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1.
中国大气臭氧探空仪的研制和应用 总被引：9，自引：1，他引：9
地球大气中的臭氧一直是全球气候和环境变化研究中的重要内容。大气臭氧探空系统是当前直接获得地球大气臭氧垂直结构资料的直接探测系统，同时也是为卫星臭氧探测和激光雷达臭氧探测等提供对比和定标的有力手段。中国大气臭氧探空仪的研制工作起步较晚且进展缓慢，这在一定程度上妨碍了中国大气臭氧高空探测业务化的进程。首次报道了中国大气臭氧高空探测业务化进展状况，重点报告中国自行研制的大气臭氧探空仪的结构和技术性能指标，讨论了中国大气臭氧探空仪主要技术性能指标与芬兰Vaisala臭氧探空仪的比对结果，并给出该系统在北京、南极等地区应用施放中所得到的部分探测结果。同时对中国大气臭氧高空探测业务化方面的近期任务提出了建议。 相似文献
2.
《Comptes Rendus Geoscience》2018,350(7):435-441
Many observers and commentators have used the case of ozone science and politics as a role model for climate science and politics. Two crucial assumptions underpin this view: (1) that science drives policymaking, and (2) that a unified, international science assessment is essential to provide “one voice” of science that speaks to policymakers. I will argue that these assumptions are theoretically problematic and empirically questionable. We should realize that both cases, ozone and climate, are profoundly different and only have superficial similarities. Ozone science developed late, but efforts to protect the ozone layer happened swiftly. The relation between carbon dioxide and climate change has been studied for many decades, but efforts to control global warming have failed so far. I will discuss the linear model of the science-policy relationship and use the typology of tame and wicked problems to explain this stark difference. 相似文献
3.
北京十三陵中元古代串岭沟期地质事的探索 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
宏观、微观和地球化学研究结果证明在北京十三陵中元古界长城系串沟组有地质事件层。宏观标志包括一系列地震滑塌、砂体液化、层内错断和角砾化构造等;微观标志包括火山晶屑,火山玻璃的假象,显微层内错位等。地球化学资料表明,Ｒｅ、０ｓ及其同位素和Ｉｒ含量异常,某些稀有元素含量的对比等等,都有可能说明地质事件引起了异常现象的出现,笔者认为串岭沟组的地质事件是由于燕山裂陷槽形成早期的火山活动及由其引发的地震事件产 相似文献
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5.
This paper provides a detailed account of the landslide that took place between 09:00 and 10:00 am on April 25, 2009, near the village of Rampac Grande in northern Peru (department of Ancash). Lives were lost and property
destroyed during the event. Archive information, remotely sensed data, and detailed field investigations including sampling
were applied to describe the events. Historically, landslides have been a common problem in this region with recorded events
dating as far back as the 1800s. The landslide is considered as a deep-seated composite rotational–translational earth slide–earth
flow. The local community suspected that a mining company had triggered the landslide as it prospected for precious metals.
No evidence was found to suggest that anthropogenic activity caused the landslide. Instead, it was likely caused by the considerable
amount of cumulative precipitation during the annual rainy season. Several possible sources of future landslide reactivation
have been identified. Finally, a poster has been produced for the local community providing basic information about the event
and how to manage the potential future landslide hazard. It is hoped that this simple method of knowledge dissemination will
provide a fundamental bridge between the efforts of research scientists and the needs of the local community. 相似文献
6.
黄河源区降水与径流过程对ENSO事件的响应特征 总被引：19，自引：10，他引：19
根据最新季分辨率ENSO指数序列所确认的近40年多来所发生的20次ENSO事件，并确定了每次ENSO事件强度及其影响年，通过对相应年份黄河源区降水与径流距平变化值的对比，分析了降水与径流过程对ENSO事件响应的统计规律；ENSO事件与黄河源区降水与径流年际波动变化有很好的相关性，这种相关性与ENSO事件的性质强弱，发生季节以及持续时间等有关。一般夏秋季暖事件无论强弱均使影响年降水减少，发生于春季的中等强度暖事件使发生年降水呈负距平，影响年降水呈增加趋势，冷事件与暖事件对降水的影响正好相反；暖事件对应年份黄河源区径流量减少，而冷事件则使其增加，随着20世纪90年代以来暖事件发生频率的增加，径流呈现持续减少。 相似文献
7.
John Antonopoulos 《Natural Hazards》1984,5(1):83-93
In 427 BC, a major earthquake occurred in ancient Greece. In particular, Attica, Boeotia, and the island of Euboea were the areas where seismic activity was most frequent. The fact that these events happened in conjuction with the Peloponnesian war provides us with an account made by historians of the war. Such an account is the one made by Thucydides.During the spring and summer of 426 BC shocks continued to take place. This time, the sea area between the island of Euboea and the mainland (Maliakos gulf) was also affected and as a result, a seismic sea-wave of considerable size formed. The tsunami, as it is better known, swept the surrounding coastal area. Major topographic alteration of the area occurred, resulting in a huge loss of life and the destruction of cities.In this paper, the author attempts to describe this event and to explain scientifically how it happened, and how this affected the shape of the area and human life.All the evidence used in this paper has been cross-referenced with at least one other historic or scientific source. Although it was extremely difficult to uncover hidden detail about an event so far in the past, any facts that could not be verified have not been included. 相似文献
8.
John Antonopoulos 《Natural Hazards》1992,5(1):83-93
In 427 BC, a major earthquake occurred in ancient Greece. In particular, Attica, Boeotia, and the island of Euboea were the areas where seismic activity was most frequent. The fact that these events happened in conjuction with the Peloponnesian war provides us with an account made by historians of the war. Such an account is the one made by Thucydides. During the spring and summer of 426 BC shocks continued to take place. This time, the sea area between the island of Euboea and the mainland (Maliakos gulf) was also affected and as a result, a seismic sea-wave of considerable size formed. The tsunami, as it is better known, swept the surrounding coastal area. Major topographic alteration of the area occurred, resulting in a huge loss of life and the destruction of cities. In this paper, the author attempts to describe this event and to explain scientifically how it happened, and how this affected the shape of the area and human life. All the evidence used in this paper has been cross-referenced with at least one other historic or scientific source. Although it was extremely difficult to uncover hidden detail about an event so far in the past, any facts that could not be verified have not been included. 相似文献
9.
南海全球变化研究进展 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
本文以文献资料和作者的工作成果,简略回顾了近年来南海海域全球变化研究的若干重要进展,其中包括:南海深海区已经初步建立了约33Ma以来的年代地层学框架,查明了一系列长时间尺度的环境变化阶段、轨道演化周期及其转型(如"中更新世革命")、突发环境事件(如大火、火山、玻璃陨石事件)和短时间尺度的非轨道事件(如"新仙女木事件"、H事件和D/O事件)以及高分辨率环境演化记录。文中还指出需要加大南海的研究力度,以利于查明全球变化中的海-陆-气相互作用及其动力学机制。 相似文献
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11.
Kirk D. Borne 《Earth Science Informatics》2010,3(1-2):5-17
The growth of data volumes in science is reaching epidemic proportions. Consequently, the status of data-oriented science as a research methodology needs to be elevated to that of the more established scientific approaches of experimentation, theoretical modeling, and simulation. Data-oriented scientific discovery is sometimes referred to as the new science of X-Informatics, where X refers to any science (e.g., Bio-, Geo-, Astro-) and informatics refers to the discipline of organizing, describing, accessing, integrating, mining, and analyzing diverse data resources for scientific discovery. Many scientific disciplines are developing formal sub-disciplines that are information-rich and data-based, to such an extent that these are now stand-alone research and academic programs recognized on their own merits. These disciplines include bioinformatics and geoinformatics, and will soon include astroinformatics. We introduce Astroinformatics, the new data-oriented approach to 21st century astronomy research and education. In astronomy, petascale sky surveys will soon challenge our traditional research approaches and will radically transform how we train the next generation of astronomers, whose experiences with data are now increasingly more virtual (through online databases) than physical (through trips to mountaintop observatories). We describe Astroinformatics as a rigorous approach to these challenges. We also describe initiatives in science education (not only in astronomy) through which students are trained to access large distributed data repositories, to conduct meaningful scientific inquiries into the data, to mine and analyze the data, and to make data-driven scientific discoveries. These are essential skills for all 21st century scientists, particularly in astronomy as major new multi-wavelength sky surveys (that produce petascale databases and image archives) and grand-scale simulations (that generate enormous outputs for model universes, such as the Millennium Simulation) become core research components for a significant fraction of astronomical researchers. 相似文献
12.
《Comptes Rendus Geoscience》2018,350(7):442-447
The Montreal Protocol has controlled the production and consumption of ozone-depleting substances (ODSs) since its signing in 1987. The levels of most of these ODSs are now declining in the atmosphere, and there are now initial signs that ozone levels are increasing in the stratosphere. Scientific challenges remain for the Montreal Protocol. The science community projected large ozone losses if ODSs continued to increase, and that ozone levels would increase if ODSs were controlled and their levels declined. Scientists remain accountable for these projections, while they continue to refine their scientific basis. The science community remains vigilant for emerging threats to the ozone layer and seeks scientific evidence that demonstrates compliance with Montreal Protocol. As ODSs decrease, the largest impact on stratospheric ozone by the end of the 21st century will be increases in greenhouse gases. The associated climate forcings, and the human responses to these forcings, represent major uncertainties for the future of the stratospheric ozone layer. 相似文献
13.
The impact of irrigation water supply rate on agricultural drought disaster risk: a case about maize based on EPIC in Baicheng City,China 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
This study presents a methodology for risk analysis, assessment, and combination of drought disasters under the different irrigational levels in Baicheng City, which is supported by run theory, copula functions, crop growth model, and technique of natural disaster risk assessment from the viewpoints of climatology, geography, hydrology, agricultural science, disaster science, environmental science, and so on. Along with the global warming, the occurrences of water-related disasters become more frequent and more serious. It is necessary to determine the laws of the relationship between irrigational ability and the loss caused by drought. Drought events were identified by using run theory; the drought frequency was calculated by using copula function; the loss of every drought event was simulated by using EPIC model; and the relationship curves under the different irrigational supply conditions between the drought frequency and the yield reduction rate of the drought event were fitted to assess the impact of irrigational supply rate on the loss caused by drought. The results show that in the range of crop water demand, the loss caused by drought decreases as the result of the increase in irrigational supply rate; however, their variations are not proportional. The loss caused by the certain frequency drought event under the certain irrigational supply condition could be calculated by the curve of drought disaster risk assessment constructed by this study. The results obtained from this study are specifically intended to support local and national governmental agencies on agricultural disaster management. 相似文献
14.
Probabilistic Assessment of Vent Locations for the Next Auckland Volcanic Field Event 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Auckland, New Zealand’s most populous Region is centred on the Auckland volcanic field (AVF), which contains an estimated 49 small-volume basaltic volcanoes. Although these volcanoes are considered monogenetic, a number of centres may have been active either simultaneously or within a short period of time. After reviewing the characteristics of the field, known vent locations and a provisional eruption sequence were used to estimate likely eruption locations for the next event. The term event is used here to describe a short period of activity comprising one or more eruptions. Point pattern analysis and temporal consideration allow vents related by location and age to be grouped, suggesting that as few as 18 separate events may have produced the AVF. Probability distributions describing previous event attributes were used to generate Monte Carlo simulations, each defining likely vent locations for the next AVF event. Simulations were based on the assumption that distance from Rangitoto, the youngest volcano in the field, to the next event is best approximated using distances between the centroids of previous consecutive events. The maximum extent of the field is constrained only by faulting on its eastern side. The simulations show that 69% of events involved at least one eruption centred either on land or within 1 km of the coast. These events would result in substantial damage to buildings and infrastructure, significant business interruption and, potentially, loss of life. A simple risk assessment is presented considering only spatial eruption probability contingent upon a future event and building density within a 2 km grid. Work in progress aims to develop a more realistic assessment of risk for the region. 相似文献
15.
青藏高原东缘大渡河中游深切河谷沉积物及其地震地质意义 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
青藏高原东缘的大渡河中游泸定—石棉段呈深切河谷地貌,发育岩崩、滑坡、古地震堰塞湖、冲洪积扇等不同类型的堆积物、沉积物。基于野外调查、遥感解译、剖面测量和光释光测年(OSL)发现,这些沉积物记录了龙门山断裂带西南段——冷碛镇断裂2万年来的两期活动,可能是2次古地震事件。第一期发生在18ka左右,冷碛镇断裂切割了晚更新世的角砾状砂层和岩崩堆积物,显示右行走滑特征。这期变形促使大渡河堵塞,形成得威乡古堰塞湖,其堵江位置位于加郡乡—得妥乡的V型深切河谷段。第二期活动冷碛镇断裂切割了湖相地层,并破坏了堰塞湖,可能发生在11ka左右。新发现对于全面认识龙门山断裂带的活动历史、序列及方式具有重要意义。 相似文献
16.
四川省暴雨过程综合评估模型的研究及建立 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
利用1961-2013年四川省156个国家级气象观测站的逐日降水资料,按照暴雨过程的识别标准,统计得到851次暴雨过程。选取了4项适用于四川省天气气候特征的暴雨过程评价指标,依据历史重现期划分出各指标的等级标准,并利用欧氏距离函数建立了暴雨过程等级评估模型。为能全面反映整个暴雨过程的强度,构建了一个物理意义清晰的暴雨过程综合强度评估模型。该模型客观地考虑了4项指标的权重及其自身变率,对暴雨过程的描述更加科学。通过对历史暴雨过程进行评估分析,发现评估结果与历史灾害事件的记载在时间和强度上具有较好的一致性,评估效果理想,可满足四川省暴雨天气过程定量评估业务的需求。 相似文献
17.
《Geodinamica Acta》2013,26(1-2):21-35
The Voltri Massif underwent a polyphasic tectono-metamorphic evolution that records both the Alpine and part of the Apennine deformation events. So this is a key-area to investigate the relationships between Alpine and Apennine deformation events. This paper focus on the upper crustal deformations (UCD) that characterize the last stages of the tectonics of the Voltri Massif. In the Voltri Massif UCD are characterized by the superpositions of ductile, brittle-ductile and brittle structures that can be attributed to three main tectonic events (from D3 to D5). The oldest UCD event (D3) developed folds and reverse shear zones under ductile to brittle-ductile conditions. Main compressive NW-SE oriented regime characterized D3 event. Brittle-ductile to brittle reverse shear zones and important strike-slip/transpressive systems overprinted D3 structures. This D4 event was significant at the regional scale and occurred under main transpressive, NE-SW oriented, regime. The latest normal and transtensional brittle structures, that formed during UCD D5 event, locally reactivated the older structures. 相似文献
18.
吉南地区晚震旦世震积岩特征 总被引：17，自引：0，他引：17
在吉南地区晚震旦世地层序列中,普遍发育有一套地震事件沉积物,其在垂向上由振动注伦泥昌碳酸盐脉灰岩,卷曲变形灰岩,阶梯状断层,海啸颗粒灰岩,津浪丘状交错层灰岩及钙屑浊积岩组成。 相似文献
19.
Tsunami in the last 15 years: a bibliometric analysis with a detailed overview and future directions
In the last fifteen years, tsunami science has progressed at a rapid pace. Three major tsunamis: The Indian Ocean in 2004, the 2011 Tohoku tsunami, and the 2018 Palu tsunami were significant landmarks in the history of tsunami science. All the three tsunamis, as mentioned, suffered from either no warning or poor reception of the alerts issued. Various lessons learned, consequent numerical models proposed, post-2004 tsunami damage findings manifested into solutions. However, the misperceived solutions led to a disastrous impact of the 2011 Tohoku event. In the following years, numerous improvements in warning systems and community preparedness frameworks were proposed and implemented. The contributions and new findings have added multi-fold advancements to tsunami science progress. Later, the 2018 Palu tsunami happened and again led to a massive loss of life and property. The warning systems and community seemed un-prepared for this non-seismic tsunami. A significant change is to take place in tsunami science practices and solutions. The 2018 tsunami is one of the most discussed and researched events concerning the palaeotsunami records, damage assessment, and source findings. In the new era, using machine learning and deep learning prevails in all the fields related to tsunami science. This article presents a complete 15-year bibliometric analysis of tsunami research from Scopus and Web of Science (WoS). The review of majorly cited documents in the form of a progressing storyline has highlighted the need for multidisciplinary research to design and propose practical solutions.
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