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1.
Benzene extractable aliphatic hydrocarbons from the New Albany Shale in the Illinois Basin were characterized by gas chromatography and mass spectrometry, and the total organic matter of the shale was characterized by solid state carbon-13 cross polarization magic angle spinning nuclear magnetic resonance. Core samples from a northwest-trending cross-section of the Illinois Basin were studied. Gas chromatography (GC) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometric analysis (GC/MS) data indicate a regional variation of the aliphatic composition of the shale extracts. A positive, linear relationship between the two ratios, pristane/n-C17 and phytane/n-C18, is indicated. The NMR results indicated that organic matter deposited in northwestern Illinois shale is relatively high in aliphatic hydrocarbon content while, in contrast, organic matter found in southeastern Illinois shale is relatively low in aliphatic hydrocarbon content. Our findings suggest that the organic variation of the shale is mainly due to the differences in thermal maturity of the shale organic matter and the use of pristane/n-C17 ratio as a thermal parameter in the study of oil may be extended to the study of the ancient sediments. 相似文献
2.
Md. Farhaduzzaman Wan Hasiah Abdullah Md. Aminul Islam 《Journal of the Geological Society of India》2014,83(4):433-446
Surma Group is the most important geological unit of Bengal basin, Bangladesh, because petroleum resources occur within this group. It is mainly composed of alternation of shale and sandstone and the shale fraction has long been considered as source rocks and the sandstone fraction as reservoir. These source and reservoir rocks have been studied by different authors by different approach but none of them adopted organic geochemistry and organic petrology as a means of study of source rock and their possible depositional environment. A total of thirty shale core samples have been collected from eight different gas fields to fulfill the short coming. The collected samples have been subjected to Source Rock Analysis (SRA) and/or Rock-Eval (RE) followed by pyrolysis gas chromatography (PyGC), gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GCMS), elemental analysis (EA) and organic petrological study such as vitrinite reflectance measurement and maceral analysis. The analyzed organic matter extracted from the shales of Surma Group consists mainly of Type III along with some Type II kerogen. The studied shales are mostly organically lean (TOC ±1%) and the extracted organic matter is fair to moderate. Based on these results, the analyzed shales have been ranked as poor (mostly) to fair quality source rock. The organic matter of the analyzed shale samples is thermally immature to early mature for hydrocarbon generation considering their Tmax and measured mean vitrinite reflectance values. The hopane 22S/(22S + 22R), moretane/hopane ratio and sterane parameters are also in good agreement with these thermal maturity assessments. The predominance of odd carbons over even carbons (most common) and/or even carbons over odd carbon numbered n-alkanes, moderate Pr/Ph ratio, low to high Tm/Ts ratio, comparative abundance of sterane C29 (i.e., C29 >C27>C28), Pr/nC17 — Ph/nC18 values, C/S ratio and dominance of vitrinite macerals group with the presence of liptinite macerals demonstrate that the organic matter has derived mainly from terrestrial inputs with an insignificant contribution from the marine sources. The condition of deposition alternates from oxic to anoxic. 相似文献
3.
The presence of shale oil in the Cretaceous Hengtongshan Formation in the Tonghua Basin, drilled by the well TD-01, has been discussed in this geological investigation for the first time. To evaluate the high-quality source rocks of Cretaceous continental shale oil, the distribution characteristics and the evolution of the ancient environment, samples of shale were systematically analyzed in terms of sedimentary facies, organic geochemistry, and organic carbon isotopic composition. The results demonstrate that a TOC value of 1.5% represents the lower-limit TOC value of the high-quality source rocks. Source rocks have an aggregate thickness of 211 m and contain abundant organic matter, with TOC values of 2.69% on average and a maximum value over 5.44%. The original hydrocarbon-generative potential value(S_1+S_2) is between 0.18 mg/g and 6.13 mg/g, and the Ro is between 0.97% and 1.40%. The thermal maturation of the source rocks is relatively mature to highly mature. The δ13C value range is between -34.75‰ and -26.53‰. The ratio of saturated hydrocarbons to aromatic hydrocarbons is 1.55 to 5.24, with an average of 2.85, which is greater than 1.6. The organic types are mainly type Ⅱ_1, followed by type Ⅰ. The organic carbon source was C_3 plants and hydrophytes. The paleoclimate of the Hengtongshan Formation can be characterized as hot and dry to humid, and these conditions were conducive to the development of high-quality source rocks. A favorable paleoenvironment and abundant organic carbon sources provide a solid hydrocarbon generation base for the formation and accumulation of oil and gas in the shale of the Tonghua Basin. 相似文献
4.
Biological Marker of Middle Jurassic Oil Shale Sequence From Shuanghui Area,Northern Tibetan Plateau
BIOLOGICAL MARKER OF MIDDLE JURASSIC OIL SHALE SEQUENCE FROM SHUANGHUI AREA,NORTHERN TIBETAN PLATEAU 相似文献
5.
The bulk composition of organic matter and saturated and aromatic hydrocarbons extracted from 16 samples collected from two Kuperschiefer profiles in the Rudna mine,Southwest Poland has been analyzed to study the role of organic matter during base metal enrichment in the Kupferschiefer shale.The results indicated that the extract yields and saturated hydrocarbon yields decreased with increasing base metal contents.GC and GC/MS analyses indicated that n -alkanes and alkylated aromatic compounds were depleted and may have served as hydrogen donators for thermochemical sulfate reduction.The enrichment of base metal is closely connected with the destruction of hydrocarbons. 相似文献
6.
Organic geochemical evaluation of thirty-two Aptian to Campanian shale samples from seven wells drilled on the shelf of the Orange Basin (southwestern Atlantic margin) was carried out in order to determine their origin, depositional environment, thermal maturity and hydrocarbon potential. The shale samples, selected to represent highstand, lowstand and transgressive systems tracts, were analysed by Rock–Eval pyrolysis for total organic C characteristics and by gas chromatography (GC) and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) for n-alkanes, aliphatic isoprenoid hydrocarbons and biomarkers (steranes, hopanes and tricylic terpanes). For most of the shale samples Rock–Eval data, hydrogen (HI) and oxygen index (OI) point to mainly Type III terrigenous organic matter. Only a few samples of Turonian age reveal a higher proportion of marine organic matter being classified as Type II/III or Type II. Biomarker parameters suggest that the samples are deposited under suboxic to oxic environmental conditions. Rock–Eval data and biomarker maturity parameters assign for most of the samples a maturity level at the beginning of the oil window with some more mature samples of Aptian, Albian and Cenomanian age. The hydrocarbon generation potential is low for most of the shelf shales as indicated by the S2/S3 ratio and HI values. Exceptions are some samples of Turonian and Aptian age. 相似文献
7.
《矿物学报》2013,(Z1)
Shale gas, which is derived from organic matters in shale and stored in shale deposits, is an important unconventional gas resource and attracts attention due to its significant requirement in the hydrocarbon production. Methane (CH4) is the dominant component of shale gas, and adsorbed gas is an important reservoir form. Many studies have investigated the adsorption capacities and adsorption mechanisms of CH4 in shale. Organic matters and clay minerals have been proposed to be the two major components for CH4 adsorption. Adsorption of CH4 in organic matters, such as the adsorption capacity and effects of characteristics of the organic matters, has been well investigated. However, studies on CH4 adsorption on clay minerals have mainly focused on evaluating the adsorption capacity, and very little information about the adsorption mechanism has been provided. For example, the adsorption sites and factors influencing CH4 adsorption on clay minerals remain unclear. Three main reasons account for this: (1) the co-existence of organic matters in samples affects the evaluation of CH4 adsorption on clay minerals; (2) the pressures used during adsorption are not representative of actual reservoir pressures; and (3) the clay minerals selected have low swelling capacity and a smaller interlayer distances than a CH4 size, resulting in the misunderstanding of the CH4 adsorption sites. 相似文献
8.
Xiaoyue Gao Luofu Liu Fujie Jiang Ying Wang Fei Xiao Zeying Ren Zhengyang Xiao 《Geological Journal》2016,51(6):936-948
The Jurassic shale is an important source rock for the found gas reservoirs in the Tarim Basin, northwestern China, but has never been researched for shale gas potential. The geological effects on methane adsorption capacity for the gas shale have been investigated in this paper through the geochemical, mineralogical and adsorption analyses on samples from wells and sections. The methane adsorption capacity ranges from 0.58 to 16.57 cm3/g, and the total organic carbon (TOC) content is between 0.5 and 13.5 wt%. The organic maturity measured by Tmax is between 410 °C (immature) and 499 °C (overmature). The methane adsorption capacity of the Jurassic continental shale in the Tarim Basin is affected by many geological factors, including the TOC content, organic matter maturity, mineral composition, surface area and pore size distribution. The TOC content is the most significant factor with a positive effect on the adsorption capacity of the Jurassic shale, and the influence varies piecewise according to the TOC content. The TOC content contributes much more to the methane adsorption capacity of organic‐rich shale samples (TOC content > 0.7 wt%) than to the organic‐lean samples (TOC content < 0.7 wt%). The mineral composition is a secondary factor, and the abundance of clay content has a positive effect on the methane adsorption capacity despite its relatively weaker adsorption ability compared to TOC. The pore size distribution has different effects on surface area and pore volume. Mesopores and micropores provide the major surface area and are mainly derived from TOC and illite, which has a positive influence on the adsorption capacity. Mesopores and macropores offer the major pore volume and are mainly formed by illite, which is the major contributor for pore volume rather than surface area. In addition, the TOC and illite contents of the Jurassic shale in the Tarim Basin are closely related to the origin, maturity and diagenesis evolution of the shale: (1) both TOC and illite content variations are related to the different provenances and depositional environments of shale; (2) the decrease of TOC content with increasing maturity is also partly attributed to hydrocarbon generation; and (3) the increase of illite content with increasing maturity is due to illitization in the diagenesis of shale. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
9.
The northern Ordos Basin provides a favorable geological environment for the accumulation and development of coal measure gases (CMG). The hydrocarbon generation potential and reservoir systems of the coal measures have been studied based on data from experimental tests and production and exploration wells, respectively. Further, the coupled accumulation characteristics were determined. The results show that the source rocks are characterized by favorable hydrocarbon generation potential, high thermal evolution (Ro%?=?1.3–2.3%), and mainly type III kerogen. Coals, typically aggregated organic matter, with a huge hydrocarbon generation potential (avg. 89.11 mg/g) and total organic content (TOC) (avg. 65.52%), are predominantly involved in gaseous hydrocarbon generation. Shales with good TOC contents (avg. 2.36%) and large cumulative thicknesses have an important role in gaseous hydrocarbon generation. Coal seams, shale layers, and sandstone layers occur as variably interbedded deposits, which form a favorable environment for CMG coupled accumulation. The porosity and permeability are ranked as follows: sandstone?>?coal?>?shale, with significant stress sensitivity and anisotropy. Two continuous gas generation peaks occurred in the Late Jurassic and Late Cretaceous, with an abundant amount of coal-derived and thermogenic gas generation, respectively. Potential gas-bearing sandstone layers can be formed by gas migration via short distances from nearby coal seams and shale layers. Coupled accumulation of CMG occurred in three stages: (1) stacked and interbedded reservoirs formation stage; (2) gas generating and charging stage; and (3) coupled accumulation adjustment stage. Coalbed methane (CBM)–tight sandstone gas (TSG) assemblage is a favorable target for CMG accumulation and development. 相似文献
10.
The organic-rich shale of the Shanxi and Taiyuan Formation of the Lower Permian deposited in a marine-continental transitional environment are well developed in the Ordos Basin, NW China, which is considered to contain a large amount of shale hydrocarbon resources. This study takes the Lower Permian Shanxi and Taiyuan shale collected from well SL# in the Ordos Basin, NW China as an example to characterize the transitional shale reservoir. Based on organic geochemistry data, X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) observations, the desorbed gas contents of this transitional shale were systematically studied and the shale gas potential was investigated. The results indicate that the Lower Permian Shanxi and Taiyuan shale has a relatively high total organic carbon (TOC) (average TOC of 4.9%) and contains type III kerogen with a high mature to over mature status. XRD analyses show that an important characteristic of the shale is that clay and brittle minerals of detrital origin comprise the major mineral composition of the marine-continental transitional shale samples, while the percentages of carbonate minerals, pyrite and siderite are relatively small. FE-SEM observations reveal that the mineral matrix pores are the most abundant in the Lower Permian shale samples, while organic matter (OM) pores are rarely developed. Experimental analysis suggests that the mineral compositions mainly govern the macropore development in the marine-continental transitional shale, and mineral matrix pores and microfractures are considered to provide space for gas storage and migration. In addition, the desorption experiments demonstrated that the marine-continental transitional shale in the Ordos Basin has a significantly potential for shale gas exploration, ranging from 0.53 to 2.86 m3/t with an average value of 1.25m3/t, which is in close proximity to those of terrestrial shale (1.29 m3/t) and marine shale (1.28 m3/t). In summary, these results demonstrated that the Lower Permian marine-continental transitional shale in the Ordos Basin has a significantly potential for shale gas exploration. 相似文献
11.
吉木萨尔凹陷芦草沟组泥质岩类生烃潜力差异性分析 总被引：10，自引：0，他引：10
吉木萨尔凹陷芦草沟组为吉木萨尔凹陷最主要的烃源岩,该套烃源岩岩性多样,多为过渡性岩类,为了研究不同泥质岩类生烃潜力特征的差异性,以录井岩芯为基础,将泥质岩类划分为纯泥岩、砂质泥岩、灰质泥岩和云质泥岩四类,并主要从有机地球化学的角度对四类岩性泥岩的生烃潜力特征做出评价。结果表明,纯泥岩有机质丰度较云质泥岩、灰质泥岩、砂质泥岩略高;纯泥岩有机质类型最好,其次是灰质泥岩和云质泥岩,砂质泥岩干酪根类型最差。在此基础上,结合HI分析,认为纯泥岩生烃潜力最高,其次是云质泥岩、砂质泥岩,灰质泥岩生烃潜力最差。 相似文献
12.
泥页岩热模拟实验及成岩演化模式 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
随着泥页岩油气勘探开发的不断推进,对泥页岩的成岩作用研究越来越受到重视。通过对三种不同干酪根类型的泥页岩样品的热模拟实验发现,随着有机质成熟度的增加,干酪根热解生烃产生的有机质孔及不稳定矿物溶蚀孔增加,是泥页岩储集空间增加的主要原因;泥页岩成岩作用类型主要有黏土矿物转化、不稳定矿物溶蚀作用和重结晶作用;结合镜质体反射率,建立了基于热模拟实验的泥页岩综合成岩演化模式。研究表明:不同类型的干酪根在生烃过程中演化特征不同,Ⅰ型干酪根以"解聚型"的途径生烃,以产生有机质边缘孔为主;Ⅲ型干酪根以"平行脱官能团型"的途径生烃,以产生有机质内部孔为主;Ⅱ型干酪根介于两者之间,既可以产生有机质内部孔,也可以产生有机质边缘孔。 相似文献
13.
14.
青海省祁连地区三叠系分布广泛,含气暗色泥页岩系和碳酸盐岩发育。通过北祁连、南祁连地区的路线地质调查、钻探施工、样品测试和资料搜集对三叠系页岩地化特征、储层条件进行研究,结果表明：青海省祁连地区上三叠统厚度较大,有机质丰度多数属于低-中等,部分属于高-特高等,有机质类型以II1、II2型为主,部分地段有III型,有机质成熟度均达到低成熟-成熟阶段,具备形成页岩油气的地质条件。页岩中石英、斜长石、方解石等脆性矿物含量相对较高,岩性较致密,储集空间为孔隙和裂缝,属裂缝孔隙型储层,有利于后期改造。研究认为,青海省祁连地区三叠系具备较好的页岩气勘查前景。 相似文献
15.
SUN Yuzhuang Basin Reservoir Research Centre University of Petroleum Shuiku Ro Changping Beijing JIN Yujie China University of Mining Technology Beijing 《《地质学报》英文版》2000,74(1):93-101
Previous studies have shown that the oxidizing brines from the Early Permian Rotliegende sequence have influences on the organic matter of Kupferschiefer. However, inside the Rotliegende sequence there are two other black shales: the Lower and Upper Antracosia shales, which have not been studied as much in detail as in Kupferschiefer. In the present study 12 samples from the Lower and Upper Antracosia shales were analyzed by organic geochemical methods in order to clarify the influences of the oxidizing brines on organic matter. The results indicate that the organic matter of the samples from the Upper Antracosia shale and the bottom of the Lower Antracosia shale was oxidized under the influences of the oxidizing brines. The oxidation resulted in a depletion of saturated hydrocarbons and the alky Is of the aromatic compounds. 相似文献
16.
YANG LIU JINCHUAN ZHANG XUAN TANG CHAO YANG SHUAI TANG 《Journal of Earth System Science》2016,125(5):1061-1078
The northwestern Guizhou in the Yangtze Craton of south China has a tremendous potential of shale gas resource. In this paper, we present results from major and trace elements, total organic carbon, mineralogical composition analysis and petrophysical parameters to characterise shale weathering features. Further, the differences of black shale between underground and outcrops have also been presented to examine the changes of black shale after weathering. Our results show that the trace elements of shale have varying degrees of loss in the weathering leaching process, both in Niutitang shale and Longmaxi shale, the loss of B, V, Ni, Cu, Zn and Ba is obvious, but the element migration quantity in the former is greater than in the latter. Decomposition of minerals such as pyrite, feldspar and calcite result in the leaching of Na, Ca, Mg and Fe. The loss rate of total organic carbon (TOC) in black shales ranges from 18% to 70% with an average of 43%; moreover, the loss of organic carbon in samples with high TOC content is larger than in those samples with low TOC content. Results following the testing of porosity and permeability show that porosity increases significantly after weathering but permeability changes little. Furthermore, the increment of porosity is greater in the Niutitang shale (with more sulphide minerals) than in the Longmaxi shale, suggesting that the oxidation of sulphide minerals may have led to the formation of an acidic environment, causing the other minerals in the black shale to weather more quickly, thus resulting in increased porosity. The content of clay minerals in the core samples is slightly lesser than the outcrop samples, but the TOC content in the core samples is greater and has a larger specific surface area. This suggest that the TOC content played a decisive role on the specific surface area of shale. In addition, changes in the black shale caused by the weathering process mainly depend on the mineral composition and the TOC content in shale. In this study, we try to establish relations between outcrop samples and core samples, in order to better understand the underground characteristics of shale reservoir. 相似文献
17.
阿尔金山前侏罗系出露大套厚层的暗色泥页岩,生烃潜力优越,具备陆相页岩气形成条件,是有利的勘探接替区。通过野外地质调查、样品采集和测试分析,研究下—中侏罗统泥页岩的沉积展布、有机地球化学特征及储集性能,并探讨了该区页岩气的勘探潜力。研究表明: 富有机质泥页岩主要处于滨浅湖—半深湖相、沼泽相沉积环境中,其在平面上呈NE向展布,单层厚度和累计厚度均较大; 泥页岩的有机质类型主要为Ⅱ1、Ⅱ2型干酪根; TOC含量为0.55%~10%,平均为2.28%; 镜质体反射率(Ro)为1.0%~1.6%,平均为1.269%,处于成熟—高成熟阶段,为页岩气藏形成提供良好的生烃条件; 其矿物特征表现为脆性矿物含量高,大于51%,有利于后期的水力压裂改造和页岩气开采; 通过扫描电镜观察,泥页岩储层发育微孔隙及微裂缝,为页岩气提供了良好的储集空间和运移通道。初步预测,后期改造相对较弱的月牙山地区为页岩气勘探的有利目标区。 相似文献
18.
阿尔金山前侏罗系出露大套厚层的暗色泥页岩,生烃潜力优越,具备陆相页岩气形成条件,是有利的勘探接替区。通过野外地质调查、样品采集和测试分析,研究下—中侏罗统泥页岩的沉积展布、有机地球化学特征及储集性能,并探讨了该区页岩气的勘探潜力。研究表明: 富有机质泥页岩主要处于滨浅湖—半深湖相、沼泽相沉积环境中,其在平面上呈NE向展布,单层厚度和累计厚度均较大; 泥页岩的有机质类型主要为Ⅱ1、Ⅱ2型干酪根; TOC含量为0.55%~10%,平均为2.28%; 镜质体反射率(Ro)为1.0%~1.6%,平均为1.269%,处于成熟—高成熟阶段,为页岩气藏形成提供良好的生烃条件; 其矿物特征表现为脆性矿物含量高,大于51%,有利于后期的水力压裂改造和页岩气开采; 通过扫描电镜观察,泥页岩储层发育微孔隙及微裂缝,为页岩气提供了良好的储集空间和运移通道。初步预测,后期改造相对较弱的月牙山地区为页岩气勘探的有利目标区。 相似文献
19.
延安周边地区长7泥页岩地层中获得工业油流,使得针对该地区的勘探工作开始审视页岩油目标。基于此,开展了系统化的烃源岩品质评价工作以及页岩油气潜力分析工作,以期为深入的页岩油勘探提供参考。研究表明,研究区页岩有机质丰度整体较高,平均总有机碳含量4.05%;有机质类型主体为Ⅰ型、Ⅱ1型及Ⅱ2型;整体进入了生油窗,处于成熟生油的热演化阶段。页岩的物质来源为陆地与湖泊的混合来源,其整体上沉积于弱还原弱氧化环境。三类有机质中,有机质含量越高,则其生烃能力也越强;Ⅰ型有机质的生烃能力最大、Ⅱ1型有机质次之,Ⅱ2型有机质相对最小。Ⅰ型有机质、Ⅱ1型有机质及Ⅱ2型有机质,页岩油含量即总游离烃量分别为10.30 mg/g、8.99 mg/g、8.14 mg/g。页岩油相态以游离态为主,吸附态相对较少。可动用性方面,页岩油的可动用资源集中于Ⅰ型有机质,Ⅱ1型有机质可动用较差,Ⅱ2型有机质可动用性极差。在综合勘探潜力方面,最适于进行页岩油勘探的对象是Ⅰ型有机质,其次为Ⅱ1型有机质。Ⅱ2型有机质基本无页岩油勘探潜力。 相似文献
20.
泥页岩中有机质孔隙是有机质向烃类转化的产物,也是烃类重要的纳米级赋存空间。以我国不同沉积相泥页岩（鄂尔多斯盆地延长组、四川盆地东南缘龙马溪组和牛蹄塘组、南华北盆地山西组）为研究对象,通过有机地球化学和微区分析等手段对有机质孔隙发育特征及影响因素进行了精细表征和深入探讨。结果表明:TOC与孔隙参数的相关性随热成熟度的增加展现出规律性变化,表明热演化是有机质孔隙发育的主要驱动因素。除热成熟度外,四组样品中有机质孔隙的发育特征受多种因素影响:延长组有机质孔隙处于形成阶段,多数有机质不发育孔隙,孔隙的形成主要受有机质类型和显微组分的影响。龙马溪组有机质孔隙普遍发育,为孔隙发育的高峰阶段,有机—无机相互作用制约着孔隙的结构和形貌特征。牛蹄塘组因排烃作用较为完全而处于孔隙收缩阶段,已有较多有机质孔隙被压实而消失,孔隙形态主要受控于微裂隙和有机质—黏土复合体的发育情况。山西组因过高的热演化程度引起有机质结构塌陷,且保存条件极差,处于孔隙的转化和消失阶段;有机质孔隙的发育情况与有机质类型和内部结构直接相关,并受保存条件的严重影响。相关结论有助于深刻理解页岩油气资源赋存富集机理,促进页岩油气资源的勘探开发。 相似文献