐like forms is controlled by the Upper Pleistocene aeolian trends. 相似文献
20.
海滩养护影响下的海岸风沙堆积——以福建平潭岛龙凤头海滩养护工程为例 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
海滩养护工程实施后,在保护海岸抵御侵蚀的同时往往还产生其他的环境问题。尤其在强风区海岸,海滩养护造成了滩面环境的改变,使滩面风沙搬运和沉积特征都发生了显著变化。对福建平潭岛龙凤头海滩养护工程实施前后的风沙沉积对比研究表明,养护后海滩的干滩宽度、滩面沉积物粒径、表层湿度、海滩高程等环境要素变化对滩面风沙搬运与沉积过程都产生了重要的影响。主要结论为:(1)养护海滩干滩滩肩高程的提高增加了滩面风速,增大了滩面风沙输沙率;(2)养护海滩干滩宽度的增加既扩大了风区长度也为风沙搬运提供了充足的物源,且不受潮汐过程影响,提供了持续的风沙物源供给,增加了风沙作用时间;(3)养护海滩剖面形态的变化使得海滩滩面沉积物含水率减小,降低风沙起动风速,增强了滩面风沙搬运。 相似文献