共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 31 毫秒
1.
《International Geology Review》2012,54(12):1073-1086
The geologic structure of the Earth's upper crust can be revealed by modeling variation in seismic arrival times and in potential field measurements. We demonstrate a simple method for sequentially satisfying seismic traveltime and observed gravity residuals in an iterative 3-D inversion. The algorithm is portable to any seismic analysis method that uses a gridded representation of velocity structure. Our technique calculates the gravity anomaly resulting from a velocity model by converting to density with Gardner's rule. The residual between calculated and observed gravity is minimized by weighted adjustments to the model velocity-depth gradient where the gradient is steepest and where seismic coverage is least. The adjustments are scaled by the sign and magnitude of the gravity residuals, and a smoothing step is performed to minimize vertical streaking. The adjusted model is then used as a starting model in the next seismic traveltime iteration. The process is repeated until one velocity model can simultaneously satisfy both the gravity anomaly and seismic traveltime observations within acceptable misfits. We test our algorithm with data gathered in the Puget Lowland of Washington state, USA (Seismic Hazards Investigation in Puget Sound [SHIPS] experiment). We perform resolution tests with synthetic traveltime and gravity observations calculated with a checkerboard velocity model using the SHIPS experiment geometry, and show that the addition of gravity significantly enhances resolution. We calculate a new velocity model for the region using SHIPS traveltimes and observed gravity, and show examples where correlation between surface geology and modeled subsurface velocity structure is enhanced. 相似文献
2.
The Alleppey Platform is an important morphological feature located in the Kerala-Konkan basin off the southwest coast of India. In the present study, seismic reflection data available in the basin were used to understand the sedimentation history and also to carry out integrated gravity interpretation. Detailed seismic reflection data in the basin reveals that:(1) the Alleppey Platform is associated with a basement high in the west of its present-day geometry(as observed in the time-structure map of the Trap Top(K/T boundary)),(2) the platform subsequently started developing during the Eocene period and attained the present geometry by the Miocene and,(3) both the Alleppey platform and the Vishnu fracture zone have had significant impact on the sedimentation patterns(as shown by the time-structure and the isochron maps of the major sedimentary horizons in the region). The 3-D sediment gravity effect computed from the sedimentary layer geometry was used to construct the crustal Bouguer anomaly map of the region.The 3-D gravity inversion of crustal Bouguer anomaly exhibits a Moho depression below the western border of the platform and a minor rise towards the east which then deepens again below the Indian shield. The 2-D gravity modelling across the Alleppey platform reveals the geometry of crustal extension,in which there are patches of thin and thick crust. The Vishnu Fracture Zone appears as a crustal-scale feature at the western boundary of the Alleppey platform. Based on the gravity model and the seismic reflection data, we suggest that the basement high to the west of the present day Alleppey platform remained as a piece of continental block very close to the mainland with the intervening depression filling up with sediments during the rifting. In order to place the Alleppey platform in the overall perspective of tectonic evolution of the Kerala-Konkan basin, we propose its candidature as a continental fragment. 相似文献
3.
台湾中西部沉积盆地三维密度结构及其重力异常 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
台湾中西部沉积盆地是台湾省海陆油气勘探的重点区域。本文利用石油钻井资料和重力观测数据,依据Kriging插值及台湾中国石油公司深度-密度经验公式,计算了该地区沉积地层三维密度及剩余密度结构,并依据三维有限元解泊松方程方法,通过求解重力位计算出三维剩余密度体产生的剩余重力异常。密度结构显示,在0~6km深度范围,自更新统到先中新统的沉积地层大致分为2.0~2.30g/cm3、2.30~2.45g/cm3、2.45~2.60g/cm3、2.60~2.70g/cm3等4个密度层。其中,台中盆地陆缘区中下部2~4km深度存在较大沉积凹陷,凹陷区密度比周围低0.05~0.10g/cm3.重力计算结果表明,本区沉积地层产生的剩余重力异常在-20~+15mGal之间,深部凹陷对应负异常低值圈闭,其形态和量值与实测重力异常一致。 相似文献
4.
《Journal of African Earth Sciences》2000,30(1):63-78
Gravity data were integrated with seismic refraction/reflection data, well data and geological investigations to determine a general crustal structure of Tunisia. The gravity data analysis included the construction of a complete Bouguer gravity anomaly map, residual gravity anomaly maps, horizontal gravity gradient maps and a 2.5-D gravity model. Residual gravity anomaly maps illustrate crustal anomalies associated with various structural domains within Tunisia including the Sahel Block, Saharian Flexure, Erg Oriental Basin, Algerian Anticlinorium, Gafsa Trough, Tunisian Trough, Kasserine Platform and the Tell Mountains. Gravity anomalies associated with these features are interpreted to be caused either by thickening or thinning of Palæozoic and younger sediments or by crustal thinning. Analysis of the residual gravity anomaly and horizontal gravity gradient maps also determined a number of anomalies that may be associated with previously unknown structures. A north-south trending gravity model in general indicated similar subsurface bodies as a coincident seismic model. However, thinner Mesozoic sediments within the Tunisian Trough, thinner Palæozoic sediments in the Gafsa Trough, and a greater offset on the Saharian Flexure were required by the gravity data. Additionally, basement uplifts under the Kasserine Platform and Gafsa Trough, not imaged by seismic data, were required by the gravity data. The gravity model revealed two previously unknown basins north and south of the Algerian Anticlinorium (5 km), while the Erg Oriental Basin is composed of at least two sub-basins, each with a depth of 5 km. 相似文献
5.
随着全球大洋调查的不断开展以及各种海底探测技术的进步,海洋调查数据积累日益增多。以往主要通过使用不同的专业软件来进行各类大洋数据的可视化和成图分析。在海洋调查方面目前迫切需要一种可视化软件,能够快速显示海底大洋的观测和探测数据,并能够快速简单地综合分析和成图。为了解决快速可视化和多种类型数据同界面显示问题,本文利用Matlab中的图形用户界面工具,开发和设计了简单易操作的OceanVis1.0数据可视化和图形用户界面。通过使用OceanVis1.0,用户可以方便地对全球海底大洋多波束水深、海洋重力异常、海洋磁异常、地震波形数据等进行可视化和成图分析,能够解决大洋关键区域的多种数据可视化综合分析问题。对不同类型的数据可以进行二维测线和三维空间数据变化的显示,也可以实现数据成图的放大、缩小和旋转功能。对于多波束、重磁数据空间变化数据,可以进行二维测线的任意切割和成图输出,不用保留中间成图即可满足用户的实时数据显示和快速查看功能。OceanVis1.0也能为具体航次的海底调查提供各类海底探测数据的快速显示,以及包括航次中获取的数据显示和初步分析功能,能够为研究区航次测线的规划提供数据可视化和图形支撑平台。 相似文献
6.
月球重力探测一直是国际深空探测的重要目标之一。计算月球重力发现,月球表面存在重力异常区域——质量瘤。通过对质量瘤的特征、成因以及研究方法进行概述总结,认为质量瘤是月幔隆升、高密度物质聚集所致,后期的玄武岩充填可能会增加重力异常,但作用微弱。尽管可以利用月震波分析和月球内部三维密度分布反演新技术,但是基于重力数据和地形资料的研究方法更能高效地对月球的重力场及其特征进行详细研究,高精度的重力场模型可以揭示月球深部构造及层圈形态,进而探索早期月球起源、内部物质演化与运动过程等。该研究方法可为月球和其他类地行星的重力研究提供参考。 相似文献
7.
Nowadays, Global Geopotential Models (GGMs) are used as a routine stage in the procedures to compute a gravimetric geoid.
The GGMs based geoidal height also can be used for GPS/levelling and navigation purposes in developing countries which do
not have accurate gravimetric geoid models. Also, the GGM based gravity anomaly including the digital elevation model can
be used in evaluation and outlier detections schemes of the ground gravity anomaly data. Further, the deflection of vertical
and gravity gradients components from the GGMs can be used for different geodetic and geophysical interpretation purposes.
However, still a complete and user-friendly software package is not available for universities and geosciences communities.
In this article, first we review the procedure for determination of the basic gravity field and gradient components from the
GGMs, then general MATLAB based software is presented and applied as a sample case study for determination of gravity components
based on the most recent EIGEN-GL04C GRACE model in Sweden.
Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. 相似文献
8.
G. Ramadass I. Arunkumar S. M. Varaprasada Rao N. L. Mohan N. Sundararajan 《Journal of Earth System Science》1987,96(3):211-219
The auxiliary functions, namely amplitude, phase, envelope and instantaneous frequency of Hilbert transform over gravity anomalies
of 2-D sphere, vertical fault block and horizontal circular cylinder are studied. The characteristics of these functions are
established in locating and identifying the sources. The method is illustrated with a theoretical example in each case and
supported by field data of gravity anomaly over Humble dome and spherical model of the Satak-Mansar area, Nagpur District,
India. 相似文献
9.
10.
This paper presents a structural evolution study of the Farasan Bank using an integration of field work, remote sensing data, and regional Bouguer gravity data interpretation. The architecture of the Farasan Islands is influenced by normal faults parallel to the Red Sea rift axis delineating a series of graben and asymmetric half-graben structures as well as salt domes. Geological data suggest that the negative gravity anomaly over the Farasan Bank reflects thick salt deposits. The gravity data shows a general NW-SE trend with the main negative anomaly coincident with the Farasan Islands. Gravity data together with seismic reflection data suggest that salt diapirs are elongated and parallel to the main rift orientation (NW-SE). This indicates that salt deposition and diapirism was controlled by rift-related basement structures. Forward modeling of gravity data constrained by marine seismic reflection interpretation reveals that the evaporites directly overlie the basement in most places. No pre-evaporite formation was detected. Integration of the modeling with field observations and interpretations suggests that the Farasan Islands are in an area of active extension. Extension and salt diapirism on the flank of the mid-ocean ridge is likely to be synchronous with renewed spreading at 5 Ma. 相似文献
11.
12.
This study focuses on the development of absolute gravity model for Pakistan based on best possible residual terrain model of gravity using residual terrain modeling technique. The datasets used for the development of model are observed gravity, global gravity models, and Shuttle Radar Topographic Mission (SRTM30) elevation data. The residual terrain modeling technique has been used in the remove-restore procedure for smoothing the observed gravity field. Different topographic elevation models were tested in the model selection and one best possible model with minimum mean and standard deviation was selected for residual terrain effects. Least square collocation technique has been used for quality control and error estimates. The best possible covariance model was established from residual gravity for onward prediction of gravity anomalies at the earth surface for error and prediction analysis. The residual terrain effect of gravity, value of free air anomaly from EGM96, and observed free air anomaly are added to normal gravity to compute the absolute gravity at earth surface. The prediction of these parameters is made by employing Lagrange interpolation with least square adjustment. The results are compared with ～5% randomly selected data points not utilized for the development of covariance function and/or model development. Spline interpolation technique has also been used for the prediction of gravity field-related parameters. Lagrange interpolation exhibits relatively superior results over spline-based interpolation. This is as per expectation due to the reason that additional gridding for spline interpolation filters the signal part as well. This fact is evident from the results of spline interpolation of Grid-I and Grid-II with relatively better prediction results in Grid-I. This version of the model is capable of prediction having limiting error of 30 mGal. The predicted results show that 96.16% of prediction data falls within above-mentioned limit with Lagrange interpolation technique with least square adjustment for whole Pakistan area. The adverse effect of gridding is absent in case of Grid-I due to relatively flat areas and predicted data matches totally with control values for both spline as well as Lagrange interpolations. However, in case of Grid-II which includes high mountains of Himalaya, gridding effect is present and the accuracy of the predicted results falls to ～92%. The computed results have been compared with absolute values predicted using EGM96 and EGM2008 models as well. The gravity field recovered with PAKGM model is much better, i.e., ～ 96.16%, than both with EGM96 and EGM2008 which is about 85% only. 相似文献
13.
14.
Detailed gravity data collected across the Gadwal schist belt in the state of Andhra Pradesh show an 8.4 mgal residual gravity
anomaly associated with meta-sediments/volcanics of the linear NNW-SSE trending schist belt that shows metamorphism from green
schist to amphibolite facies. This schist belt is flanked on either side by the peninsular gneissic complex. The elevation
and slab Bouguer corrected residual gravity profile data were interpreted using 2-D prism models. The results indicate a synformal
structure having a width of 1.8 km at the surface, tapering at a depth of about 2.6 km with a positive density contrast of
0.15 gm/cc with respect to the surrounding peninsular gneissic complex. 相似文献
15.
长江中游河道岸滩侧蚀现象普遍,易对航道稳定形成不利影响,深入研究岸滩侧蚀冲刷机理及其航道响应过程具有重要意义。建立了考虑相邻土体影响的黏性岸滩侧蚀坍塌力学模式,以长江中游太平口水道为例,基于局部网格可动技术,构建了岸滩侧蚀及其河床冲淤变化的三维水沙动力学模型;在模型验证相似的基础上,分析了清水冲刷条件下腊林洲边滩侧蚀对太平口水道航道格局的影响。研究结果表明:模型可较好地模拟由岸滩侧蚀所引发的河势演变过程;上游来沙减少后,太平口水道河床以及未守护低滩部位将进一步产生冲刷;腊林洲边滩稳定与否,对太平口水道“南槽-北汊”航道格局的稳定具有重要作用。 相似文献
16.
Detailed gravity data integrated with geological data and mining well data are analysed to constrain the shape of the Triassic evaporitic body at Jebel El Mourra (northern Tunisian Atlas) and the mechanism of its emplacement at the surface. The gravity data analysis included the construction of a gravity anomaly maps, and synthetic and forward 2.5D gravity models. The complete Bouguer and residual gravity anomaly maps indicate a positive amplitude gravity anomaly over the Triassic evaporitic outcrops and prominent NE–SW‐trending features associated with the boundary of the Triassic rocks and surrounded layers. A NW–SE‐trending gravity model that crosses the Triassic evaporitic outcrop at Jebel El Mourra shows that the positive gravity anomaly can be explained by a deep‐rooted salt diapir. Conventional models of salt dome formation suggest that they produce negative gravity anomalies; however, this study shows that this model is not universal. The studied area is an example of a diapir expressed by positive gravity anomaly and this result is supported by synthetic gravity models at different stages of salt piercing. 相似文献
17.
惠民凹陷东部区域性走滑断裂构造系统的发现和意义 总被引：3，自引：3，他引：3
惠民凹陷东部地区油气勘探程度相对较低,岩浆活动剧烈,深部地质构造复杂。为此,通过岩石物性特征的研究和引起重、磁异常的地质因素分析,将重、磁、震综合地球物理解释技术应用于解决盆地深层地质构造问题,确定了重力和磁力异常在研究区的分布特征,结合地震资料解释发现了近SN向延伸的滨县-高青-博山区域性右旋走滑断裂构造系统和NNW向延伸的白桥-文祖区域性左旋走滑断裂构造系统。这两条区域性走滑断裂构造系统对本区中新生代构造格局具有重要控制作用,并控制了研究区内线性分布的火山活动和幔源CO2气的分布。 相似文献
18.
基于最新重力场模型对2014年于田Ms7.3地震震区的重力异常特征进行分析, 并应用Crust1.0地壳模型计算得到震区的深部构造形态, 结果显示: 震中位于地壳厚度陡变带上.同2008年于田Ms7.3地震相比, 震中虽位于不同位置, 但发震机制均与深部地壳结构变化密切相关.统计研究区内历史地震活动性与重力异常之间的关系, 发现震中的自由空气异常与地形存在明显的线性相关性, 而布格异常和均衡异常的结果则明显不同.进一步地分别计算不同重力异常的水平总梯度和线性信号, 结果表明: 重力异常梯度量与地形的相关特性更明显.研究表明: Ms7.0以上大震活动与重力异常之间具有明显的统计特性学, 这可能与重力异常反映的深部结构和壳内质量分布的不均匀有关. 相似文献
19.
20.
Komal?Rani Arindam?Guha Sanjit?Kumar?Pal 《Journal of the Geological Society of India》2018,91(6):671-678
The present study deals with the delineation of lineaments over Sir Creek offshore and its surroundings from EGM2008 gravity data using various derivative techniques owing to their costeffectiveness in prospective hydrocarbon exploration. Initially, 2-D and 3-D synthetic models have been generated with vertical prismatic objects at different depths. The effectiveness of total horizontal derivative (THD) technique has been established by comparing with E-W and N-S Horizontal derivatives and First Vertical derivative techniques. The residuals of Bouguer gravity data have been estimated with different cut-off wavelengths. Further, the residual anomaly map has been enhanced by the derivative techniques for the delineation of the structural features. Possible depths of the delineated lineaments have been estimated using Euler deconvolution of the Bouguer gravity data, which indicates maximum clustering over the delineated lineaments. It is observed that most of the lineaments are in the depth range of 1.0 km to 5.5km, which correlate well with the previous seismic studies. The present study reveals that the major lineament trends in the N-S, E-W and NNW-SSE directions followed by NE-SW, NW-SE and ENE-WSW directions. These major lineament trends are due to the tectonic activities occurred during Precambrian and Cretaceous period. Different small circular features, rectangular features and shorter wavelength features have also been identified, which could be the key parameter for mapping potential location for hydrocarbon exploration. 相似文献