共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 843 毫秒
1.
Rucong YU Yi ZHANG Jianjie WANG Jian LI Haoming CHEN JiANDong GONG Jing CHEN 《大气科学进展》2019,36(9):938-960
This review summarizes the scientific and technical progress in atmospheric modeling in China since 2011,including the dynamical core,model physics,data assimilation,ensemble forecasting,and model evaluation strategies.In terms of the dynamical core,important efforts have been made in the improvement of the existing model formulations and in exploring new modeling approaches that can better adapt to massively parallel computers and global multiscale modeling.With regard to model physics,various achievements in physical representations have been made,especially a trend toward scale-aware parameterization for accommodating the increase of model resolution.In the field of data assimilation,a 4D-Var system has been developed and is operationally used by the National Meteorological Center of China,and its performance is promising.Furthermore,ensemble forecasting has played a more important role in operational forecast systems and progressed in many fundamental techniques.Model evaluation strategies,including key performance metrics and standardized experimental protocols,have been proposed and widely applied to better understand the strengths and weaknesses of the systems,offering key routes for model improvement.The paper concludes with a concise summary of the status quo and a brief outlook in terms of future development. 相似文献
2.
The impact of inhomogenous background errors on a global wave data assimilation system 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
One of the main limitations in current wave data assimilation systems is the lack of an accurate representation of the structure of the background errors. In this work, models for the observational error variance, background error variance and background error correlations are developed based on the results of previous studies. These are tested in a global wave data assimilation system and the resulting wave forecasts are verified against independent observations from buoys. Forecasts of significant wave height show substantial improvement over the Australian Bureau of Meteorology's current operational wave forecasting system. However, forecasts of peak period are not similarly improved. The regional impacts of the new assimilation scheme are found to vary on a seasonal basis. Overall, it is shown that the inclusion of a latitudinally dependent background error, and improved specification of the background and observational error variances can reduce the root-mean-square error of 24-hour forecast Significant Wave Height by almost 10%. 相似文献
3.
bbGPS/PWV资料三维变分同化改进MM5降水预报连续试验的评估 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
利用区域地基GPS网反演的高时空密度的大气垂直方向水汽总量，也称为可降水量（PWV），可大大弥补常规探空探测水汽资料的不足。为了全面评估区域GPS网PWV资料同化对业务数值天气预报改进程度的目的，在个例研究分析的基础上，进行了连续38天的GPS/PWV资料三维同化（3D-Var）改进数值业务预报的试验。研究方法是根据长江三角洲地区GPS气象网在2002年梅雨和盛夏季节观测的刖资料，通过三维变分同化建立中尺度数值预报模式MM5的初始场，逐日作出长江三角洲地区24小时的降水量预报。以6小时累积雨量为对象，与未同化GPS／刖资料的MM5的相应预报比较，通过多种评分方法，评估了GPS／PWV资料改进MM5降水预报的效果。结果表明GPS／PWV资料同化后的MM5降水预报能力在大部分时间和大部分地区都有所提高，主要是伪击率有较明显的下降，对小范围降水预报的改进更为明显。预报明显改进的区域恰好位于GPS站填补常规探空站间距较大的地区。 相似文献
4.
5.
To further explore enthalpy-based sea-ice assimilation, a one-dimensional(1D) enthalpy sea-ice model is implemented into a simple pycnocline prediction model. The 1D enthalpy sea-ice model includes the physical processes such as brine expulsion, flushing, and salt diffusion. After being coupled with the atmosphere and ocean components, the enthalpy sea-ice model can be integrated stably and serves as an important modulator of model variability. Results from a twin experiment show that the sea-ice data assimilation in the enthalpy space can produce smaller root-mean-square errors of model variables than the traditional scheme that assimilates the observations of ice concentration, especially for slow-varying states. This study provides some insights into the improvement of sea-ice data assimilation in a coupled general circulation model. 相似文献
6.
目前,北京地区的天气预报系统对局地对流性定量降水预报能力较弱,远不能满足人们生产、生活和防灾、减灾工作的需要。针对北京地区对提高0-12 h短时临近天气,尤其是夏季局地对流性降水预报能力的需求,基于中国气象局北京城市气象研究所变分多普勒雷达分析系统（VDRAS）的雷达热动力反演资料,建立了WRF模式初始化模块,采用四维资料同化（FDDA）方法,将VDRAS系统高时空分辨率三维热动力结构分析场资料同化到WRF模式中,实现了北京地区VDRAS分析场资料在WRF中尺度模式系统中的应用。通过降水个例的高分辨率同化模拟试验分析了雷达热动力反演资料同化对模式预报结果的影响。研究结果表明:雷达热动力反演资料的同化能够提高模式系统对近地面温、湿、风大气要素和降水过程的模拟能力,改善2 m比湿、降水落区、降水量级、降水时间的预报效果,减少降水漏报的现象。温度和比湿的同化比风的同化对模拟降水结果的改善更重要。虽然研究表明雷达热动力反演资料在WRF模式中的同化能够明显改善模式对选取降水个例的模拟效果,但其对模式尤其是数值业务模式系统预报效果的影响需要进一步更全面、更系统的检验,为业务化应用奠定更坚实的基础。 相似文献
7.
Summary Preliminary work gauging the impact of varying the spatial and temporal resolution of Cloud Drift Wind (CDW) data using different assimilation techniques is presented, particularly within the framework of a generalised inverse data assimilation scheme. Results are presented for the NW Pacific and Australian regions. There were three main findings for the cases examined. Firstly, hourly and 12-hourly highdensity CDWs produced lower mean forecast errors (relative to intermittent assimilation) than those produced using operational CDWs from the Global Telecommunication System (GTS). This is consistent with Le Marshall et al. (1994). Secondly, intermittent assimilation was significantly worse than both the nudging and variational procedures. Finally, there was little improvement using the variational as opposed to the nudging scheme when using 12-hourly data insertion and operational winds from the GTS. There, the variational procedure proved to be about 4 per cent superior to the nudging. This result is of note, given the variational procedure takes about an order of magnitude longer to produce the initial field than does nudging, and should be contrasted with an earlier finding by one of the authors (LML) where the variational procedure was found to be clearly superior to the nudging approach (Bennett et al., 1993) where an enhanced CDW field was used.With 2 Figures 相似文献
8.
Diana J. M. Greenslade Eric W. Schulz Jeff D. Kepert Graham R. Warren 《Journal of Atmospheric & Ocean Science》2005,10(3):261-287
Recent work has demonstrated that surface marine winds from the Bureau of Meteorology's operational Numerical Weather Prediction (NWP) systems are typically underestimated by 5 to 10%. This is likely to cause significant bias in modelled wave fields that are forced by these winds. A simple statistical adjustment of the wind components is shown to reduce the observed bias in Significant Wave Height considerably. The impact of increasing the vertical resolution of the NWP model and assimilating scatterometer data into the model is assessed by comparing the resulting forecast wind and waves to observations. It is found that, in general, the inclusion of scatterometer observations improves the accuracy of the surface wind forecasts. However, most of the improvement is shown to arise from the increased number of vertical levels in the atmospheric model, rather than directly from the use of the observations. When the wave model is forced with surface winds from the NWP model that includes scatterometer data, it is found that the scatterometer assimilation does not reduce the systematic bias in surface wave forecasts, but that the random errors are reduced. 相似文献
9.
基于模式约束三维变分技术的连续循环同化试验研究 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
由于模式约束三维变分同化技术中考虑了模式的动力和物理过程,因此能保证各物理量间的平衡关系,从而滤除由于观测资料引入导致的高频波动,减小模式与初始场的协调时间.由于能在较短时间调整到稳定状态,采用模式约束三维变分同化进行连续循环同化可用较少的计算量达到同化多时次的多种观测资料的目的.该研究利用模式约束三维变分技术,针对2006年"桑美"台风个例,进行了连续循环同化卫星云导风、QuikSCAT海面风、Bogus海平面气压的试验.在台风数值预报中往往需要使用经验构造的台风信息(如Bogus海平面气压,Bogus风场等),该研究采用了模式约束三维变分同化技术同化Bogus海平面气压.由于模式约束三维变分同化技术充分考虑了各物理量间的约束,因此通过同化Bogus海平面气压也调整了初始场中相应的高度场、温度场、风场等变量,使得初始场中的台风涡旋具有较强的协调性,提高了对台风的模拟能力.采用AVN模式6小时间隔的分析场作为侧边界,2006年8月8日20时的分析场作为初估场,文中对8月8日20时到9日05时"桑美"台风的观测资料进行了连续循环同化.采用连续循环同化后台风路径的模拟精度得到了显著提高,对台风降水结构等的模拟也得到了改善. 相似文献
10.
曲率修正线性平衡方程及其在变分同化风压约束中的应用 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：4
针对强涡旋系统（热带气旋、一些中尺度系统）变分同化分析中风压平衡约束关系的特点,提出了一个新的风压平衡约束关系——曲率修正线性平衡方程,它具有形式与线性平衡方程相同,并清晰地包含了曲率的作用,同时,当曲率较小时可退化成线性平衡方程。曲率修正线性平衡方程能方便地应用于中国数值预报研究中心开发的三维变分同化分析系统Grapes3DV中,试验结果证明其具有较好的效果和较理想的特性,提高了分析质量,并改善预报水平。 相似文献
11.
The impact of applying three-dimensional variational data assimilation (3D-Var DA) on convective-scale forecasts is investigated by using two mesoscale models, the Weather Research and Forecasting model (WRF-ARW) and the Hirlam and Aladin Research Model On Non-hydrostatic-forecast Inside Europe (HARMONIE-AROME). One month (1 to 30 December 2013) of numerical experiments were conducted with these two models at 2.5 km horizontal resolution, in order to partly resolve convective phenomena, on the same domain over a mountainous area in Iran and neighboring areas. Furthermore, in order to estimate the domain specific background error statistics (BES) in convective scales, two months (1 November to 30 December 2017) of numerical experiments were carried out with both models by downscaling operational ECMWF forecasts. For setting the numerical experiments in an operational scenario, ECMWF operational forecast data were used as initial and lateral boundary conditions (ICs/LBCs). In order to examine the impact of data assimilation, the 3D-Var method in cycling mode was adopted and the forecasts were verified every 6 hours up to 36 hours for selected meteorological variables. In addition, 24 h accumulated precipitation forecasts were verified separately. Generally, the WRF and HARMONIE-AROME exhibit similar verification statistics for the selected forecast variables. The impact of DA on the numerical forecast shows some evidence of improvement in both models, and this effect decreases severely at longer lead times. Results from verifying the 24 h convective-scale precipitation forecasts from both models with and without DA suggest the superiority of the WRF model in forecasting more accurately the occurred precipitation over the simulation domain, even for the downscaling run. 相似文献
12.
辛渝 《沙漠与绿洲气象(新疆气象)》2021,15(1):133-143
概述了新疆气象局数值天气预报业务同化系统近年围绕资料同化开展的技术开发与针对新疆强降水天气过程所开展的多源资料同化应用试验和评估。确信FY2E云导风、FY4A温湿廓线和云导风、区域雷达资料的同化，以及晴空下高频段的AMSU-A-NOAA-N18、AMSU-A-NOAA-19、METOP-A、ATMS_SNPP资料的同化对业务模式预报均有正贡献。针对在业务中如何提高资料应用率以及当前发现但并未解决的物理不合理性问题，指出了新疆气象局数值预报业务系统维护应有的常态化工作，以及业务技术开发和短临预报系统建设所缺少的其它科技支撑等。提出的以资料同化为支点的科技研发方向，。本综述为对提高发展新疆区域数值模式预报研发和应用适合于本地化的业务同化系统具有一定的参考意义。 相似文献
13.
雷达反射率资料的三维变分同化研究 总被引：6，自引：3，他引：3
应用天气研究和预报模式(WRF)三维变分系统中一种新的雷达反射率资料间接同化方法来进行反射率资料的三维变分同化研究,评估雷达反射率资料对夏季短时定量降水预报的作用.该方法不直接同化雷达反射率资料,而是同化由反射率资料反演出的雨水和估计的水汽.以2009年夏季北京地区发生的4次强降水过程为例,考察了北京市气象局业务运行的快速更新循环同化预报系统对京津冀地区雷达网的雷达反射率资料的同化性能以及雷达反射率资料和径向风资料同时同化的效果.数值试验结果表明:(1)同化反演雨水或水汽都能改善降水预报,但同化反演水汽对降水预报效果的改善起了更重要的作用;(2)同化反射率资料能极大地提高短时降水预报的效果,其稳定的正面效果可以延伸到6h的预报时效,而同化径向风资料不能得到稳定的正效果;(3)同化雷达资料时,应用快速更新循环同化预报系统是提高短时定量降水预报的一个有效途径. 相似文献
14.
介绍了国家气象中心现行中期数值预报业务系统；介绍了预报模式的基本控制方程，在SP计算机上的实现过程；介绍了全球分析的并行处理方法和全球资料同化系统、后处理系统以及与之相关的配套系统。 相似文献
15.
Heiko Paeth 《Climate Dynamics》2011,36(7-8):1321-1336
Rainfall represents an important factor in agriculture and food security, particularly, in the low latitudes. Climatological and hydrological studies which attempt to diagnose the hydrological cycle, require high-quality precipitation data. In West Africa, like in many parts of the world, the density of observational data is low and climate models are needed in order to perform homogeneous and complete data sets. However, climate models tend to produce systematic errors, especially, in terms of rainfall and cloud processes, which are usually approximated by physical parameterizations. In this study, a 25-year climatology of monthly precipitation in West Africa is presented, derived from a regional climate model simulation, and evaluated with respect to observational data. It is found that the model systematically underestimates the rainfall amount and variability and does not capture some details of the seasonal cycle in sub-Saharan West Africa. Thus, in its present form the precipitation climatology is not appropriate to draw a realistic picture of the hydrological cycle in West Africa nor to serve as input data for impact research. Therefore, a statistical model is developed in order to adjust the simulated rainfall data to the characteristics of observed precipitation. Assuming that the regional climate model is much more reliable in terms of atmospheric circulation and thermodynamics, model output statistics is used to correct simulated rainfall by means of other simulated parameters of the near-surface climate like temperature, sea level pressure and wind components. Monthly data is adjusted by a cross-validated multiple regression model. The resulting adjusted rainfall climatology reveals a substantial improvement in terms of the model deficiencies mentioned above. In part II of this publication, the characteristics of simulated daily precipitation is adapted to station data by applying a weather generator. Once the postprocessing approach is trained, it can be extrapolated to simulation periods, for which observational data do not exist like for instance future climate. 相似文献
16.
V. S. Prasad K. J. Ramesh A. K. Bohra R. C. Bhatia 《Meteorology and Atmospheric Physics》1998,68(3-4):197-212
Summary TOVS temperature profile data (SATEM) at its full resolution (85 km) has now become available in India on experimental basis. An attempt is made in this study to examine the quality and impact of this on the medium range forecasts over India and neighbourhood. For this purpose, a seven day period starting from 15 March 1996 is chosen to study the impact of the data on the global analysis-forecasting system operational in India. Though one week data is utilized for the impact study, the complete data of march 1996 is used for examining quality, representativeness and consistency of the retrievals. In the operational system of the National Centre for Medium Range Weather Forecasting (NCMRWF), all types of data, including coarse resolution (500 km) global TOVS retrievals-coarse grid SATEM (CGS) data, received on GTS at hourly intervals are used in the assimilation cycle. For the present study the assimilation cycle is repeated for the above period by including high resolution data over the geographical regions covered by the New Delhi's high resolution picture transmission (HRPT) station and simultaneously removing coarse resolution SATEM data. The analysis and forecast fields thus generated are compared with the corresponding operational archives. The impact of the data is examined in terms of various objective scores and through circulation characteristics.The study reveals that the quality of high resolution SATEM (HRS) data is satisfactory and is such that it can be utilized in the global data assimilation system on real-time basis. A general improvement in the RMSE and ACC scores of the medium range forecasts is found over the data void equatorial sectors of the Indian Ocean after the incorporation of the HRS data fields in the assimilation cycle. With regard to a typical easterly wave activity of moderate intensity during the period of experimentation a marginal modulation in low level vorticity and divergence forecasts is found to be improving the precipitation magnitudes over the south peninsular India as well.With 11 Figures 相似文献
17.
An ocean reanalysis system for the joining area of Asia and Indian-Pacific Ocean (AIPO) has been developed and is currently delivering reanalysis data sets for study on the air-sea interaction over AIPO and its climate variation over China in the inter-annual time scale.This system consists of a nested ocean model forced by atmospheric reanalysis,an ensemble-based multivariate ocean data assimilation system and various ocean observations.The following report describes the main components of the data assimilation system in detail.The system adopts an ensemble optimal interpolation scheme that uses a seasonal update from a free running model to estimate the background error covariance matrix.In view of the systematic biases in some observation systems,some treatments were performed on the observations before the assimilation.A coarse resolution reanalysis dataset from the system is preliminarily evaluated to demonstrate the performance of the system for the period 1992 to 2006 by comparing this dataset with other observations or reanalysis data. 相似文献
18.
为加强国内卫星资料在同化系统中的应用,在自主构建的新一代WRF-EnSRF同化系统中,采用RTTOV辐射传输模式作为观测算子,并建立卫星资料读取、偏差订正及质量控制等子模块,构建出WRF-EnSRF卫星资料同化系统.运用该同化系统,同时同化NOAA-16的AMSU-A和AMSU-B的辐射率资料,进行华南暴雨过程的卫星资料同化数值模拟试验.试验结果表明:偏差订正后亮温资料拟合结果基本位于主对角线上,偏差有所降低.从TS评分看,同化试验对中雨及大雨部分的降水落区以及暴雨级别以上的降水强度的模拟效果有改善.试验证明,建立的卫星同化系统是可运行的. 相似文献
19.
Based on the newly developed Weather Research and Forecasting model(WRF)and its three-dimensional variational data assimilation(3DVAR)system,this study constructed twelve experiments to explore the impact of direct assimilation of different ATOVS radiance on the intensity and track simulation of super-typhoon Fanapi(2010)using a data assimilation cycle method.The result indicates that the assimilation of ATOVS radiance could improve typhoon intensity effectively.The average bias of the central sea level pressure(CSLP)drops to 18 hPa,compared to 42 hPa in the experiment without data assimilation.However,the influence due to different radiance data is not significant,which is less than 6hPa on average,implying limited improvement from sole assimilation of ATOVS radiance.The track issue is studied in the following steps.First,the radiance from the same sensor of different satellites could produce different effect.For the AMSU-A,NOAA-15 and NOAA-18,they produce equivalent improvement,whereas NOAA-16 produces slightly poor effect.And for the AMSU-B,NOAA-15 and NOAA-16,they produce equivalent and more positive effect than that provided by the AMSU-A.Second,the assimilation radiance from different sensors of the identical satellites could also produce different effect.The assimilation of AMSU-B produces the largest improvement,while the ameliorating effect of HIRS/3assimilation is inferior to that of AMSU-B assimilation,while the AMSU-A assimilation exhibits the poorest improvement.Moreover,the simultaneous assimilation of different radiance could not produce further improvement.Finally,the experiments of simultaneous assimilation radiance from multiple satellites indicate that such assimilation may lead to negative effect due to accumulative bias when adding various radiance data into the data assimilation system.Thus the assimilation of ATOVS radiance from a single satellite may perform better than that from two or three satellites. 相似文献
20.
Boheng DUAN Weimin ZHANG Xiaofeng YANG Mengbin ZHU 《Journal of Meteorological Research》2021,(3):478-489
Data assimilation systems usually assume that the observation errors of wind components, i.e., u(the longitudinal component) and v(the latitudinal component), are uncorrelated. However, since wind components are derived from observations in the form of wind speed and direction(spd and dir), the observation errors of u and v are correlated. In this paper, an explicit expression of the observation errors and correlation for each pair of wind components are derived based on the law of error propagation. The new data assimilation scheme considering the correlated error of wind components is implemented in the Weather Research and Forecasting Data Assimilation(WRFDA) system. Besides, adaptive quality control(QC) is introduced to retain the information of high wind-speed observations. Results from real data experiments assimilating the Advanced Scatterometer(ASCAT) sea surface winds suggest that analyses from the new data assimilation scheme are more reasonable compared to those from the conventional one, and could improve the forecasting of Typhoon Noru. 相似文献