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以三峡库区黄土坡滑坡临江I号崩滑体的滑带土为研究对象,研究基质吸力对非饱和滑带土的强度与变形等力学性质的影响。利用GDS非饱和反压直剪仪对滑带土进行了不同净法向应力和基质吸力组合下的直剪试验。试验结果表明:相同的基质吸力作用下,滑带土抗剪强度随着净法向应力的增大而增大。当滑带土试样中基质吸力较小时(50kPa),试样剪切过程中的应力-应变曲线,随着净法向应力的增大表现为应变硬化型。之后随着基质吸力的增加,当吸力大于净法向应力时,剪切应力-应变曲线表现为较明显的达到峰值后软化。反之,应力-应变曲线表现为应变硬化型。相同净法向应力下,抗剪强度随着吸力的增大而增大,剪切应力-应变曲线由低法向应力下的达到峰值后软化向高法向应力下的应变硬化转变。剪切过程的轴向位移表现为:当吸力大于净法向应力时,表现为剪胀; 反之,表现为剪缩。滑带土固结排水剪切条件下得到的黏聚力随着基质吸力呈线性增长关系。得到了滑带土的吸力摩擦角b为13.7,有效内摩擦角有较小增长,平均有效内摩擦角15.9。 相似文献
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Sudhakar M. Rao 《Engineering Geology》1995,40(3-4):215-221
The presence of allophane minerals imparts special engineering features to the volcanic ash soils. This study examines the reasons for the allophanic soils exhibiting unusual shear strength properties in comparison to sedimentary clays. The theories of residual shear strength developed for natural soils and artificial soil mixtures and the unusual surface charge properties of the allophane particle are invoked to explain the high shear strength values of these residual soils. The lack of any reasonable correlation between ′ (effective stress-strength parameter) and plasticity index values for allophanic soils is explained on the basis of the unusual structure of the allophane particle. The reasons as to why natural soil slopes in allophanic soil areas (example, Dominica, West Indies) are stable at much steeper angles than natural slopes in sedimentary clay deposits (London clay areas) are explained in light of the hypothesis developed in this study. 相似文献
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The present paper deals with the extension of a cap model in order to describe the material behavior of partially saturated soils, in particular, of partially saturated sands and silts. The soil model is formulated in terms of two stress state variables, using net stress and matric suction and, alternatively, the average soil skeleton stress and suction, the latter playing the role of a stress‐like plastic internal variable. The yield surface, consisting of a shear failure surface and a hardening cap surface, the plastic potentials for the non‐associated flow rule and the hardening law for the cap are extended by taking into account the effects of matric suction on the material behavior. Furthermore, the third invariant of the deviatoric stress tensor is taken into account in the formulation of the yield surfaces. The developed model is validated by the numerical simulation of an extensive series of suction controlled tests for a silty sand, which were conducted at different constant values of suction. Although both versions of the soil model yield identical results for stress paths at constant values of matric suction, differences are encountered for stress paths involving wetting. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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非饱和土强度参数的确定是其能够用于工程实际的关键。目前公认的非饱和土强度理论有Bishop的单变量理论、Fredlund的双变量理论以及Lu Ning的吸应力强度理论。其中吸应力强度理论基于吸应力特征曲线,可直接由常规三轴试验得出,回避了测定基质吸力的问题,便于在工程实际中推广。本文通过不同含水率的三轴CD试验,测得陕西泾阳原状Q2（L5）黄土的有效强度参数。结果表明,该黄土不同含水率的有效内摩擦角基本接近;有效黏聚力随含水率的增大呈指数递减,当含水率超过塑限时,黏聚力趋于定值。根据有效黏聚力和吸应力的关系,可以获得吸应力和含水率的关系,即吸应力特征曲线,并通过拟合得出吸应力函数,以及非饱和土强度表达式。 相似文献
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This paper involves an evaluation of a relationship describing the evolution in yield stress of unsaturated soils during hydraulic hysteresis, and an application of this relationship in an elasto-plastic framework to predict the compression curves of unsaturated soils under drained (free outflow of air and water with constant suction) or undrained (constant water content with no outflow of water and varying suction) conditions. The yield stress was quantified as the apparent mean effective preconsolidation stress obtained from compression tests reported in the literature on specimens that had experienced different hydraulic paths. It was observed that the preconsolidation stress does not follow a hysteretic path when plotted as a function of matric suction, but does when plotted as a function of the degree of saturation. Accordingly, an existing logarithmic relationship between the preconsolidation stress and matric suction normalized by the air entry suction was found to match the experimental preconsolidation stress results. This same relationship was also able to satisfactorily predict the trends in preconsolidation stress with degree of saturation by substituting the hysteretic soil–water retention curve (SWRC) into the place of the matric suction. The relationship between preconsolidation stress and suction was combined with an elasto-plastic framework to predict the compression curves of soils during drained compression, while the wetting-path relationship between preconsolidation stress and degree of saturation was combined with the framework to predict the compression curves of soils during undrained (constant water content) compression. A good match was obtained with experimental data from the literature, indicating the relevance of considering the hysteretic SWRC and preconsolidation relationships when simulating the behavior of unsaturated soils following different hydro-mechanical paths. 相似文献
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土体渗透性参数的测定是解决与水有关的岩土工程问题的关键所在。为使现场原状土体饱和渗透系数的测定更为准确,通过一种易于安装和固定的防蒸发型双环入渗仪,研究黄土的入渗规律与特点,试验结果表明:黄土的入渗分区可分为饱和区、湿润区与干土区,其中饱和区的入渗深度约占总入渗深度的1/2,而湿润区土体的饱和度在70%以上,这一特征与Green-Ampt入渗模型的假设较为接近,但在应用基于Green-Ampt模型的规范法（SL237-042-1999）求取黄土的饱和渗透系数时,发现该法会高估黄土的饱和渗透系数。因此,结合Green-Ampt入渗模型与土水特征曲线主要增湿路径的特点,提出了能合理测定现场黄土饱和渗透系数的双环入渗法,对Green-Ampt入渗模型参数加以修正,即直接采用干土区的初始基质吸力水头值,且该值由张力计实测或由主要增湿曲线求得;需采用入渗试验前期的平均入渗率;所对应的湿润锋发展深度需经由水分传感器实测而得。研究结果表明该法能合理估算现场黄土的饱和渗透系数。 相似文献
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The purpose of this study is to estimate and compare suction stress between sand and silt sampled from the coast of Korea. The water content and matric suction of sand (Joomunjin) and silt (Saemangeum) were first examined using an automated soil–water characteristic curve (SWCC) apparatus based on the axis translation technique. SWCCs were then estimated from the test results using the van Genuchten (1980) model. At equal matric suction, the corresponding water content of silt was higher than that of sand. Moreover, the saturated water content and air-entry value (AEV) of silt were larger than those of sand. Using the fitting SWCC parameters, suction stress characteristic curves (SSCCs) were estimated according to the method proposed by Lu and Likos (2006). The SSCC behavior for sand and silt was different and significantly depended on the material properties, particularly pore size and pore size distribution. For sand, the suction stress exhibited rapid variation with changes in matric suction, but for silt, the suction stress approached a constant value as the matric suction increased. In addition, when the matric suction was smaller than the AEV of soil, the suction stress was equal to the magnitude of the matric suction. In contrast, when the matric suction exceeded the AEV of soil, suction stress had a nonlinear shape with respect to the matric suction. 相似文献
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基质吸力对非饱和土抗剪强度的影响 总被引：22，自引：1，他引：22
在自然界和工程实践中遇到的土大多数是非饱和土,研究吸力对非饱和土抗剪强度的作用,对于工程实践具有重要的意义。通过压力板仪和直剪仪组合试验,探讨了击实土抗剪强度和基质吸力的关系。试验结果表明：凝聚力在饱和度为40%-60%时最大,而内摩擦角则随饱和度增加而有所减少。进一步对比土-水特征曲线与抗剪强度的关系,并整合前人研究成果,指出了非饱和土中吸力对其抗剪强度影响的规律。对于无黏性土,在边界效应区不产生假凝聚力,且内摩擦角不变;在过渡区与非饱和残余区,假凝聚力和基质吸力的关系存在峰值且变化较大,内摩擦角则随吸力增加而增加。对于黏性土,残余体积含水率所对应的最小吸力可能是影响抗剪强度的界限值,小于此吸力值,φb可近似为常数。但在非饱和残余区,凝聚力将随土状态路径的不同而变化。对于重塑土,凝聚力降低;而对于原状土,则凝聚力可能不变或增加。 相似文献
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Vegetation contributes to weak soil stabilisation through reinforcement of the soil, dissipation of excess pore pressure and increasing the shear strength by induced matric suction. This paper describes the way vegetation influences soil matric suction, shrinkage and ground settlement in the vadose zone through transpiration. A mathematical model for the rate of root water uptake, including the root growth rate considering ground conditions, type of vegetation and climatic parameters, has been developed. A finite element approach is employed to solve the transient coupled flow-deformation equations. The finite element mesh is built using partially saturated soil elements capable of representing the salient aspects of unsaturated permeability and the soil water characteristic curve. The model formulation is based on the effective stress theory of unsaturated soils. Based on this proposed model, the distribution of the ground matric suction profile adjacent to the tree is numerically analysed. Current field measurements of soil matric suction and moisture content collected from Miram site located in Victoria State, Australia by the authors are compared with the numerical predictions. The results indicate that the proposed root water uptake model incorporated in the numerical analysis can be used for prediction of ground properties influenced by tree roots. 相似文献
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Landslides are mainly triggered by decrease in the matric suction with deepening the wetting band by rainfall infiltrations. This paper reports rainfall-induced landslides in partially saturated soil slopes through a field study. A comprehensive analysis on Umyeonsan (Mt.) landslides in 2011 was highlighted. The incident involves the collapse of unsaturated soil slopes under extreme-rainfall event. Fundamental studies on the mechanism and the cause of landslides were carried out. A number of technical findings are of interest, including the failure mechanism of a depth of soil and effect of groundwater flow, the downward movement of wetting band and the increase of groundwater level. Based on this, an integrated analysis methodology for a rainfall-induced landslide is proposed in this paper that incorporates the field matric suction for obtaining hydraulic parameters of unsaturated soil. The field matric suction is shown to govern the rate of change in the water infiltration for the landslide analysis with respect to an antecedent rainfall. Special attention was given to a one-dimensional infiltration model to determine the wetting band depth in the absence of the field matric suction. The results indicate that landslide activities were primarily dependent on rainfall infiltration, soil properties, slope geometries, vegetation, and groundwater table positions. The proposed methodology has clearly demonstrated both shallow and deep-seated landslides and shows good agreement with the results of landslide investigations. 相似文献
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Natural and man-made slopes are mostly in unsaturated soils, and the saturated or dry condition is just a particular case. This paper investigates the stability of unsaturated soil slopes. The influence of intermediate principal stress is considered by introducing the unified shear strength formulation, and the strength nonlinearity of unsaturated soils is addressed by means of two different methods. Based on the upper bound theorem of limit analysis, analytical expressions of the critical height of slope are deduced. Relevant numerical solutions are obtained through optimization and parametric analysis is then conducted. It is found that: the critical height of slope increases with the increase of UST parameter b or matric suction, while it decreases with the increase of slope angles. Besides, as regards the strength nonlinearity, it’s suggested to adopt Method II when parameter \(m\) can be reasonably determined. 相似文献
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The shear behavior of soils rich in amorphous clay-size materials was not well reported in the literature. This study analyzed the direct shear and ring shear test data of soil samples containing 55–74% amorphous materials in the clay fraction from a slow-moving landslide in eastern Honolulu, HI. The direct shear test results showed that the undisturbed soil samples when not sheared internally had peak cohesion (c) of about 50 kPa and internal friction angle (Ø) of about 10°. This implies that the amorphous clay-size materials provided strong interparticle bonds for the soils. Breaking of the bonds during the softening process and redistribution of the amorphous clay-size materials were primarily responsible for the drop from the peak strength to the residual strength (c=0, Ø=10° from back calculation with SLOPE/W and c=0, Ø=5–7° from the ring shear test). The drained residual failure envelope is stress dependent due to the interaction of the gel-like amorphous clay-size materials with crystalline silt- and sand-sized particles. The amorphous clay-size materials act as the contact between crystalline particles. The contact increases with increasing consolidation stress, resulting in a decrease in the shear strength and the residual friction angle. 相似文献
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强降雨易诱发风化花岗岩边坡浅层滑坡,其滑坡滑动面多位于具有较大孔隙尺寸的强风化带。通过对广西玉林与梧州交界处风化花岗岩边坡浅层滑坡的现场勘查和对不同层位的土体进行物理力学试验,研究了饱和度对湿热地区风化花岗岩双层土质边坡抗剪强度的影响,发现两个风化带土体都存在一个“最优饱和度”使抗剪强度达到峰值,但饱和度对抗剪强度指标的影响规律不同,即饱和度对黏聚力影响很大,对内摩擦角影响很小;花岗岩全风化带与强风化带土体性质差异明显,尤其表现在饱和度影响下抗剪强度特性方面,从基质吸力理论和颗粒间胶结作用角度分析所发现的现象,可以清楚地解释产生差异的机制,为风化花岗岩边坡的开挖和滑坡的防治提供理论基础。 相似文献
16.
For the assessment of shallow landslides triggered by rainfall, the physically based model coupling the infinite slope stability
analysis with the hydrological modeling in nearly saturated soil has commonly been used due to its simplicity. However, in
that model the rainfall infiltration in unsaturated soil could not be reliably simulated because a linear diffusion-type Richards’
equation rather than the complete Richards’ equation was used. In addition, the effect of matric suction on the shear strength
of soil was not actually considered. Therefore, except the shallow landslide in saturated soil due to groundwater table rise,
the shallow landslide induced by the loss in unsaturated shear strength due to the dissipation of matric suction could not
be reliably assessed. In this study, a physically based model capable of assessing shallow landslides in variably saturated
soils is developed by adopting the complete Richards’ equation with the effect of slope angle in the rainfall infiltration
modeling and using the extended Mohr–Coulomb failure criterion to describe the unsaturated shear strength in the soil failure
modeling. The influence of rainfall intensity and duration on shallow landslide is investigated using the developed model.
The result shows that the rainfall intensity and duration seem to have similar influence on shallow landslides respectively
triggered by the increase of positive pore water pressure in saturated soil and induced by the dissipation of matric suction
in unsaturated soil. The rainfall duration threshold decreases with the increase in rainfall intensity, but remains constant
for large rainfall intensity. 相似文献
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传统的土拱效应理论是基于上覆土体为无黏性土或饱和黏性土建立的,但非饱和状态是实际土体的常见情形,其力学特性受自然环境变化的影响。针对这一问题,基于太沙基（Terzaghi）平面土拱效应分析模型和土体单元主应力轴旋转理论,建立了考虑基质吸力的土拱效应松动土压力分析模型。依次给出了基质吸力在上覆土体内呈均匀分布、梯形分布、正三角分布和倒三角分布时的松动土压力和侧压力系数表达式。为验证该分析模型的正确性,采用FLAC建立了Trapdoor数值模型,理论计算与FLAC模拟结果非常吻合。最后,着重分析了上覆土体的饱和度、厚度、Trapdoor宽度、地下水上升和降雨等因素对松动土压力的影响。研究发现,松动土压力随土体饱和度先减小后增大,当达到进气值所对应的饱和度时松动土压力最小。 相似文献
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为了模拟实际工程中黄土在不排水条件下的破坏,在控制含水率不变条件下,利用非饱和土真三轴仪对不同初始吸力非饱和原状黄土进行了等向固结试验和不同中主应力参数b值的剪切试验,研究了非饱和原状黄土的力学特性。研究结果表明：真三轴等向压缩屈服应力随着初始吸力的增大而增大,吸力随着净平均应力的增大而减小,净平均应力对吸力的影响程度随着初始吸力的增大而增大。不同 值条件下,广义剪应力和净平均应力破坏状态线近似呈平行直线关系,广义剪应力和有效净平均球应力试验点可归一为饱和土的排水剪切破坏状态线;剪切破坏时吸力随着b值的增大基本呈线性增大趋势;孔隙比和净平均应力对数临界状态线近似呈线性平行关系,其斜率比饱和土大,且大于等向压缩屈服前的斜率;非饱和土孔隙比和有效净平均球应力对数临界状态线与饱和土的临界状态线近似呈线性平行关系;不同净围压条件下,不同 值非饱和土与饱和土的破坏状态孔隙比的比值与气体饱和度的试验点分布于1.0～1.2的直线带内,但同一净有效球应力条件下可以归一为一条非线性曲线。 相似文献
19.
Effect of suction on the mechanical behaviour of iron ore rock 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
The effect of suction on the behaviour of iron ore has been studied from both physical and mechanical points of view. The porosity and the suction phenomena have been analysed using different experimental techniques. Uniaxial compressive tests on partially saturated samples have shown that the suction is responsible for strength and cohesion improvement. Considering the theory of partially saturated porous soils of Coussy and Dangla (Mécanique des sols non saturés (2002 edn). Hermès Science: 2002; 390), we have proposed a constitutive law for partially saturated iron ore. The real increase in the apparent cohesion due to the capillary attraction forces is overestimated if the yield function is written in terms of effective stresses. The effect of the capillary cohesion has been modelled with a function in the expression of the apparent cohesion of the yield function. The effect of suction on the mechanical behaviour has been represented in the effective stresses space and in the total stresses space like the Alonso model (Géotechnique 1990; 40 :405–430). Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献