共查询到19条相似文献，搜索用时 185 毫秒
1.
人为地质作用刍议 总被引：5，自引：4，他引：1
本文阐述了人为地质作用的概念及研究人为地质作用的意义、方法和任务,并就开展人为地质作用研究工作提出建议。以因果关系划分,人为地质作用可分为人力地质作用、人力诱发地质作用和人力诱导地质作用三类。人为地质作用具有作用速度快、强度大、范围广、效果明显、分布与人类活动场所相关、具有正负两方面效应、可人为重复、可控制等特点。研究人为地质作用是人类可持续发展的需要,是现代地质学发展的需要,是破除迷信、树立科学发展观的需要。研究人为地质作用在防灾、减灾、除灾,维护人类生存环境,利用地质作用规律借助大自然的力量造福人类,破除迷信等方面具有重要意义。人为地质作用研究要解决的是现在和将来的问题,大多数情况下不能再用“今天是过去的钥匙”。研究人为地质作用的发生过程、发展规律、作用后果和形成机制,研究人为地质作用的控制技术,研究人为矿床的开发利用技术,是人为地质作用研究的三大任务。本文建议：(1)加强人为地质作用研究力量,从深度和广度两个方面加强对人为地质作用的研究;(2)加强人为地质作用知识的普及。 相似文献
2.
中国矽卡岩型白钨矿矿床成矿基本地质特征 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
矽卡岩型钨矿在世界钨矿床中占有重要地位,是分布最为普遍并最具经济价值的一类钨矿床。中国钨矿居世界首位,矽卡岩白钨矿已占全国钨矿总储量的60.62％,是潜在的尚待开发利用的一类矿产资源。本文总结了中国该类矿床基本特征,探讨了时空分布、物质来源与形成环境,与世界著名矽卡岩钨矿床进行了对比,按热液来源进行了分类。认为开展有关研究,以达逐步开发利用这一潜在资源,可以提到议事日程上来了。 相似文献
3.
海底热水活动——一种重要的成矿作用 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
海底热水活动不仅形成海底热水矿床,而且由于其独特的地质作用,为海洋中其它成矿作用提供了能量与物质来源,为其它海底矿床的形成创造了条件。通过对海底热水活动与海底热水矿床、铁锰结核、气体水合物等关系的了解,提出加强海底热水活动的研究,促进海洋资源的综合开发利用。 相似文献
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论土地资源与地质灾害的双重属性与发展态势 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
土地资源与地质灾害都有双重属性。地球表层系统的演变、自然环境的变化和人类社会活动是土地资源与地质灾害形成与变化的双重原因。近年来,一方面自然变异加剧和人类过量开发利用土地资源导致地质灾害严重;另一方面严重的地质灾害又会对土地资源进一步造成破坏,由此产生的恶性循环已成为社会经济可持续发展的突出问题。由于自然变异是不以人类的意愿为转移的,那么,顺应自然规律,约束并规范人类社会活动范围、消除不良行为是减轻地质灾害、可持续利用土地资源的最佳策略。 相似文献
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构造改造成矿机制：——四川羊石坑汞矿成矿作用探讨 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
羊石坑汞矿床是位于四川省秀山县境内的大型汞矿床，产于下寒武统清虚洞组碳酸盐岩中，受地层和构造双重控制，并以细脉浸染型为特征而区别于我国其他大型汞矿床。概括了该矿产出的区域地质背景、物质来源和构造控矿特征，通过对不同构造部位矿物、元素及同位素等的分布、分配特征和矿床地质地球化学研究，揭示了成矿物质来自沉积地层，矿源层的形成与同生断裂活动和深部物质加入有关，构造－热液活动对矿源层的改造导致了矿床形成， 相似文献
7.
刘连登 《吉林大学学报(地球科学版)》1977,(2)
我国地大物博、矿产资源丰富,目前常用的140余种矿产都已找到。“地下的宝藏”就是矿产,它是重要的物质因素。人类不仅利用了固体的金属、非金属矿物集合体,而且还利用了液体矿产石油、自然汞、盐湖卤水、地下热水,重水和地下肥水,在气体矿产方面利用了天然气、稀有气体氦等。自然界贮藏矿产的“仓库”叫矿床。 矿床是一种特殊的地质体,它不是一般地质作用的产物,而是成矿地质作用的产物;同时它具有经济意义。成矿地质作用就是由于地质原因促使的成矿物质运动。所 相似文献
8.
乌鲁木齐河流域地表水与地下水转化及水质演变 总被引：3，自引：4，他引：3
乌鲁木齐河流域在自然条件下具有干旱区内陆河所特有的垂直分带规律，为水资源转化创造了条件。水资源在转化和开发利用过程中，其矿化度和水化学组成都深深打上了自然和人为活动影响的烙印。乌鲁木齐河虽然流短水，但天然水质的垂直变化明显。流域地表水和地下水矿化度较低，大都不超过１ｇ／ｌ，是优良的供水水源。集中、频繁的人为活动对水质有较大影响，但绝大多数地区水的污染物质含量不超标。 相似文献
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通常情况下,人为污染会造成大气环境的酸化,最终导致形成酸雨.人为污染主要是化石燃料燃烧造成的大气污染.一般认为远离人类活动的偏远地区没有或很少受到人为的污染,它们的大气化学组成可以作为大气化学的本底;通过与本底的对比研究,可以顺利评估人类对大气环境的污染程度.天山是一个远离人类居住的偏远地区.人类对大气的污染是否影响到该区尚颇有争议.为回答这一问题,我们选择天山山地冰川的冰芯为研究对象,利用冰冻环境有效地保存大气有机物质记录的特点,从大气化学组成变化历史的角度,探讨人类活动对大气化学的影响.我们利用DX-300离子色谱分析了天山一号冰川14.08 m冰芯的有机酸和硫酸等含量.结果显示,乙酸是冰芯中含量最高的化学组分,平均含量为389.4±336.3 ng/g(n=489),甲酸平均含量为61.1±89.0 ng/g(n=541).甲酸/乙酸平均值为0.21士0.23,显示了人类污.染来源的特征.虽然两种主要有机酸的平均含量差异很大,但在过去43 a中它们的含量变化特征相同,且与pH的变化同步,这表明人为活动对该地区大气的污染并没有造成环境的酸化,而是碱化.研究表明,利用远离人类居住地区大气化学组成作为大气的本底对大气污染程度进行评估应持谨慎态度. 相似文献
11.
人为地质作用与人为地质灾害 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：3
论述了人为地质作用对地球各圈层的作用及其特征，分析了由人为地质作用引发的主要人为地质灾害，指出人为地质作用已成为重要的地质管力，而协调人地关系是减轻人为地质灾害，实现人类社会可持续发展的关键。 相似文献
12.
黑河流域中游水资源需求预测 总被引：27，自引：18，他引：9
通过对人口和经济这两大需水增长的内因分析,结合黑河流域中游目前社会经济环境的实际情况,分别建立宏观经济模型和人口模型,对流域中游各地区未来水平年２０２０年和２０５０年水资源需求进行了预测。在预测时,针对流域中游生态环境状况的盘点,生态环境需水中绿洲内部防风的护田林网建设需水作为外生变量处理;绿洲外围防沙的人工林、人工草场因经济价值体现的经济价值较直接,其需水纳入了需水模型体系。预测结果发现,在采取 相似文献
13.
Displacement patterns of a landslide affected by human activities: insights from ground-based InSAR monitoring 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Francesca Bozzano Ivan Cipriani Paolo Mazzanti Alberto Prestininzi 《Natural Hazards》2011,59(3):1377-1396
Landslides interacting with large infrastructures represent a major problem for the economy, society as a whole, and the safety
of workers. Continuous monitoring for 23 months using an integrated platform with a ground-based SAR interferometer (GB-InSAR),
a weather station, and an automatic camera gave us the opportunity to analyze the response of an unstable slope to the different
phases of work. The deformational behavior of both the natural slope and the man-made structures was recorded and interpreted
in relation to the working stages and the rainfall conditions during the whole monitoring period. A typical pattern of displacement
was identified for shallow landslides, debris produced by the excavation and gabions, metallic walls, and anchored bulkheads.
Furthermore, insights into the dynamics and behavior of the slope and the man-made structures that interact with the landslide
were obtained. Extreme rainfall is the main trigger of shallow landslides and gabion deformations, while anchored bulkheads
are less influenced by rainfalls. Movement of debris that is produced by excavations and temporary metallic barrier deformation
are closely related to each other. The herein proposed monitoring platform is very efficient in monitoring unstable slopes
that are affected by human activities. Moreover, the recorded patterns of displacement in the slope and the man-made structures
can be used as reference data for similar studies and engineering designs. 相似文献
14.
文章对人工矿床及矿山二次资源的概念进行了讨论，初步提出了人工矿床的3种成因类型，即：技术成因型，技术-自然成因型，稀缺成因型（或市场成因型），分析了人工矿床勘查评价的范围、内容和规范要求；对人工矿床勘查开发技术经济评价的特点，评价准则与评价内容要求进行了论述，并对人工矿床的资源现状进行了分析。提出今后需要深入研究的领域及方向，包括人工矿床的成矿机理、成矿规律，人工矿床勘查开发技术，人工矿床的评价规范制定等。 相似文献
15.
低能海岸的垂直层序和风暴沉积 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
我国淤泥质海岸由微型和小型层序构成。微型层序主要是潮汐作用形成的,小型层序由粗、细粒单层构成,其中粗粒单层形成于风暴时期,细粒单层形成于平静天气。小型层序系完整的风暴层序。在游泥质海岸层序中风暴沉积的厚度超过非风暴沉积,且排列有序。低潮坪沉积物粗,向陆向海变细,从而构成中间粗、两端细的淤泥质海岸典型垂直层序。随着条件和因素的变化,典型垂直层序可以产生若干变异,识别出三种变异层序。 相似文献
16.
In the Kushkak Valley (Khuzestan, Southwest Iran) an anticlinal structure has partially impounded an ephemeral stream. This
natural impounded area has been chosen for an artificial recharge site due to its current rate of recharge, capability to
store water and favorable situation for the construction of man-made barriers to stream flow. The aquifer to be recharged
is the Kushkak unconfined aquifer which consists of medium to coarse-grained alluvial deposits that overlie consolidated conglomerate
rock. In this semi-arid area with infrequent relatively heavy falls of rain, alluvial aquifer recharge can be an important
process that sustains shallow, over-exploited groundwater bodies. In this investigation a multidisciplinary approach including:
hydrometerological studies, and a detailed hydrogeochemical survey, have been carried out. Other essential prerequisite parameters
for the scheme were also taken into account to determine the suitability of this location for groundwater artificial recharge.
The assessment has brought out that (1) the proposed reservoir will conserve a major part of the water being lost, (2) annual
runoff of about 0.27 MCM can be injected into the aquifer through recharge from impounded water, (3) hydrochemical data from
surface water and from the Kushkak aquifer water demonstrates that dilution and change in compositional trend in the groundwater
proximal to the impounded alluvial bed areas would be expected based on the infiltration capacity of this site, and (4) cost–benefit
ratio of the project is 1:2 and it is assumed to recover the investment within six years. 相似文献
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A review of some unique aspects of the limnology of shallow Southern African man-made lakes 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
J. A. Thornton Dr. 《GeoJournal》1987,14(3):339-352
Large numbers of man-made lakes occur throughout S Africa. Although primarily designed for specific water supply purposes, most of these lakes fulfill a multipurpose role. The need for such large numbers of reservoirs is related to vagaries in rainfall and runoff; these uncertainties have led to the development of a philosophy of conserving water quantity, which has created some unusual limnological conditions. Examination of the hydrography and limnology of 64 S African impoundments reveals that both basin morphometry and water retention times are affected by natural (drought/flood) and artificial (drawdown) factors which, in turn, affect the hydrodynamics of the lakes, whilst the introduction of treated effluents as a water conservation measure gives rise to a large percentage of enriched lakes having extremely high productivity. 相似文献
19.
Jan Zalasiewicz Colin Waters Mark Williams David C. Aldridge Ian P. Wilkinson 《Proceedings of the Geologists' Association. Geologists' Association》2018,129(3):482-491
The Anthropocene deposits of England, here regarded as those formed after ～1950 CE, are now extensive, take various forms, and may be characterized and recognized by a number of stratigraphic signals, such as artificial radionuclides, pesticide residues, microplastics, enhanced fly ash levels, concrete fragments and a novel variety of ‘technofossils’ and neobiotic species. They include the uppermost parts of both ‘natural’ deposits such as the sediment layers formed in lakes and estuaries, and more directly human-made or human-influenced ones such as landfill deposits and the ‘artificial ground’ beneath urban areas and around major constructions. ‘Negative deposits’ include the worked areas of quarries and regions such as the English Fenland, where thick peat deposits have ablated to leave a strongly modified underlying landscape, and extend beneath into the subterranean realm as mine workings, metro systems and boreholes. The production of these is still rapidly increasing and evolving in character, while the early signs of global change, such as warming, sea level rise, and modifications to biotic assemblages, are beginning to further modify the emerging geology of this new phase of Earth history. 相似文献