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1.
《地学前缘(英文版)》2022,13(3):101352
Characterization of critically stressed seismogenic fault systems in diverse tectonic settings can be used to explore the stress/frictional condition of faults, along with its sensitivity for seismicity modulation by periodic stress perturbation. However, the process of seismicity modulation in response to external stress perturbation remains debated. In this paper, the characteristic difference in the seismicity modulation due to resonance destabilization phenomenon governed by rate-and-state friction is presented and validated with the globally reported cases of seismicity modulation in diverse tectonic settings. The relatively faster-moving plate boundary regions are equally susceptible for both shorter-period (e.g., semi-diurnal, diurnal, and other small tidal constituents) and long-period (e.g., semi-annual, annual, pole tide and pole wobble) seismicity modulation processes in response to stress perturbations from natural harmonic forcing, including tidal, semi-annual, annual, or multi-annual time scales. In contrast, slowly deforming stable plate interior regions and diffuse deformation zones appear to be more sensitive for long-period seismicity modulation of semi-annual, annual, or even multi-annual time scales but less sensitive for short-period seismicity modulation. This finding is also supported by the theoretical model predictions from the resonance destabilization process and worldwide documented natural observations of seismicity modulation in diverse types of tectonic settings. 相似文献
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Consolidation theory and concepts of rock failure can be used to evaluate the probable risk of induced seismicity as a result of filling of reservoirs. This evaluation indicates the safest way to fill a reservoir, and depends only on the geometry of the load, the rate of filling and the geological structures in the area. The stability function is actually a measure of the risk of having failure, with time, for a particular loading history in respect to a plane of weakness.
The stability function is applied to the area of the Itzantun reservoir, which will be in southern Mexico. Drawdowns can increase the risk of triggering earthquakes in this area, which is prone to thrust faulting. It is possible to estimate the stresses after a period during which the water level is maintained and a decrease in stresses with the depth of the observation point.
The estimates of the probable induced seismicity are limited as the residual stress in the area prior to the impounding is unknown. With a measure of the residual tectonic stress it will be possible to determine an optimal filling rate to reduce the probability of induced seismicity. 相似文献
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天山北缘准南地区的褶皱带为自新生代以来一直持续活动的逆冲构造带,由于逆冲断层的持续活动,形成了现今断层和相关褶皱。钻井资料显示,准南逆冲褶皱带内的超压层主要发育在古近纪安集海河组泥岩和紫泥泉子组泥岩之中,而该泥岩同时又成为逆冲断层发育的主滑脱面。通过多年来对准南地区地面地质调查、二维地震和三维地震资料的解释以及钻井证实,我们统计出准南逆冲褶皱带现存的逆冲断层倾角分别集中在两个区间: 30±5°和50±5°区间。应力分析表明,在持续挤压应力作用下,超压层(泥岩、页岩和煤系地层)中和超压层之下地层中发育的早期逆冲断层与晚期最大主压应力之间的夹角处在30±5°之间时,作用在断层面上的最大主应力与最小主应力比达到最小值,因此该断层最容易再次活动,形成最大的流体压力,因而断层周围的流体就会沿着最大主应力方向发生流动,断层本身就会成为流体运移的主要通道; 而早期逆冲断层与晚期最大主压应力之间的夹角处在50±5°之间时,作用在断层面上的最大主应力与最小主应力比较大,断层重新活动所需要的流体压力较高,导致断层作为流体运移的通道因被挤压而闭合。应力分析和钻井实测应力均指出,准南逆冲褶皱带发育的超压为挤压构造应力形成的超压。这些研究表明,准南逆冲褶皱带的逆冲断层持续活动,导致早期发育的断层在晚期应力作用下,断层倾角聚集在两个优势区间,油气沿最大主压应力方向运移,聚集油气则沿断层滑动面发育形成构造超压,导致该区域油气长期处于运移与聚集的动平衡状态。 相似文献
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南水北调西线第一期工程调水区水压致裂地应力测量及其工程意义 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
本文介绍了水压致裂地应力测量原理和方法及其在南水北调西线工程中的应用。在调水工程沿线测得主应力大小、方向,并分析了其相互关系和分布规律。结果表明现今地壳应力场水平主应力占主导地位,属逆断层状态,且σHmax/σV较大,属于构造影响强烈地区,主压应力方向总体呈NE向,与区域构造线呈锐角相交,是造成区域大多数断裂压扭左行运动的主要动力。进一步分析了深埋隧道发生岩爆灾害的可能性,为南水北调西线工程各引水线路的优化设计和隧道灾害防治提供了可靠资料。 相似文献
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吉塞尔斯地震活动可能是因蒸汽开发引起的.水在一个承受很高构造剪应力和应变的大范围破裂体中汽化为蒸汽。 汽田地震震源机制解与区域构造应变场几乎一致,并且在该区域范围内汽田地震与别的构造地震不易区分。观测中注意到地震活动与注液历史无关,这表明孔隙水压力增高与注液不可能是吉塞尔斯诱发地震的成因。 相反,所有证据都表明诱发地震与孔隙水压力及温度降低有关。形成机制有两种最大可能:其一,是裂隙排水(汽)导致局部剪应力增加所致,其二,是由稳定滑动转化为不稳定滑动(粘滑)。没有其它记载的诱发地震机制与吉塞尔斯汽田条件相符。 相似文献
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Seismicity changes associated with reservoir loading 总被引：12，自引：0，他引：12
David W. Simpson 《Engineering Geology》1976,10(2-4):123-150
Changes in seismic activity have been related to the filling of large reservoirs in over thirty cases. These changes range from variations in the level of micro-earthquake activity detectable only with instruments of high sensitivity to destructive earthquakes with magnitudes greater than 6. On the other hand, the filling of many other large reservoirs has not been accompanied by increased seismicity.
A number of factors may contribute to the generation or absence of post-impounding seismicity. Increased vertical stress due to the load of the reservoir and decreased effective stress due to increased pore pressure can modify the stress regime in the reservoir region. Whether or not these stress changes are sufficient to generate earthquake activity will depend on a complex interaction of the induced stress with the state of pre-existing stress near the reservoir, and on the geologic and hydrologic conditions at the site. The combined effect of increased vertical load and increased pore pressure will have the greatest tendency to increase activity in regions where the maximum compressive stress is vertical (normal faulting). In regions where the minimum compressive stress is vertical (thrust faulting) increased stress due to a vertical load should have a minimum effect. For all of the larger reservoir-induced earthquakes the stress system determined from fault plane solutions is in agreement with the pre-existing stress field in the region of the reservoir. These earthquakes are all of strike-slip or normal type, there being no reported cases of large induced earthquakes with thrusting mechanisms.
The potential for major changes in seismicity may be highest in regions of moderate strain accumulation (low to moderate natural seismicity). In areas of high strain accumulation and high levels of natural seismicity, the stress changes induced by the reservoir will be small compared to natural variations. In aseismic areas, with low strain accumulation, the reservoir-induced stresses may be insufficient to raise the stress level to a state of failure. 相似文献
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陆内裂陷盆地区形成和演化过程中的构造力包括4方面：（1）地幔对流由岩石圈板块底面边界施加到岩石圈板块内部的构造力F1;（2）板块相对运动通过岩石圈板块侧面边界施加到岩石圈板块内部的构造力F2;（3）岩石圈受热膨胀和冷却收缩在地壳内部产生的构造力F3;（4）地壳质量在地壳内部产生的围压F4。地壳中的应力是这4方面的构造力的函数S(Fi),其中,F1和 F2的大小和方向对三轴应力状态的主应力大小和方向起决定作用。地壳发育正断层的条件是应力状态方程S（Fi）中σ2 σ3主应力平面大致处于水平面状态、σ1近直立。当F1和F2的方向一致且F1＞F2或F1和F2的作用方向相互垂直的情况下,F1和F2合成的应力场中的最小主应力方向与X轴方向一致,地壳发生正向裂陷作用。在F1和F2的方向既不平行也不垂直的情况下, F1和F2叠加产生最小主应力（σ3）的方向与X轴方向不一致,地壳发生斜向裂陷作用。当地幔对流从岩石圈底部对岩石圈产生的引张作用力减小、板块之间相对运动从岩石圈侧面边界对岩石圈产生的挤压作用力增强的情形下,地壳应力状态S（Fi）在X轴和Y轴构成的水平面上的最大主应力可能超过Z轴方向的主应力,使σZ相当于三轴应力状态的σ2,裂陷盆地发生走滑构造变形。如果地壳应力状态S（Fi）在X轴和Y轴构成的水平面上的最小主应力也超过Z轴方向的主应力,则σZ相当于三轴应力状态的σ3,裂陷盆地发生收缩构造变形,可能发育逆冲断层或使早期的正断层发生反转位移。随着裂陷作用的渐进发展,不同时期F1和F2的大小和方向的变化导致地壳应力场的主应力轴方向也相应发生变化,使裂陷盆地在不同演化阶段表现出不同的构造变形特征。 相似文献
8.
A new case of reservoir triggered seismicity: Govind Ballav Pant reservoir (Rihand dam), central India 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
We report here that seismicity near Govind Ballav Pant reservoir is strongly influenced by the reservoir operations. It is the second largest reservoir in India, which is built on Rihand river in the failed rift region of central India. Most of the earthquakes occurred during the high water stand in the reservoir with a time lag of about 1 month. We use the concept of coulomb stress change and use Green's function based approach to estimate stresses and pore pressure due to the reservoir load. We find that the reservoir increases coulomb stress on the nearby faults of the region that are favourably oriented for failure in predominantly reverse slip manner under the NNE–SSW compression and thus promotes failure. The above two factors make it an obvious, yet so far unreported case of reservoir triggered seismicity. 相似文献
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汊涧斜坡带位于金湖凹陷西斜坡南部,第三系沉积期间主要经历了吴堡和三垛运动,形成了复杂的断裂体系,属复杂断块油藏,区内低级序断层较为发育。根据断层平面展布确定阜宁期最小主应力方向为北北西350°,采用有限元法建立地质模型并进行构造应力场数值模拟,计算得出各应力分布,并据此对低级序断层发育规律进行预测。研究表明,汊涧斜坡带阜宁期最大、最小主应力均为水平方向,形成的低级序断层具有张扭性特征;低级序断层的发育主要受最大与最小主应力差值及剪应力控制,主应力差值控制断层优势发育地区,平面剪应力控制断层走向,剖面剪应力控制断层倾向。 相似文献
10.
Variability in Early Amazonian Tharsis stress state based on wrinkle ridges and strike-slip faulting
We present evidence for a decrease in the magnitude of Tharsis-circumferential compressive stress during the Late Hesperian to the Middle Amazonian based on chronologic changes in the predominant style of faulting in southern Amazonis Planitia. Using high-resolution MOLA topography, we identify a population of strike-slip faults that exhibit Middle Amazonian-aged displacements of regional chrono-stratigraphic units. These strike-slip faults are adjacent to an older population of previously documented Late Hesperian-aged thrust faults (wrinkle ridges). Along-strike orientations of these thrust and strike-slip faults reveal the Tharsis-radial stress to be the area's most compressive remote principal stress and that this stress orientation and magnitude persisted throughout the Late Hesperian to the Middle Amazonian. We show that the change in the predominant style of faulting from thrust faulting to strike-slip faulting during this time requires a decrease of the Tharsis-circumferential compressive stress to a magnitude less than lithostatic load, with negligible change in stress orientation. 相似文献
11.
构造应力场研究对于油气运聚分析及储层特征描述具有重要的理论和实际意义。本文根据塔中隆起断裂特征及其演化史,结合钻井资料,选择中下奥陶统碳酸盐岩为主要研究对象,应用大型有限元分析软件ANSYS,在处理断层问题时运用非连续的接触算法,模拟了中奥陶世末、中泥盆世末、三叠纪末、新近纪末的构造应力场,研究了该区不同时期的古应力分布特征。研究表明,最大主压应力受东部车尔臣-星星峡走滑断裂影响显著,在隆起区沿断裂带呈条带状低值分布,在不同时期塔中Ⅰ号断裂带无一例外地位于最大主压应力的最低区,反映了塔中断裂带尤其是塔中Ⅰ号断裂带是油气运移的有利指向区。最小主压应力沿断裂带呈条带状高值分布,在断裂的上盘、断裂走向发生变化和断裂的倾末端是张应力高值区,为张裂缝发育的重要构造部位。最小主压应力和最大剪应力受车尔臣-星星峡走滑断裂的影响明显减弱。 相似文献
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This paper presents the end Late Paleozoic tectonic stress field in the southern edge of Junggar Basin by interpreting stress-response structures(dykes,folds,faults with slickenside and conjugate joints).The direction of the maximum principal stress axes is interpreted to be NW—SE (about 325°),and the accommodated motion among plates is assigned as the driving force of this tectonic stress field.The average value of the stress index R’ is about 2.09,which indicates a variation from strike-slip to compressive tectonic stress regime in the study area during the end Late Paleozoic period.The reconstruction of the tectonic field in the southern edge of Junggar Basin provides insights into the tectonic deformation processes around the southern Junggar Basin and contributes to the further understanding of basin evolution and tectonic settings during the culmination of the Paleozoic. 相似文献
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The present status of reservoir induced seismicity investigations with special emphasis on Koyna earthquakes 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Harsh K. Gupta 《Tectonophysics》1985,118(3-4)
The status of Reservoir Induced Seismicity (RIS) has been reviewed periodically (Rothé, 1968, 1973; Gupta and Rastogi, 1976; Simpson, 1976; Packer et al., 1979). In the present paper, the significant work carried out during the last three years on RIS is reviewed.An earthquake of magnitude
occurred on November 14, 1981 in the vicinity of Aswan Lake, Egypt, 17 years after the filling started in 1964. This event occurred 4 days after the seasonal maximum in the reservoir water level and was followed by a long sequence of aftershocks. Another event of magnitude
occurred in the vicinity of Aswan Lake on August 20, 1982. Results of preliminary investigations indicate that this seismic activity is reservoir induced. Recent analyses of induced seismic events at Nurek Reservoir U.S.S.R., show that the second stage of filling during August to December 1976, increasing the maximum depth from 120 m to 200 m, was accompanied by an intense burst of shallow seismic activity. An outward migration from the centre of the reservoir, possibly associated with diffusion of pore pressure, is revealed by the temporal distribution of earthquake foci. A variety of investigations including the in situ measurement of tectonic stress, pore pressure, permeability, distribution of faults, etc., in addition to monitoring seismicity, have been undertaken in the vicinity of the Monticello Reservoir, South Carolina. The largest reservoir induced earthquake is predicted not to exceed magnitude 5.The Koyna Reservoir, India, continues to be the most outstanding example of RIS. Three earthquakes of magnitude
5 occurred in September 1980. Earthquakes of magnitude 4 occur frequently in the vicinity of Koyna, the latest being on February 5, 1983. Events that occurred during the period 1967–1973 have been relocated using better procedures and are found to be much shallower and the epicentres less diffused. Location of 12 earthquakes of Ms 4.0, their foreshocks and aftershocks, that occurred during 1973–1976, composite focal mechanism solutions and related studies are consistent with the delineation of a N-S trending fault through the reservoir area. In a couple of interesting studies it has been demonstrated that earthquakes of magnitude 5.0 in the Koyna region are usually preceded by several magnitude 4 earthquakes in the preceding fortnight. Also, a rate of loading of Koyna reservoir of at least 40 ft/week appears to be a necessary, although not sufficient, condition for the occurrence of magnitude 5 earthquakes. Smooth filling/emptying appears to be the key to reduce the hazard of RIS.A map and a table of the reported cases of reservoir induced changes in seismicity through 1982 have been compiled. 相似文献
16.
The results of field structural studies of the Tuapse shear zone in the Northwest Caucasus are presented. This zone is characterized by shear displacements of various scales with a dominant horizontal shear, viz., a geodynamic type of the stress state, which leads to the formation of faults with mostly lateral displacement of wings, i.e., along the strike of the fault surface. The quantitative characteristics of the local stress conditions in the shear zone (the positions of principal axes and the Lode–Nadai coefficient) are determined on the basis of cataclastic analysis and geological indicators of the paleostresses. The differences between these characteristics are considered for the large tectonic zones. Significant spatial (areal) variations in orientations of the axes of major normal stresses in the shear zone and their local weak gentle variations are evidence of a consistent general stress direction during the formation of faults during the Late Eocene–Miocene deformation epoch. 相似文献
17.
Jacques Angelier 《Tectonophysics》1979,52(1-4)
Upper Pleistocene and Holocene tectonic movements in the Aegean region are analyzed by geological means (deformation of shorelines, faults in Quaternary deposits, historical seismicity). Examples from Crete, Karpathos, Milos, Chios and Samos are presented. While subduction, indicated by geophysical data, occurs beneath the Hellenic Arc, extensional tectonics (i.e., normal faulting) takes place within and behind the arc, resulting in a slight expansion of the Aegean region towards the Eastern Mediterranean. 相似文献
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A review of theories of mechanisms of induced seismicity 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Carl Kisslinger 《Engineering Geology》1976,10(2-4):85-98
Theories of the physical processes leading to the stimulation of seismic activity by underground explosions, fluid injection, and reservoir impoundment are summarized. In all cases, the materials must be pre-stressed to a substantial fraction of their breaking strength in order for seismicity to be induced. Stress concentrations due to the presence of old faults or to inhomogeneities in the material properties play an important role in localizing induced seismicity.
For the few cases for which data are available, the stimulation of earthquakes by fluid injection in bore holes is adequately explained by a Coulomb-Mohr failure criterion and the concept of effective pressure in a water-filled porous mechanism. Reservoir-related earthquakes are most likely due to the same mechanism, but, in view of the low injection pressures, additional physical or chemical effects of the water on the materials may play an important role. There may be a weakening of the materials in old fault zones by the introduction of water or static fatigue in silicate rocks due to stress corrosion. 相似文献