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1.
《China Geology》2019,2(3):276-286
In this paper, the mechanical properties of gas hydrate-bearing sediments (GHBS) were summarized and the instability mechanism of submarine hydrate-bearing slope (SHBS) was analyzed under the background of the test production of gas hydrate in the northern part of the South China Sea. The strength reduction finite element method (SRFEM) was introduced to the stability analysis of submarine slopes for the safety of the test production. Two schemes were designed to determine the physical and mechanical parameters of four target wells. Through the division of the hydrate dissociation region and the design of four working conditions, the range and degree of hydrate dissociation at different stages during the test production were simulated. Based on the software ABAQUS, 37 FEM models of SHBS were set up to analyze and assess the stability of the submarine slopes in the area of the test production. Necessary information such as safety factors, deformation, and displacement were obtained at different stages and under different working conditions. According to the calculation results, the submarine slope area is stable before the test production, and the safety factors almost remains the same during and after the test production. All these indicate that the test production has no obvious influence on the area of the test production and the submarine slopes in the area are stable during and after the test production. 相似文献
2.
天然气水合物分解可以诱发海底斜坡失稳对海底工程设施产生造成破坏影响。因此,海底斜坡稳定性状态评价对海底工程设施选址、安全运行具有重要意义。文章根据南海北部神狐海域水合物富集区工程地质特征,采用有限元强度折减法分析了斜坡几何参数、土层强度变化,以及水合物储层特征等因素对水合物分解前后海底斜坡稳定性的影响规律。结果表明,未考虑水合物分解时,海底斜坡稳定性主要受控于斜坡坡度和土体强度,且主要表现为浅层滑坡。考虑水合物的分解时,水合物层强度降低会对斜坡的整体稳定性产生影响,但同等上覆层条件下最危险滑动面位置受水合物层埋深影响较大,且存在受地形几何特征与上覆土层强度控制的临界埋深。埋深大于临界埋深时,水合物分解对斜坡稳定性的影响较小,最危险滑动面位置位于上部浅层,表现为浅表层破坏。小于临界埋深时,最危险滑动面位置则经过水合物层,表现为深层滑坡。根据目前模型中的水合物层埋深条件,水合物分解后的深层滑动面安全系数仍高于浅部地层,意味该海域水合物开采仍需要关注浅层海底滑坡灾害的影响。 相似文献
3.
Gas hydrates have the potential to be a new energy source and a submarine geohazard. Though researchers generally agree about
the association between gas hydrate dissociation and submarine slope failures, the processes and mechanism of submarine slope
failure caused by gas hydrate dissociation are not clearly understood. In the last few years, some authors have tried to analyse
submarine slope stability by considering the existence and dissociation of gas hydrate, and a few researchers have presented
quantitative models. This paper presents a review of the various causes of submarine slope failures associated with gas hydrate
dissociation. Also, analysis models of submarine slope stability associated with gas hydrate dissociation that are documented
from the literatures including the infinite slope model, wedge model, slump and retrogressive failure model are interpreted
and illustrated, respectively. 相似文献
4.
《地学前缘(英文版)》2022,13(2):101345
The mechanism of slope failure associated with overpressure that is caused by hydrocarbon migration and accumulation remains unclear. High-resolution seismic data and gas hydrate drilling data collected from the Shenhu gas hydrate field (site SH5) offer a valuable opportunity to study the relations between submarine slope failure and hydrocarbon accumulation and flow that is associated with a ～2 km-diameter gas chimney developed beneath site SH5 where none gas hydrates had been recovered by drilling and sampling despite the presence of distinct bottom simulating reflectors (BSRs) and favorable gas hydrate indication. The mechanism of submarine slope failure resulted from buoyancy extrusion and seepage-derived deformation which were caused by overpressure from a ～1100 m-high gas column in a gas chimney was studied via numerical simulation. The ～9.55 MPa overpressure caused by hydrocarbons that migrated through the gas chimney and then accumulated beneath subsurface gas hydrate-bearing impermeable sediments. This may have resulted in a submarine slope failure, which disequilibrated the gas hydrate-bearing zone and completely decomposed the gas hydrate once precipitated at site SH5. Before the gas hydrate decomposition, the largely impermeable sediments overlying the gas chimney may have undergone a major upward deformation due to the buoyancy extrusion of the overpressure in the gas chimney, and slope failure was initiated from plastic strain of the sediments and reduced internal strength. Slope failure subsequently resulted in partial gas hydrate decomposition and sediment permeability increase. The pressurized gas in the gas chimney may have diffused into the overlying sediments controlled by seepage-derived deformation, causing an effective stress reduction at the base of the sediments and significant plastic deformation. This may have formed a new cycle of submarine slope failure and finally the total gas hydrate dissociation. The modeling results of buoyancy extrusion and seepage-derived deformation of the overpressure in the gas chimney would provide new understanding in the development of submarine slope failure and the link between slope failure and gas hydrate accumulation and dissociation. 相似文献
5.
Geochemical Process of Gas Hydrate Formation in the Nankai Trough Based on Chloride and Isotopic Anomalies in Interstitial Water 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Abstract: Interstitial water expelled from gas hydrate-bearing and -free sediments in the Nankai Trough are analyzed in terms of Cl-, SO4 2 -, δ18 O and δD. The baselines for the Cl- concentration and δ18 O value are close to seawater values (530 mM and 0%), indicating that the interstitial water is of seawater origin. The δD values decrease with depth, implying isotopic exchange of hydrogen between upwelling biogenic methane depleted in D and interstitial water. The Cl- concentrations in gas hydrate-bearing sediments are anomalously low, while the δ18 O and δD values are both high, suggesting that the water forming these gas hydrates was poor in Cl- and enriched in 18 O and D during gas hydrate formation. Calculation of the gas hydrate saturations using Cl "and δ18 O anomalies gives results of up to 80 % in sand, and shows that the δ18 O baseline is not consistent with the Cl" baseline. The δ18 O baseline increases by +1% in gas hydrate-free clay and silt. This is considered to be caused by clustering of water molecules after gas hydrate dissociation in response to the upward migration of the base of gas hydrate stability, as indicated by the presence of a double bottom-simulating reflector at this site. The water clusters enriched in 18 O are responsible for the increase in the δ18 O baseline with normal Cl". The abrupt shallowing of the base of gas hydrate stability may induce the dissociation of gas hydrates and the accumulation of gases in the new stability zone, representing a geological process that increases gas hydrate saturation. 相似文献
6.
海底沉积物中蕴含着大量的天然气水合物资源。水合物稳定带(HSZ)反映了海底天然气水合物的成矿作用和分布规律,稳定带厚度的影响因素决定了天然气水合物的蕴藏量。水合物稳定带的影响因素有很多种,但每种因素对其的影响程度不同。为探讨水合物稳定带厚度的分布规律,从分析海底天然气水合物相平衡影响因素入手,着重研究了影响稳定带厚度的水合物气体组分、地温梯度、海水深度、海底温度及孔隙水盐度等重要参数,并使用CSM Gem程序对这些影响因素进行模拟计算;然后利用模拟计算所得到的结果数据进行曲线拟合,直至得到较为可信的相平衡曲线;最后根据此相平衡曲线,结合相应条件下的地温梯度曲线方程求得稳定带厚度。通过对预设各条件值与相应得到的稳定带厚度值进行回归分析,得出稳定带厚度与各个影响因素的关系以及这些因素对稳定带厚度的影响程度。 相似文献
7.
南海神狐海域天然气水合物声波测井速度与饱和度关系分析 总被引：3，自引：2，他引：1
利用南海北部神狐海域A站位的地震和测井资料综合分析神狐海域含天然气水合物沉积层的声波测井速度及水合物饱和度的分布特征和变化规律,并对水合物饱和度的理论计算值和实测值进行对比分析,同时对水合物稳定带的纵波速度特征与饱和度的关系进行了综合研究。结果表明：神狐海域A站位的水合物层厚度约20 m,纵波速度在1 873～2 226m/s之间,水合物饱和度在15.0%～47.3%之间变化,水合物饱和度值相对较高;受海底复杂地质因素的影响,根据岩心孔隙水的氯离子淡化程度实测的水合物饱和度随声波速度的变化并不是单一的正比例关系,而是随声波速度的升高而上下波动,波动幅度在10%～20%之间,总体趋势上随声波速度的升高而升高,并集中分布在理论曲线附近;利用热弹性理论速度模型计算并校正后的水合物饱和度随声波速度的增加而有规律地增加,水合物饱和度的理论计算值与实测数据比较吻合,说明所建立的岩石物理模型正确,模型参数选取合理。根据声波速度计算水合物饱和度这一方法可扩展到整个研究区域,并为研究区的水合物资源量评价提供基础数据。 相似文献
8.
我国南海北陆坡水合物富集区广泛发育古滑坡,若水合物开采不当可能导致古滑坡再次滑动。为了探究水合物开采诱发古滑坡再启滑机制,针对含下卧型水合物藏和伴生型水合物藏的两个典型古滑坡体,在边坡极限平衡分析框架内考虑了水合物开采过程中的瞬态孔压与土体抗剪强度变化,分析了水合物开采过程中不同古滑坡体的稳定性演变与失稳模式。研究表明,水合物分解导致所赋存土体的胶结强度弱化,同时逸出气体可能被阻滞于渗透性较低的古滑坡体下方,从而形成横向扩展的高压区。下卧型储层边坡的潜在滑移面贯穿古滑移面,一般表现为滑动型滑坡;开采初期因孔压积聚而导致边坡稳定性降低,开采中后期因二次水合物生成可能导致边坡稳定性有所回升,在本文计算条件下未触发古滑坡复活。伴生型储层边坡的稳定性受土体强度劣化与孔压积聚的共同影响,水合物开采导致古滑坡重新滑动,表现为滑塌型滑坡。 相似文献
9.
10.
首次在中国祁连山冻土区青海木里地区实施了针对天然气水合物的三维地震探测。根据工区内冻土层厚度、地层岩性、水合物储集空间类型和赋存深度等特 点,设计了三维地震数据采集方案,制定了地震数据处理流程,获得了良好的三维地震探测结果。结果表明,工区内天然气水合物赋存层段地震响应特征与国外冻土区的天然气水合物具有明 显差异;冻土层厚度、岩性、水合物储集空间类型等因素,对该区地震资料振幅、频率、速度等影响显著;水合物层段的地震资料存在低频、中等杂乱振幅等明显的特点,这些特征为该区天然气水合物探测和识别提供了依据。 相似文献
11.
含天然气水合物沉积物分解过程的有限元模拟 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
温度和压力的变化会引起含天然气水合物沉积物的分解,其过程伴随着相态转换、孔隙水压力和气压力耗散、热传导、骨架变形等过程的相互耦合作用。基于多孔介质理论建立了描述含天然气水合物沉积物分解过程的数学模型,考虑了水合物分解产生的水、气流动、水合物相变和分解动力学过程、热传导、骨架变形等过程的耦合作用。基于有限元法,建立了模拟水合物分解过程的数值模型,并编制了计算机分析程序。通过对降压法和升温法开采过程的数值模拟,揭示了在水合物分解过程中沉积物储层的变形、压力、温度等因素的变化规律。结果表明：降压法和升温法都会导致储层变形以及产生超孔隙压力,但两种方法作用效果不同;同时,水合物分解过程包含渗流及热传导作用。 相似文献
12.
天然气水合物是一种新型的清洁能源,具有广阔的应用前景。但在水合物开采过程中温压条件的改变会引起水合物的分解,导致含水合物沉积物胶结强度的丧失;同时,沉积物在加载过程中由于其内部微裂纹、缺陷逐渐扩展以及土颗粒间的水合物逐渐破碎也会引发含水合物沉积物的损伤,而以往对于水合物分解过程中多场耦合模型的研究忽略了沉积物结构损伤演化过程及其对耦合过程的影响。因此,基于连续损伤理论,在损伤统计本构模型中引入三参数的Weibull分布和残余强度修正系数,建立起考虑损伤阈值和残余强度影响的含水合物沉积物损伤统计本构模型;进而将本构模型嵌入到水合物分解过程的多场耦合模型中,建立了考虑含水合物沉积物损伤的温度-应力-渗流-化学（THMC）多场耦合数学模型;基于该模型讨论了含水合物沉积物结构损伤对水合物分解过程中沉积物储层的变形、压力、温度等因素的影响规律。通过计算分析发现：含水合物沉积物结构损伤对水合物分解的多场耦合过程具有显著影响,并且随着分解时间的增加,其影响逐渐增大。 相似文献
13.
现代暖期(Current Warm Period,CWP,1850—至今)以来全球气温升高,南海北部陆坡底层海水温度升高、海平面上升影响海底天然气水合物稳定性。为探究现代暖期气候变暖对南海北部陆坡水合物分解影响,本文模拟计算了东沙海域、神狐海域、西沙海域、琼东南海域水合物赋存水深最浅处水合物的饱和度在1 000年内变化情况,评估了受现代暖期气候变暖影响水合物赋存水深范围,讨论了水合物分解量及其对环境影响。结果发现:(1)受现代暖期气候变暖影响,东沙海域、西沙海域、琼东南海域水合物分解,神狐海域水合物不分解;当东沙海域、西沙海域、琼东南海域水深分别超过665、770、725 m,水合物不分解;(2)现代暖期自始以来,南海北部陆坡水合物分解量为9.36×107~3.83×108 m3,产生的甲烷量为1.54×1010~6.28×1010 m3;(3)受现代暖期气候变暖影响,南海北部陆坡每年水合物分解量为5.5×105~2.25×106 m3,产生的甲烷量为9.02×107~3.69×108 m3,这些甲烷中3.61×105~1.48×106 m3能够进入大气,对温室效应贡献度为每年我国人类生活的0.01%~0.06%;与此同时,1.77×107~7.23×107 m3甲烷可能会在海水中被氧化形成弱酸,加重南海北部陆坡海水酸化。 相似文献
14.
深海水合物赋存于一定的温度和压力环境下,降压开采时降压速率对分解产气速率和储层变形特性影响显著。利用浙江大学自主研发的水合物降压开采试验装置,通过伺服控制降压速率,初步开展了水合物储层模型降压开采试验,研究了储层温度场、孔压场、产气量等的响应特性,探讨了降压速率对产气效率和储层变形特性的影响规律。试验表明：水合物竖井降压开采时,开采井周围储层温度率先下降,分解域由井周逐步向周围发展。适当提高降压速率能够提高储层开采效率,但降压速率过快时易导致水合物重生成,反而不利于水合物高效持续稳定开采,开采时应选择合理的降压速率以达到最优产气效率。开采过程中根据储层孔隙与外界连通程度,储层孔隙状态可分为完全封闭型、局部封闭型和开放型3种类型。储层开采试验完成后,浅层土体出现 3 种不同变形特征的区域：I 区为井周土层,呈漏斗型下陷;II 区土层平坦,无明显扰动痕迹;III 区为边界土层,该处水气产出受阻导致部分气体向上迁移引起土丘状隆起带出现。这些变形特征与气体在储层中的迁移路径和运移模式相关。通过相似性分析,给出了模型与原型分解时间和产气量等的对应关系。 相似文献
15.
天然气水合物发育的构造背景分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
大量的钻孔资料和地震剖面显示主动大陆边缘的增生楔和被动大陆边缘的俯冲-增生楔、断裂-褶皱系、底辟构造或泥火山、滑塌构造、海底扇、"麻坑"构造和陆地多年冻土区等多种地质构造背景是形成天然气水合物的有利场所,可形成构造圈闭型天然气水合物矿藏。这些地质构造背景一方面大多是深部热成因气、生物成因气或混合成因气体或流体向上运移到海底的通道,形成天然气水合物矿藏;另一方面也可能造成天然气水合物的温压环境改变,致使天然气水合物分解。海底滑塌亦可能是天然气水合物分解所致,是潜在的地质灾害。 相似文献
16.
This study, based on 3.5 kHz SBP, 3D seismic data and long piston cores obtained during MD179 cruise, elucidated the timing and causes of pockmark and submarine canyon formation on the Joetsu Knoll in the eastern margin of the Sea of Japan. Gas hydrate mounds and pockmarks aligned parallel to the axis on the top of the Joetsu Knoll are associated with gas chimneys, pull-up structures, faults, and multiple bottom-simulating reflectors (BSRs), suggesting that thermogenic gas migrated upward through gas chimneys and faults from deep hydrocarbon sources and reservoirs. Seismic and core data suggest that submarine canyons on the western slope of the Joetsu Knoll were formed by turbidity currents generated by sand and mud ejection from pockmarks on the knoll. The pockmark and canyon formation probably commenced during the sea-level fall, lasting until transgression stages. Subsequently, hydropressure release during the sea level lowering might have instigated dissociation of the gas hydrate around the base of the gas hydrate, leading to generation and migration of large volumes of methane gas to the seafloor. Accumulation of hydrate caps below mounds eventually caused the collapse of the mounds and the formation of large depressions (pockmarks) along with ejection of sand and mud out of the pockmarks, thereby generating turbidity currents. Prolonged pockmark and submarine canyon activities might have persisted until the transgression stage because of time lags from gas hydrate dissociation around the base of the gas hydrate until upward migration to the seafloor. This study revealed the possibility that submarine canyons were formed by pockmark activities. If that process occurred, it would present important implications for reconstructing the long-term history of shallow gas hydrate activity based on submarine canyon development. 相似文献
17.
大陆边缘深水区海底滑坡及其不稳定性风险评估 总被引：6，自引：1，他引：5
海底滑坡是大陆坡一种常见的沉积作用过程。这种沉积作用包括滑塌和碎屑流等重力流作用过程,它能将沉积物运移数百公里,严重危害深水油气开发平台、油气管线、海底电缆等设施;同时,还可能导致巨大破坏性的海啸。虽然导致海底滑坡的因素很多,但近年来发现海底滑坡的触发机制可能与地震作用和海底天然气水合物的分解关系密切。随着深水油田的开发和深海工程的日益增多,这种地质作用越来越引起学术界和工业界的重视。在介绍大陆边缘深水区海底滑坡的构成、识别和触发机制的基础上,提出海底滑坡的地质风险评估方法。 相似文献
18.
水合物含量、有效围压是影响含天然气水合物沉积物力学性质的主要因素,在忽略其他次要因素（包括水合物种类、试样颗粒大小、试验条件等）的情况下,水合物含量和有效围压是决定试样弹性模量的两个关键参数。在分析等效弹性模量与水合物含量相互关系的基础上,考虑有效围压的影响,建立了弹性模量与有效围压的幂函数关系;同时采用Drucker-Prager破坏准则来表示含天然气水合物沉积物微元强度,并假设其微元强度服从Weibull分布,从而建立了含天然气水合物沉积物的损伤统计本构模型,与不同有效围压下的试验结果及已有研究成果相比较,表明了所建模型能够很好地模拟三轴剪切条件下含水合物沉积物试样的应力-应变关系特性。此研究成果可对含天然气水合物沉积物工程性状的数值模拟提供参考。 相似文献
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针对南海荔湾3-1气田管线穿过的海底峡谷区6个典型斜坡剖面,分别采用有限元强度折减法和极限平衡法开展斜坡稳定性分析,模型考虑了土层强度随深度的变化。计算结果对比表明,有限元强度折减法与极限平衡法分析结果一致,其中与Spencer法结果最接近,稳定系数相对误差小于3.5%。重力作用下各斜坡基本处于相对稳定状态,峡谷中下部土强度较低且坡度较高的局部区域接近临界状态,峡谷头部因坡度相对较小且土体强度相对较大,其斜坡稳定系数相对较高。地震水平加速度能够明显降低该区斜坡的稳定系数,且随着加速度值的增大滑动深度逐渐变大。当水平加速度达到0.2g时峡谷中下部区域大部分会发生滑动。海底地形坡度和土层强度是影响峡谷区斜坡稳定性的主要因素,且稳定系数与滑动面对局部坡度和强度分布较为敏感,合理的稳定性评价依赖于精确的地形数据与土层力学参数。 相似文献
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含软弱层岩质边坡的动力响应研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
含软弱层岩质边坡的动力响应研究已成为边坡工程稳定性分析中的一个重要问题。为研究软弱层的特性对岩质边坡动力响应的影响,提供动力荷载作用下边坡防灾减灾的指导依据,运用UDEC离散元软件模拟地震力作用下含软弱层岩质边坡的动力响应系统地分析软弱层的倾角、埋深、弹性模量、厚度、泊松比和剪切刚度等因素对地震波放大现象的影响,得出边坡坡顶放大系数的变化规律,即随着软弱层倾角的增大,放大系数呈现出增大→减小→再增大→再减小,并出现地震响应减弱的现象;放大系数随软弱层埋深和厚度的增加而增大,但随弹性模量、剪切刚度的增大而减小,随泊松比的增加几乎不变。结合非重复性试验二元方差分析评价理论,对所得的放大系数进行计算分析,得出软弱层的特性因素对边坡放大作用的影响强度为软弱层的倾角＞埋深＞弹性模量＞剪切刚度＞厚度＞泊松比。研究结果有助于进一步揭示地震作用下边坡的失稳机制, 对震区边坡灾害的防治有一定的指导意义。 相似文献