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1.
The expansion of Choctawhatchee sand pine (Pinus clausa) into longleaf pine forests (Pinus palustris) has been widespread on the Florida Panhandle since the early 1900s. This study examines the population-level processes of this sand pine invasion. Expansion of sand pine started by 1920, but rapidly increased in the 1940s. Population establishment and growth in invasive stands has been rapid, with establishment of many sand pine pioneer individuals followed by rapid infilling as these individuals reached reproductive maturity. Both noninvasive and invasive stands had numerous sand pine seedlings and saplings. Sand pine will likely persist in these communities in the near future. Analyses of hemispherical canopy photographs and regeneration patterns illustrate the ability of sand pine to establish under a variety of light conditions. Radial growth analysis of incremental tree cores highlights the importance of episodic wind disturbances in maintaining these sand pine populations. [Key words: sand pine, longleaf pine, Pinus clausa, Florida, pine invasion, Pinus palustris.] 相似文献
2.
测定了三亚活体珊瑚和其生长海域海水的Ca、Mg、B、Sr含量和B同位素组成,结果表明珊瑚中这些元素的浓度与对应海水的相同元素呈现出弱的正或负相关性,所有的相关系数均不大于0.3,这表明珊瑚的这些化学成分主要不是由对应海水所决定。Ca,Sr和B在珊瑚中均得到富集,其中Sr的富集程度最高,达3.08×103,而Mg在珊瑚中却是贫化的。珊瑚中Sr的掺入对B的掺入的影响要高于主成分Ca本身的影响,δ11B值与珊瑚的主成分Ca的浓度几乎无关,而与B、Sr和Mg浓度分别具有较弱的正相关和负相关关系,相关系数分别为0.343,0.309和0.276,珊瑚Sr浓度的增加引起B浓度的增加,同时会引起δ11B值的增加,而Mg的影响与此相反。 相似文献
3.
为探究补水背景下大盐滩矿区潜卤水水化学组分的变化规律,采用水化学分析测试方法,对2015年5月和7月分别就矿区33口长期观测孔内潜卤水中的Ca~(2+)、K~+、Na~+、Mg~(2+)、HCO_3~-、SO_4~(2-)、Cl~-的含量进行测定,分析矿区潜卤水中Ca~(2+)、K~+、Na~+、Mg~(2+)、SO_4~(2-)、Cl~-的变化趋势,并查明其分布特征。结果表明:补水背景下,大盐滩矿区潜水含水层中的潜卤水水化学组分在时间和空间上存在着明显的变化。在时间上,5~7月时间段内,K~+,Na~+、Mg~(2+)、SO_4~(2-)的浓度升高,且Na~+浓度变化幅度较大;Ca~(2+)、Cl~-浓度降低。在空间上,矿区中部和东南部,晶间潜卤水中的K~+、Mg~(2+)、SO_4~(2-)浓度较高;矿区北部晶间潜卤水中的K~+、Mg~(2+)、SO_4~(2-)的浓度则相对较低。补水可以适当地增大开采区域潜卤水中K~+的浓度,提升卤水的质量。 相似文献
4.
黄河三角洲湿地景观边界变化及其对土壤性质的影响 总被引：7，自引：3，他引：4
以1992年和2006年TM遥感影像为基础信息,运用滑箱扫描方法获得组分边界特征,分析了黄河三角洲景观总体变化,在此基础上,研究不同景观类型变化过程土壤容重、水分含量、全氮、全磷、有机质及土壤盐分离子Ca2+、K+、Mg2+、Na+的差异性,以揭示景观变化对湿地土壤性质的影响.结果表明,三角洲景观组分之间的边界趋于复杂化,部分耕地转化为柽柳(Tamarix chinensis)、芦苇(Phragmites australis)和翅碱蓬(Suaeda heteroptera),潮滩植被侵入滩涂.不同景观类型下的土壤性质差异不显著,但景观类型转化对土壤性质存在一定影响.农田转变为柽柳、芦苇、翅碱蓬过程中土壤容重降低;而滩涂转变为翅碱蓬后土壤容重提高.农田转化为林地和滩涂转化为灌丛过程中土壤含水量降低,而其他景观变化过程土壤含水量表现出增加的趋势.不同景观类型下土壤全氮、有机质、全磷含量均较低,且变化过程中土壤养分含量变化也较小.各景观类型变化过程中土壤Ca2+含量变化幅度最大;其他土壤盐分离子含量的变化因景观组分变化方向不同存在较大差异,但总体上看,不同景观变化过程下土壤盐分离子含量均具有较大变化. 相似文献
5.
A field trial on 3-year-old Prosopis alba growing on pH 8.5 soils in Argentina was conducted to identify mineral nutrients that were most limiting growth and to determine correlations among these nutrients. As applications of nutrients such as Zn, Cu and P would be soon rendered unavailable due to the high pH, combinations of elemental S to decrease the pH were examined along with macro and micronutrient soil additions. Thirty trees were selected with stem diameters ranging from 2.8 to 4.5 cm and divided into five treatments in a completely randomized design with 1 tree per replicate. The treatments were: (1) control, (2) addition of elemental S to lower the pH, (3) addition of S and triple superphosphate (P), (4) addition of S, P and a complete blend of micronutrients and (5) addition of S, P, micronutrients and K and Mg. Biomass increases were estimated using regression equations on stem diameter increases. A small non-significant decrease in pH of about 0.3 pH was obtained in the treatments with S, except for treatment which contained micronutrients in the form of strong base oxides. There was a significant increase in electrical conductivity due to the oxidation of the S. The best treatment containing S, P and micronutrients had a 42% increase significant biomass increase over the control. Growth was positively correlated with leaf levels (decreasing order of significance) of K, S, P, and Zn and negatively correlated with leaf Na and Ca. The leaf K, which had the highest positive correlation with growth, was highly significantly positively correlated with leaf S, P, N, and Zn and highly significantly but negatively correlated with leaf Ca, Mg and Mn. Leaf N was very highly correlated with leaf Zn, S and P concentrations. Indian workers have found that 20 years after establishment Prosopis juliflora changed the soil pH from 10.4 to 8.0. Since trees on 10 m×10 m spacings are suggested to be ultimate climax density for these ecosystems, apparently it will only necessary to add inexpensive small quantities of elemental S, Zn and K directly around 100 small trees ha−1 to effect a major soil reclamation over the entire ha. 相似文献
6.
南澳岛植被恢复过程中不同阶段土壤的变化 总被引：14，自引：0，他引：14
采用时空互代法研究南澳岛植被恢复过程中不同阶段土壤变化，在植被恢复的过程中，该岛土壤pH值按退化草坡→人工林→次生林的顺序呈现出逐步降低的趋势，土壤全氮含量、速效磷和交换性K、Ca、Mg都随植被从草坡向次生林恢复过程而呈现逐步增加的趋势，虽然草坡10cm土壤有机质比10年龄的人工林群落2种群落3高，但却比群4、群落5、群落和群落8低，植被恢复过程中凋落物贮量也增加，其趋势同土壤养分增加是一致的，南澳岛在植被恢复过程中土壤结构和营养得到改善，而这又会促进植被恢复，同大陆相比，海岛土壤的交换性K、Ca、Mg含量较高，这可能同海岛特殊生境有关。 相似文献
7.
Stanley R. Herwitz 《自然地理学》2013,34(4):324-332
A useful index of nutrient use efficiency (NUE) is the relationship between litterfall mass and the quantity of a nutrient returned to the ground by litterfall and by aqueous leaching from aboveground vegetative surfaces. Using previously published data, Ca, Mg and K use by tropical rainforests in widely separated geographic localities were considered in relation to the availability of these nutrient elements in the soil. Significant inverse relationships were found between Ca use efficiency and soil Ca availability (P < 0.001), and between Mg use efficiency and soil Mg availability (P < 0.01). The relationship was not found to be statistically significant for K (P > 0.1). The predicted inverse relationship between tropical rainforest NUE and soil fertility is evidently not consistent for all nutrient elements. 相似文献
8.
9.
森林凋落物-土壤动物-土壤系统中营养元素含量关系及分异 总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8
根据对吉林省左家自然保护区同一坡面上不同地形部位的凋落物、土壤动物及土壤中N、P、K、Ca、Mg、Fe 6种营养元素含量实测数据,研究了凋落物、土壤动物体内和土壤中的营养元素差异以及坡面上营养元素的纵向分异。结果表明,在较缓的丘陵坡面上,6种营养元素的纵向分异并不十分显著。土壤动物体内N、P、Ca含量明显高于凋落物和土壤,土壤中K、Mg、Fe元素含量则高于土壤动物和凋落物。坡面中部凋落物、土壤动物及土壤中N元素含量高于坡面两端,土壤中的P、K元素含量在坡体上部出现最大值,Mg、P元素纵向分布呈线性分布规律,Ca元素分布波动幅度较大,且呈非线性规律。凋落物、土壤动物和土壤中元素含量线性关系较强。凋落物和土壤动物体内元素的变异对土壤中元素含量变化的贡献率较大。 相似文献
10.
John F. Boyle 《Journal of Paleolimnology》2000,23(2):213-221
Energy dispersive isotope-source X-ray fluorescence (XRF) analysers are little used in academic environmental research, in spite of being ideally suited to a number of tasks. In this paper an XRF method is tested by measuring a wide range of environmental materials of known elemental composition. Precision, accuracy and detection limits are presented.Using isotope-source X-ray fluorescence analysis, the total concentrations of Si, Ti, Ca, K, Fe, Mn, Cl, S, Nb, Ni, Pb, Rb, Sr, Zn and Zr can be determined in soils and sediments at a rate of >70 samples per day. The combination of speed and accuracy makes the technique ideal for three classes of application within environmental research. First, in sediments and soils that are highly heterogeneous, reliable characterisation is more dependent upon the number of samples measured than on measurement precision or accuracy. Under these circumstances the method is sufficiently accurate to be used alone. This is also the case where there is high and wide ranging contamination of sediment or soil by Pb and Zn. Second, major elements (Si, Ti, Fe, Ca, K and S) can be measured with sufficient accuracy in sediments and soils to aid the interpretation of other sediment chemical analyses. Third, the technique is ideal for the rapid screening of sediment or soil, allowing effective targeting of samples for more time consuming or expensive analyses. The XRF method presented here offers rapid, non-destructive total elemental analysis of sediments and soils that is sufficiently accurate to be useful in environmental research. 相似文献
11.
两种土壤条件下荒漠盐生植物根际系统养分分布的实验研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
采用水平根垫法对四种不同类型的荒漠盐生植物进行栽培实验,应用冰冻薄层切片法对距根表不同距离的土壤进行分层取样,并测定不同层次土壤中pH值、总盐、速效N、有效P、速效K、交换性Ca和Mg的含量。结果表明,在盐土中,距根表不同距离的土壤中,pH值均呈有规律的梯度分布,即根际微区pH值较土体下降,且距根表越近,pH值越低,而在棉田土中却没有显著变化;总盐在根际出现较大的亏缺区。在盐土中,四种植物根际的速效N都呈现出亏缺的趋势,在0—3 mm范围内变化幅度最大。四种植物根际速效N在棉田土壤中的变化趋势与盐土中相似,也呈现出亏缺,但亏缺的程度稍低。四种植物根际有效P的变化与速效N不同,在盐土中,四种植物根际有效P呈现富集的趋势,但富集程度不高,最大富集范围出现在距根表0—5 mm范围内,芦苇的富集率最低。在棉田土中,根际有效P的变化与在盐土中相反,表现为亏缺,并且亏缺幅度很大;四种植物根际速效K的变化与有效P相似。根际交换性Ca的在盐土和棉田土中的分布有差异。在盐土中,根际中交换性Ca分布较均匀,没有显著的变化,而在盐土中却富集。在荒漠盐土中, N、P和K在几乎所有植株中地上部分都显著大于地下部分,N和K尤为显著;除芦苇外,Ca和Mg则是地下部分大于地上部分,琵琶柴尤为显著,这可能与它们各自的生理类型有关。 相似文献
12.
阿拉善荒漠草地几种灌木对土壤有效态养分的影响 总被引：8，自引：6，他引：2
对阿拉善荒漠草地广泛分布的几种灌木、半灌木土壤有效态常量和微量营养元素的“肥岛”效应进行了研究。结果表明：①霸王、白刺、红砂和沙冬青提高了灌丛根部土壤速效Na、K、Fe和Mn 的含量,而降低了灌从根部土壤速效Ca、Mg的含量;驼绒藜除对土壤速效Mg含量有显著影响外,对其他元素无显著的影响。②霸王、白刺和沙冬青对速效Na、K、Fe和Mn有明显的富集作用,对速效Ca负富集作用;红砂对速效Na有极强的富集作用,EA、EB分别为37.59和52.93;除红砂和驼绒藜对速效Mg有富集作用外,其余灌丛对速效Mg无富集作用。③灌丛周围土壤pH值与速效K、Fe和Zn含量呈显著负相关,与Ca呈正相关,与速效Na无相关性。霸王、白刺、沙冬青周围土壤速效Mg含量与pH值也呈显著正相关;除了霸王外,其他灌木周围土壤速效Mn含量都与pH值呈负相关。 相似文献
13.
小兴安岭森林生态系统中营养元素关系及土壤动物的作用 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
对小兴安岭森林生态系统6个主要林型的凋落叶、土壤动物和土壤三者之间营养元素关系研究,凋落叶、土壤动物和土壤中营养元素的平均含量不同,它们的变异程度也不同。蚯蚓、线蚓、蜈蚣和其它类群土壤动物体内营养元素的方差分析结果表明,K、Ca、Mg、Fe对土壤动物的生长发育影响较大。凋落叶、土壤动物和土壤之间K、Na、Fe的线性关系较强,反映了凋落叶-土壤动物-土壤间K、Na、Fe联系密切。凋落叶和土壤中营养元素与土壤动物的生物量、密度和类群数的关系密切,平均关联度的顺序为,类群数>生物量>密度。 相似文献
14.
封禁管理对严重退化群落养分循环与能量的影响 总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8
福建省长汀县河田镇是我国南方红壤区典型的严重水土流失区之一，自20世纪80年代以来采取了许多有效的治理措施。本文对封禁管理和对照（未治理）群落的生物量、生产力、养分循环和能量进行了研究，结果表明：封禁管理后群落的生产力得到要大的提高，生物量是对照的75．7倍，N、P、K、Ca、Mg的积累量分别是对照的49．4、59．2、55．0、48．4和70．0倍，能量现存量是对照的73倍；封禁管理后乔木层为营养元素和积累量积累的主体，灌木层、草本层和苔藓层的养分与能量的积累量占群落积累量比重不大，但对该类型退化生态系统的恢复具有重要意义；封禁管理后群落的养分循环已较为畅通，太阳能转经达到0．81％，而对照的仅为0．023％；因此封禁管理后群落的养分循环功能和能量生产能力已得到一定程度的恢复，这种生态重建模式值得类似地区推广与应用。 相似文献
15.
为明确α-萘乙酸钠（α-NaNAA）对辣椒果实生长的调控作用,以陇椒2号为试验材料,研究了荒漠区日光温室辣椒果实生长及内源激素含量对α-NaNAA的响应。结果表明:喷施不同浓度的α-NaNAA能显著增加辣椒果实长度、果实直径、果皮厚度、单果重和干物质积累速率。与对照相比,喷施α-NaNAA加快了果实前期的生长速率,缩短了果实的生长期,处理后20～30 d是辣椒果实迅速增大的时段;提前了果实干重快速增大的开始时间,延缓了结束时间,使果实干重显著增大,而且以35 mg·L-1浓度效果更显著;在辣椒果实的单果重相同时,使果实的成熟期提前10 d左右。喷施α-NaNAA显著增加了辣椒果实的脱落酸（ABA）、赤霉素（GA）和玉米素（ZR）含量,而对吲哚乙酸（IAA）平均含量没有显著影响。分析表明,辣椒果实的单果重与果实生长期中ABA、GA、IAA和ZR的平均含量水平呈显著正相关。 相似文献
16.
Investigations on plant community and micronutrient status of Schirmacher Oasis,East Antarctica have been presented in this paper.The dominant plant com- munities include moss and lichen.The frequency of species occurrence and changes in species composition at different location varied.Thirty-four soil samples were ana- lyzed for chemical properties of the soils of Schirmacher Oasis and Nunatak,East Ant- arctica.The most common plant species growing throughout the areas of Schirmacher Oasis and Nunataks are:Candelariella flava (lichen) and Bryum pseudotriquetrum (moss).Large variations were observed among different soil samples in all the nutri- ents and other measured soil chemical parameters.The soils are characterized by a- cidic pH ranging from 4.42-6.80.The mean organic carbon content was 0.62 and ranged from 0.06-1.29%.The electrical conductivity in 1:2 soil water ratio ranged from 0.06-1.29.The average content of macronutrient cation,which are ammonium acetate extractable was in the order of Ca>K>Na>Mg.The average content of DTPA extractable micronutrient cations was in the order of Fe>Mn>Cu>Zn.Thirty one out of 34 samples contained less than 0.80 ppm DTPA extractable Zn. Correlation studies revealed that content of macronutrient cations significantly and positively correlated to that of chlorides.Electrical conductivity exhibited significant and positive relationship with pH,K,Ca,Mg,Na and chloride content.Sodium (r =0.876~(**)) exhibited highest correlation followed by K (r=0.831~(**)) with chlo- ride content.The correlation coefficient for chlorides was higher with electrical con- ductivity (r=0.732~(**)) than pH (r=0.513~(**)).Organic carbon content of the soil was positively correlated with Fe (r=0.442~*).The nutrient status did not ap- pear to be a limiting factor in growth of plants.Lichen and moss community structure and composition in the study area were not related with fertility status of soil.Terres- trial mosses are most abundant and luxuriant along the soil habitats near bank of water bodies and the melt water streams. 相似文献
17.
The Impact of Erosion on Soil Productivity—An Experimental Design Applied in São Paulo State, Brazil
Anna Tengberg Michael Stocking & Sonia Carmela Falci Dechen 《Geografiska Annaler: Series A, Physical Geography》1997,79(1-2):95-107
Soil erosion is the principal threat to agricultural sustainability, affecting both the characteristics of the in situ soil and its productive potential. However, soils vary in their resilience and there are very few empirical data upon which to appreciate the degree and type of impact on the soil caused by erosion. This paper describes an experiment designed to generate such data based on soil loss and runoff plots, and it reports on nearly nine years of experience with the design at the Instituto Agronômico, Campinas, Brazil on a Latosol (Oxisol). After seven years of erosion induced by four levels of artificial cover, the effective rainfall on the most eroded soil was 20 percent less than on the control full cover. Crop yields were also found to be significantly affected: in 1995 by nearly 700 kg/ha and in 1996 by over 1000 kg/ha—a 50% decline in yield, amounting to a loss of 4 kg/ha of maize per tonne of cumulative soil loss. Losses of nutrients (organic C, P, K, Ca and Mg) in the runoff and eroded soil were also significant with far higher levels of loss associated with the eroded sediment. Changes in the in situ soil were less clear, but a test of trends showed that the decreases in organic matter and increases in acidity could unambiguously be attributed to soil erosion. Average enrichment ratios of the eroded sediment were 1.3 for organic C, 2.6 for P, 0.7 for K, 1.3 for Ca and 1.2 for Mg. Erosion has also affected the maize quality—mainly N, Ca and B nutrient content. Through these various measures, we conclude that seven years of induced erosion has had a marked effect on soil productivity, and for the first time we are now in a position to begin calculating the financial impact of the erosion process on future yields and farmer livelihoods. 相似文献
18.
天山乌鲁木齐河源1号冰川大气气溶胶和新雪中可溶性离子关系研究 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
在2007年4月、8月和10月三个时段内,分昼夜采集了23个气溶胶样品和7个新降雪样品,对样品中的可溶性离子进行了分析。结果表明,乌鲁木齐河源1号冰川(以下简称1号冰川)春、夏、秋三个季节气溶胶平均载量为86.22 neq/m3,分析显示1号冰川存在NH4HSO4和(NH4)2SO4气溶胶,并有少量NH4NO3气溶胶存在。气溶胶和新雪样品中可溶性离子成分变化趋势相似,气溶胶浓度升高,新雪样品的浓度也会有所升高,反之亦然。气溶胶和新雪中Ca2+、Mg2+、Na+、Cl-、K+的相关性很好,说明雪中这些离子的浓度基本能反映大气中的状况;对气相和颗粒相并存的NH4+和NO3-来说,雪中的离子浓度和大气中的离子浓度不相关。 相似文献
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