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北京采矿废弃地植物修复重金属去除率研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
结合北京市采矿废弃地土壤地质环境情况,选取密云区西坨古金矿尾矿土、密云区冯家峪铁矿尾矿土和门头沟区桑峪煤矸石堆为研究对象,进行植物修复研究。共开展4种类型的修复试验,即选用高羊茅、紫花苜蓿和三叶草3种修复植物分别进行修复,同时与板蓝根、桔梗、波斯菊和薄荷等中草药进行混合种植修复,在植物生命周期的不同阶段采集样品分析测试。结果表明:在4种修复类型中,高羊茅对金矿尾矿土中Pb、Zn、Cr、Cd去除效果最好,最大去除率达到18.10%、14.57%、13.81%、18.12%;混合种植对铁矿尾矿土中Cr、Ni、As、Hg去除率达到4种修复类型的最大值,分别为14.81%、9.80%、37.25%、50%。三叶草对煤矸石修复效果最好,对Cr、Pb、Zn、Cd的去除率分别为5.65%、37.15%、15.15%、20%,是4种修复模式去除率的最大值。在生命周期的不同阶段,对比4种修复模式对采矿废弃地土壤中8种重金属的去除效果,均发现有去除率先升后降的现象,因此可对修复植物的进行定期收割,为提高植物吸附土壤重金属的效率,提供一定科学依据。 相似文献
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阳泉市三矿二坑煤山公园东部堆积将近两年的煤矸石已经对周围土壤造成影响,使其周围土壤的理化性质发生了变化。本文通过利用均值分析对矿区周围土壤的理化性质进行定性;从不同方向、不同距离对矿区周围土壤的理化性质进行分析;利用相关分析分析土壤各个理化性质之间的先惯性。从而探讨山西阳泉矿区煤矸石堆积对周围土壤的影响。 相似文献
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污泥和粉煤灰的循环利用及其对石漠化土壤质量的改善 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
本文通过在石漠化土壤中添加不同配比的城市污泥—粉煤灰混合物,研究其对石漠化区域土壤理化性质、持水性能,及在该石漠化土壤上所种植的高羊茅生长和重金属积累的影响。结果表明:施用粉煤灰能显著降低污泥Cu、Mn、Zn和Cd等重金属的含量并使土壤的pH得到提高,明显改善土壤的理化性质;土壤饱和含水率比对照提高1.95倍,持水时间提高7d左右,能增加土壤的N、P养分,并显著提高高羊茅的生物量,不失为促进石漠化地区生态恢复治理的一种有效方法。但由于重金属在环境中半衰期长、彻底清除难和生态毒害大等特点,不宜长期反复施用富含重金属的城市污泥。 相似文献
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随着新农村建设的发展,大量的旧宅基地被废弃,造成土地资源的浪费,为缓解人地关系紧张的问题,需要对旧村庄宅基地复垦。针对复垦土壤的生产能力恢复问题,本研究通过喷施土壤活化剂,探讨微生物激活技术对宅基地土壤修复的效果。取宅基地土壤进行盆栽试验,每隔10d喷施不同浓度的活化剂,通过测量喷施前后土壤的理化性质指标变化和作物的生长情况来评判其对土壤的活化作用及对作物生长的影响。结果显示：施用该活化剂后,土壤的理化性质得到极大改善,作物出苗齐全,生长状况佳。这表明该活化剂地改良效果明显。 相似文献
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《地下水》2016,(6)
基于对风蚀水蚀交错地带的榆神府采煤矿区地表沉陷地表层土壤理化生指标的测量,选择18项反映土壤理化性质的定量指标,采用因子分析法对不同沉陷年限下的土壤质量进行综合评价。结果表明:18项土壤指标可转化为5个主因子:土壤水分因子、磷素因子、土壤速效养分因子、全钾因子和氮素因子;不同沉陷年限5个公因子差异明显:未沉陷地土壤养分因子和磷素因子指标较好,地表沉陷5 a土壤水分因子和氮素因子指标较好,而全钾因子在沉陷10 a呈现出较高水平;综合因子分析评价得出采煤地表沉陷1~2 a土壤质量较差,随着时间推移,经过土壤的自然演替土壤质量有转好的趋势,但土壤质量最好的仍为未沉陷地,说明榆神府采煤沉陷区地表土壤经过10a自然演替土壤质量仍未恢复到未沉陷区状态。 相似文献
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不同土壤类型多氯联苯土壤残留特征变化分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为了解多氯联苯（PCBs）在不同土壤类型中的环境分布行为,在“中国网格化农药排放残留模型”的基础上,开发了“中国网格化工业污染物排放残留模型”,并用以对PCBs的研究。进行了PCBs的单源排放和包括城市土壤、旱田、水田、草地、林地及荒地等6种不同类型的土壤残留特征的数值模拟,并对土壤残留特征的变化进行了分析。研究结果表明：PCBs在土壤中的残留浓度与土壤的含气和含水率及其理化性质有关,对排放期末6种类型土壤质量分数与土壤含水体积作相关分析,其相关系数为R=-0.999 5,显著性水平P<0.000 1;PCB同系物在不同土壤层的残留浓度的变化与其理化性质有关。低氯取代的PCB同系物由于其水溶解度高,更容易向深层土壤迁移,其在土壤纵向分布随时间变化较快;随着土壤深度的增加,高氯取代的PCB同系物向深层土壤的扩散能力较弱,其在土壤纵向分布较为稳定。 相似文献
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城市土壤是城市生态环境系统的有机组成部分,影响到城市生态环境质量和人体健康。随着城市快速发展,造成城市土壤污染、侵蚀、酸化和硬化以及土壤生物和植被退化等一系列较为严重的城市环境问题。本文通过对广州某商业地块污染场地土壤、地下水的调查和采样分析测试,查明污染场地主要污染物类型和特性及起火原因,对其进行综合环境质量评价,为污染场地适宜性风险评估及污染场地治理修复提供科学依据。调查结果表明,研究区土壤和水中的部分指标含量较高,环境质量受到影响。针对主要污染物磷的特性,建议采用化学修复方案措施与对策,使污染场地达到无害化处理目的,为政府相关部门决策提供参考依据。 相似文献
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硒是生态环境中重要的微量元素之一,如何准确评估其生物有效性一直存在争议。在四川省广安市邻水县采集了60套农作物及其根系土样品,分析其Se含量和理化性质。同时基于梯度扩散膜技术对土壤有效Se含量进行分析,并对土壤有效Se含量的影响因素进行探究。结果表明,研究区土壤Se含量为0.15~2.42 mg/kg,均值为0.48 mg/kg,不同类型土壤Se含量差异明显,石灰土(1.06 mg/kg)>黄壤(0.78 mg/kg)>紫色土(0.28 mg/kg)>水稻土(0.27 mg/kg)。石灰土和黄壤有机质含量和总铁(TFe2O3)含量明显高于其他类型土壤。研究区内不同类型土壤的DGT-Se明显不同,与土壤Se含量分布相反。相关性分析表明土壤DGT-Se与Se含量、TFe2O3含量、S含量、有机质含量、pH值、Al2O3含量显著相关,受理化性质影响导致不同类型土壤中DGT-Se的差异。水稻根系土壤DGT-Se与水稻籽实Se含量显著正相关,用DGT可以较好地表达水稻-根系土系统中土壤Se的生物有效性。基于DGT技术评估预测区域尺度农业土壤有效Se含量时,需充分考虑土壤类型及其理化性质。 相似文献
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矿业活动为现代工业提供物质基础的同时,极大扰动矿区原有生态结构。煤与矸石压占是矿区多种地质灾害的一种,煤与矸石压占直接造成矿区珍贵的土地资源的浪费,同时,煤与矸石自燃、淋溶、扬尘以及天然放射性对矿区环境有严重影响。近年来,遥感技术以其大范围、实时性等技术优势,在探索矿业活动与生态保护共同途径方面做了大量有益的尝试,尤其在地质灾害监测预警方面体现了广阔应用前景。本文通过对矿区遥感影像的一系列处理(如图像校正,图像增强,图像分类),探索性地采用基于人工智能的决策树分类方法,有效地排除掉同谱异物的现象的影响,高精度地提取出矿区煤与矸石堆放场,为统计煤与矸石压占,预知煤与矸石自燃,判断煤与矸石淋溶、扬尘以及天然放射性对周围环境的影响,以及为今后煤与矸石场的选址规划,提供第一手定量化的地理属性资料。 相似文献
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Changes in physical and chemical properties of three soil types in India as a result of amendment with fly ash and sewage sludge 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
H. Veeresh S. Tripathy D. Chaudhuri B. Ghosh B. Hart M. Powell 《Environmental Geology》2003,43(5):513-520
The use of coal fly ash and domestic sewage sludge in agriculture is being considered as one of the methods for recycling of these wastes in an environmental beneficial manner. Mixtures with soil were prepared at different proportions of fly ash and sludge, either alone or in combination at a maximum application rate of 52 t ha-1. The changes in the selected properties and heavy metal contents of three soil types in India were studied after incubating the respective mixtures for 90 days at near field capacity moisture level. Sewage sludge, due to its acidic and saline nature, high organic matter and heavy metals content, had more impact on soil properties than the fly ash. Sludge application produced several changes including an increase in available nitrogen, organic carbon, salinity and water-holding capacity of the soils. The concentrations of major cations and heavy metals also increased because of the sludge application and the pH was decreased. However, the levels of individual metal concentrations in all the mixture types were below the allowable limits prescribed by several environmental agencies. Using fly ash either alone or in equal quantity with sewage sludge had little influence on soil properties and heavy metal content. The relative availability (RA) of heavy metals in three soils amended with 52 t ha-1 of sewage sludge was observed to be highest in oxisol, followed by alfisol and vertisol. 相似文献
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Solid backfill mining has apparent technical advantages in extracting coal resource under sensitive surface structures such as buildings and roads; meanwhile, as an effective method of disposing mining wastes, it works well in solving some environmental problems caused by mining activities. In addition, the controlling effect of solid backfill mining is directly related to the compaction characteristic of backfilling materials. The present study aims to modify the backfilling materials by assessing the effect of binders (cement, fly ash, and lime) on the compaction characteristic of granulated gangue backfilling materials. The compaction test was performed with rock mechanic test system equipped with a self-made circular cylinder apparatus. From the results obtained, cement is not the suitable binder for modifying the gangues backfilling materials, while fly ash or lime, when the dosage is up to 20 wt%, is beneficial to the compaction characteristic of backfilling materials. The relationship between strain behavior and micro-structure of backfilling materials was investigated by SEM and the effect of fly ash or lime on the strain behavior of backfilling materials could be associated with its cementation and gap-filling effect. 相似文献
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A field trial was conducted to investigate the effects of application of sewage sludge and nitrogen fertilizer on herbage growth and fertility improvement of raw mixed-loess soils at the west waste dump of Antaibao surface mine (ATB) in Shanxi, China. Four indigenous species present in mining areas, including Kentucky bluegrass, Erect milkvetch, Alfalfa and Alfalfa–ryegrass mixture were selected as the herbaceous plants in the field trial. The results showed that applying sewage sludge and nitrogen fertilizer, biomasses of all the four grasses were significantly increased when compared with those in the control group. After 100 days growth, applying sewage sludge had the greatest effects on biomass increasing for Kentucky bluegrass (17.54 times in the overground yields and 13.94 times in underground yields when compared with the control group) or Alfalfa–ryegrass mixture (5.34 and 7.20 times, respectively); meanwhile, the combined application of sewage sludge and nitrogen fertilizer also had the best effects. It was concluded that Kentucky bluegrass is the best pioneer species for quickly establishing vegetation in ATB abandoned opencast mining areas; municipal sewage sludge is an effective bio-fertilizer for the fertility improvement of raw mixed-loess soils; and the combined application of sewage sludge and nitrogen fertilizer in plots revegetated with Alfalfa–ryegrass mixture is the best strategy to help quickly establish a self-sustaining vegetation system during the primary stage of reclamation in ATB abandoned opencast mining areas in China. 相似文献
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One of the effective utilization strategies for fly ash and waste sludge is to use it as a fill material to raise low lying areas. Bearing capacity and settlement are the required input for the design of foundations on such fills. To determine the bearing capacity, plate load tests were carried out on the compacted beds of fly ash, fly ash-waste sludge and fly ash-waste sludge–cement. The tests were conducted by keeping 90, 95 and 100 % relative compaction, fresh and fresh submerged conditions, aged (28 days) and aged (28 days) submerged conditions as variables of the tests. The load-settlement curves were plotted for fly ash and mix blends. The minimum load was obtained for fly ash under submerged condition, further the test results show that the fly ash becomes flowable on submergence. On the other hand when the fly ash was mixed with waste sludge and cement, the load carrying capacity was found to improve to a greater extent. Test beds prepared with fly ash–cement-waste sludge under as compacted condition (fresh) show very high load carrying capacity (1600–2180 kN/m2). An analytical method has also been validated for fly ash–cement-waste sludge mix which was developed to estimate the settlement of footing resting on fly ash taking into account the pre-consolidation stresses. The non linearity of load-settlement behavior was appropriately modeled, on the basis of available plate load test data incorporated in the method. The method requires as input, the pre-consolidation stress and Young’s modulus of compacted mix of fly ash-waste sludge–cement. A comparison of load-settlement values observed in plate load tests and predicted values for the mix 47 %FA + 45 %S + 8 %C, using the proposed method shows good agreement. Hence, this relationship may also be useful to the field engineers to check the reported load-settlement values for such types of mixes in the field. 相似文献
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Wenming Pei Suping Yao Joseph F. Knight Shaochun Dong Keith Pelletier Lian P. Rampi Yan Wang Jim Klassen 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2017,76(3):125
Object-based image analysis was used to map land use in the Panxie coal mining area, East China, where long-term underground coal mines have been exploited since the 1980s. A rule-based classification approach was developed for a Pleiades image to identify the desired land use classes, and the same rule-based classification strategies, after the threshold values had been modified slightly, were applied to the Landsat series images. Five land use classes were successfully captured with overall accuracies of between 80 and 94%. The classification approach was validated for its flexibility and robustness. Multitemporal classification results indicated that land use changed considerably in the Panxie coal mining area from 1989 to 2013. The urban, coal and coal gangue, and water areas increased rapidly in line with the growth in mine production. Urban areas increased from 9.38 to 20.92% and showed a tendency to increase around the coal mines. From 1989 to 2013 the coal and coal gangue area increased by 40-fold, from 0.02 to 0.58%. Similarly, the water area increased from 2.77 to 7.84% over this time period, mainly attributable to the spread of waterlogged areas. The waterlogged areas increased to about 2900 ha in 2013, which was about 80 times more than their area in 1989. In contrast, the area of cultivated land was negatively related to the increase in mine production and decreased from 73.11 to 57.25%. The results of this study provide a valuable basis for sustainable land management and environmental planning in the Panxie coal mining area. 相似文献
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分别以粉煤灰、煤矸石、红柱石千枚岩、油页岩渣等富硅铝矿石为原料,经过除杂、煅烧活化后,利用水热晶化法制备出纳米莫来石复相粉体。采用X射线粉末衍射(XRD)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)、能量色散X射线荧光光谱分析(EDX)和选区电子衍射(SAED)等手段研究了复相粉体的物相组成与显微结构,并用魔角旋转核磁(MAS~NMR)分析水热晶化反应机理。结果表明:经过一定温度煅烧活化后,当NaOH溶液浓度为2~3 mol/L、搅拌温度80~90℃、恒温3 h、液固比为10 mL/g时,上述四种原料均可制得以莫来石为主晶相的纳米复相粉体,其中以煤矸石、红柱石千枚岩、油页岩渣为原料制备的晶体均为结晶良好的柱状晶,平均长度分别为50、300和150 nm,平均长径比分别为4、3.5和3.75;以粉煤灰为原料制备的晶体主要呈现棒状、针状和纤维状,其棒状晶长度约30~80 nm、直径约4.5~30 nm。 相似文献
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M. Ishaq F. Akbar Jan M. Shakirullah I. Ahmad Hina Ali 《Arabian Journal of Geosciences》2013,6(11):4109-4118
In the present study, coal from Chakwal (Pakistan) was leached with an aqueous solutions of iodine monochloride (ICl) and diethylenetriamine pentaacetic acid (DPTA) of different concentrations. The effect of stirring time, concentration and pH was studied on the leaching of different metals from coal. The physicochemical parameters indicated that the coal was of reasonably good quality. The results indicated that with increase in time duration, the extraction of metals increased. In most of the cases, metal concentration increased in the leachate with increasing the concentration of the leaching agents. DPTA was found to be the best leaching agent for most of the metals. Higher extraction of metals from coal fly ash indicated that coal organic matter has a pronounced effect on the leaching. Higher concentration of metals was extracted from virgin coal and coal fly ash at low pH (p?>?0.00) as compared to high pH. DPTA extracted metals in higher concentration from virgin coal and coal fly ash at low pH as compared to ICl. Based on the present study, the most leached metals were Fe, Cu, Mn and the least were Pb, Ni, Cd and Cr. 相似文献
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研究原煤中稀土及放射性元素的赋存形式,对原煤是集中还是分散利用、燃煤过程中粉煤灰的排放截留、从原煤或粉煤灰中提取稀土及放射性元素等方面都具有指导意义。由前人研究可知不同矿区原煤中稀土及放射性元素的赋存形式有差异。本文研究了山西省霍西煤田两个矿区175个煤样中稀土及放射性元素的赋存形式,应用背散射电子图像(BSEI)定位分析区域,应用BSEI、能谱-扫描电镜法(EDX-SEM)中的面分析(EDS-mapping)和粉晶X射线衍射法确定了主要伴生矿物,应用BSEI和EDX-SEM中的点分析(EDS-point)确定了微量伴生矿物。在煤样中发现了铈镧钕钇镝钪六种稀土元素及一种放射性元素钍,其中铈、镧和钕主要以磷酸盐形式伴生于高岭石类矿物中,部分伴生在含氧化铝或氧化硅较多的矿物中,少量存在于碳中;钇、镝以磷酸盐或氧化物形式独立存在于碳中;在部分锆石、独居石中分别发现了钪和钍。研究表明,该矿区煤样中稀土元素主要以细粒自生矿物的形式伴生在其他矿物中,少数以独立矿物的形式存在于碳中,放射性元素钍伴生在独居石中。 相似文献