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1.
Investigations on S, C, O, Sr, and Pb isotopes in ores, gangue, and country rocks of the Chaudfontaine ore deposit confirm that interbedded barite and white sparry calcites are cogenetic. They emphasize the marine origin of S and the nonmarine origin of the metals. They underline the important role played by the bacterial reduction at the site of deposition. Hypotheses concerning the source of the metals and the nature of the brines involved in their transportation are briefly discussed. 相似文献
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The skarn complex of Traversella was formed at the expense of various rock types (calcic hornfels, gneiss, dolomitic marble)
occurring in the contact aureole of the dioritic intrusion of Traversella (30±5 Ma). Application of phase equilibria has fixed
the temperature of the primary stage of skarn formation between 550° C to 625° C. Similar applications indicate a larger range
of temperature (525° C to 300° C) for the secondary stage. The different types of skarn (primary stage) are enriched in REE
relative to the corresponding precursor rock (T.R.=126 ppm (protolith) to 228 ppm (inner zone) for the skarn on gneisses;
T.R.=14 ppm to 71 ppm for the skarn on calcic hornfelses; T.R.=12 ppm to 200 ppm for the skarn on dolomitic marbles), but
all the inner zones of these different types of skarn show a similar REE distribution with a slight LREE fractionation and
no Eu anomaly. It is inferred that the primary metasomatic fluid has a parallel REE pattern. The oxygen isotope composition
of water in equilibrium with the early stage of skarn at T=600° C ranges from 8.3 per mil to 8.9 per mil. At the beginning of the first hydroxylation stage (secondary stage), the fluid
σ
18O remains in the range observed in the primary stage but within it, there is a sharp decrease from 8.0 per mil to 5.0 per
mil. During the sulphidation stage, the fluid σ
18O decreases more gradually from 5.0 per mil to 3.0 per mil. The I
Sr of the early skarn silicates ranges from the values observed in the dolomitic marbles (0.70874 to 0.70971) to the I
Sr of the intrusion (0.70947 to 0.71064). During the secondary stage, there is a progressive increase of the minerals I
Sr up to 0.71372. The REE pattern of the primary metasomatic fluid does not put any precise constraint on the primary fluid
source. On the other hand, both stable and radiogenic isotopes suggest that the early high-temperature metasomatic fluid was
isotopically equilibrated with the dioritic intrusion. This implies that this early fluid is either exsolved from the crystallizing
intrusion or a metamorphic water previously equilibrated with the intrusion. During the secondary stage, the replacement of
the early anhydrous phases by hydrated parageneses is accompanied by the mixing with meteoric fluid as indicated by stable
(σ
18O) and radiogenic (87Sr/86Sr) isotopes. 相似文献
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A trace fossil, Centrichnus eccentricus, was found beneath a saddle oyster (Anomia ephippium) that was preserved undisturbed on its substratum (a shell of Pecten jacobaeus), at the site of attachment of the calcified byssus. 相似文献
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L. Melluso P. Censi G. Perini L. Vasconcelos V. Morra F. Guerreiro L. Bennio 《Mineralogy and Petrology》2004,80(3-4):201-213
Summary The Xiluvo complex of central Mozambique is made up of coarse- to fine-grained calciocarbonatites (sövites and alvikites), heavily altered lamprophyres and syenitic rocks that intruded the Precambrian basement ca. 120Ma ago. The carbonatites have fractionated rare earth element patterns (chondrite-normalized La/Yb=30–80) and markedly negative Rb, K, P, Zr and Ti anomalies in mantle-normalized incompatible element diagrams. The 18O (+7 to +8), 13C (–5), and the age-corrected 87Sr/86Sr (0.7032–0.7033) and 143Nd/144Nd (0.51263–0.51262) indicate an origin in the mantle. A few carbonatitic samples have higher 18O (+13), indicating interaction with high-18O crust or late-stage fluids. The chemical and isotopic compositions of the Xiluvo carbonatites and nearby carbonatites of similar age in Malawi indicate very similar sources, characterized by time-integrated depletion of Rb with respect to Sr and of Sm with respect to Nd. These characteristics point to a source similar in many respects to those of other East African carbonatites and to those of some ocean island basalts, with the additional influx of components possibly located in the African lithospheric mantle. 相似文献
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Water samples from eight major Texas rivers were collected at different times during 1997–1998 to determine the dissolved and particulate trace metal concentrations, expected to show differences in climate patterns, river discharge and other hydrochemical conditions, and human activities along the different rivers. Specifically, two eastern Texas rivers (Sabine, Neches) lie in a region with high vegetation, flat topography, and high rainfall rates, while four Central Texas rivers (Trinity, Brazos, Colorado, and San Antonio) flow through large population centers. Relatively high dissolved organic carbon (DOC) concentrations in the eastern Texas rivers and lower pH led to higher Fe and Mn concentrations in river waters. The rivers that flow through large population centers showed elevated trace metal (e.g., Cd, Pb, Zn) concentrations partly due to anthropogenically produced organic ligands such as ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) present in these rivers. Trace metal levels were reduced below dams/reservoirs along several Texas rivers. Statistical analysis revealed four major factors (suspended particulate matter [SPM], EDTA, pH, and DOC) that can explain most of the observed variability of trace metal concentrations in these rivers. SPM concentrations directly controlled particulate metal contents. Variation in pH correlated with changes of dissolved Co, Fe, Mn, and Ni, and particulate Mn concentrations, while DOC concentrations were significantly related to dissolved Fe concentrations. Most importantly, it was found that, more than pH, EDTA concentrations exerted a major control on dissolved concentrations of Cd and Zn, and, to a lesser extent, Cu, Ni, and Pb. 相似文献
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Zusammenfassung Die chemische Analyse des neuen Minerals Johillerit mit der Elektronenmikrosonde ergab: Na2O 5,4, MgO 18,3, ZnO 5,4, CuO 15,8 und As2O5 55,8, Summe 100.7%. Aus diesem Ergebnis wurde die idealisierte Formel Na(Mg, Zn)3 Cu(AsO4)3 abgeleitet. Johillerit ist monoklin mit der RaumgruppeC2/c. Die Gitterkonstanten sind:a=11,870 (3),b=12,755 (3),c=6,770 (2) , =113,42 (2)°,Z=4. Die stärksten Linien des Pulverdiagramms sind: 4,06 (5) (22
), 3,50 (4) (310), 3,25 (8) (11
), 2,75 (10) (330, 240), 2,64 (5) (311, 13
, 40
), 1,952 (4) (13
, 35
), 1,682 (4) (20
, 460), 1,660 (5) (40
, 71
, 550, 64
), 1,522 (4) (442, 153, 13
). Es bestehen enge strukturelle Beziehungen zwischen Johillerit und O'Danielit, Na(Zn, Mg)3H2(AsO4)3, sowie einigen synthetischen. Verbindungen.Johillerit ist violett durchscheinend. Die Spaltbarkeit nach {010} ist ausgezeichnet und nach {100} und {001} gut.H (Mohs)3.D=4,15 undD
X
=4,21 g·cm–3. Das Mineral ist optisch zweiachsig positiv, 2V80 (5)°. Die Werte der Lichtbrechung sindn
=1,715 (4),n
=1,743 (4) undn
=1,783 (4). Die Auslöschung istn
b und auf (010)n
c16°. Johillerit ist stark pleochroitisch mit den AchsenfarbenX=violett-rot,Y = blauviolett undZ = grünblau. Das neue Mineral kommt in radialstrahligen Massen gemeinsam mit kupferhaltigem Adamin und Konichalcit in zersetzem Kupfererz von Tsumeb, Namibia, vor. Die Benennung erfolgte nach Prof. Dr.J.-E. Hiller (1911–1972).
Mit 1 Abbildung 相似文献
Johillerite, Na(Mg, Zn) 3 Cu(AsO 4 ) 3 , a new mineral from Tsumeb, Namibia
Summary Electron microprobe analysis of the new mineral johillerite gave Na2O 5.4, MgO 18.3, ZnO 5.4, CuO 15.8, and As2O5 55.8, total 100.7%. From this result, the ideal formula is given as Na(Mg, Zn)3 Cu(AsO4)3. Johillerite crystallizes monoclinic,C2/c. The unit cell dimensions are:a=11.870(3),b=12.755 (3),c=6.770 (2) , =113.42 (2)°,Z=4. The strongest lines on the X-ray powder diffraction pattern are: 4,06 (5) (22 ), 3,50 (4) (310), 3,25 (8) (11 ), 2,75 (10) (330, 240), 2,64 (5) (311, 13 , 40 ), 1,952 (4) (13 , 35 ), 1,682 (4) (20 , 460), 1,660 (5) (40 , 71 , 550, 64 ), 1,522 (4) (442, 153, 13 ). There is a close relationship between johillerite, o'danielite, Na(Zn, Mg)3H2(AsO4)3, and some synthetic compounds. Johillerite is violet in colour, transparent. Cleavage is {010} perfect, {100} and {001} good.H (Mohs)3.D=4.15 andD X =4.21 g·cm–3. The mineral is optically biaxial positive, 2V80 (5)°. The refractive indices are:n =1.715 (4),n =1.743 (4),n =1.783 (4). The extinction isn b and on (010)n c16°. Strongly pleochroic with axial coloursX=violet-red,Y=bluish violet andZ=greenish blue. The new mineral was found in radiated masses together with cuprian adamite and conichalcite in an oxidized copper ore from Tsumeb, Namibia. It is named in honour of Prof. Dr.J.-E. Hiller (1911–1972).
Mit 1 Abbildung 相似文献
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~(40)Ar-~(39)Ar GEOCHRONOLOGY OF THE SUTURE ZONE, LADAKH, INDIA1 TalatAhmedetal.GeochemicalJournal,1999.
2 HoneggerK ,etal.EarthandPlanetaryScienceLetters,1982 ,6 0 :2 53.
3 SearleMP ,etal.GeologicalSocietyofAmericaBulletin ,1987,98:6 78.
4 SharmaK ,K .PhysicsandChemistryoftheEarth ,1990 ,17( 2 ) :133.
5 Venkatesan ,etal.EarthandPlanetSciLett,1993,119:181.… 相似文献
15.
Hydrochemistry of groundwater (GW) and surface water (SW) for assessment of fluoride in Chinnaeru river basin,Nalgonda district, (AP) India 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
Hydrochemical studies were conducted in Chinnaeru river basin of Nalgonda district, Andhra Pradesh, India, to explore the causes of high fluorides in groundwater and surface water causing a widespread incidence of fluorosis in local population. The concentration of fluoride in groundwater ranges from 0.4 to 2.9 and 0.6 to 3.6 mg/l, stream water ranges from 0.9 to 3.5 and 1.4 to 3.2 mg/l, tank water ranges from 0.4 to 2.8 and 0.9 to 2.3 mg/l, for pre- and post-monsoon periods, respectively. The modified Piper diagram reflects that the water belongs to Ca2+–Mg2+–HCO3 ? to Na+–HCO3 ? facies. Negative chloroalkali indices in both the seasons prove that ion exchange between Na+ and K+ in aquatic solution took place with Ca2+ and Mg2+ of host rock. The interpretation of plots for different major ions and molar ratios suggest that weathering of silicate rocks and water–rock interaction is responsible for major ion chemistry of groundwater/surface water. High fluoride content in groundwater was attributed to continuous water–rock interaction during the process of percolation with fluorite bearing country rocks under arid, low precipitation, and high evaporation conditions. The low calcium content in rocks and soils, and the presence of high levels of sodium bicarbonate are important factors favouring high levels of fluoride in waters. The basement rocks provide abundant mineral sources of fluoride in the form of amphibole, biotite, fluorite, mica and apatite. 相似文献
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Márton Veress Zoltán Zentai Kálmán Péntek Ljubov Döbröntei Ljubov Danilovna Kiprijanova 《Proceedings of the Geologists' Association. Geologists' Association》2014
The study deals with the Lena Pillars (Sakha Republic, Russia, Siberia). The Lena Pillars are pinnacle features which are characteristic on karsts. The importance of these features is that they are extremely large and occur on very large areas. Their occurrence is interesting because they do not appear on tundra karst. We investigated the veneers of cliffs, the fracture density of the building rock, the distribution and dispersion of the fracture directions, direction distribution and dispersion of the giant grikes between the pillars, the layer thickness of the building rock, the size and dispersion of debris. We distinguished pillar types, and then we classified the features on the area of the pillars from a morphogenetical point of view. According to investigations and morphological analyses, the pillars developed from palaeokarsts. During the former karstification grikes and caverns developed close to the surface. These features coalesced into each other. The giant grikes of great size became filled and the pillars were covered. After the cut of the Lena River these features were revealed and became exhumed. Now the pillars are destroyed and continue developing by frost weathering. 相似文献
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《Proceedings of the Geologists' Association. Geologists' Association》2022,133(3):212-217
The cirripede Calantica? saskatchewanensis Russell, 1967, from the Maastrichtian Bearpaw Formation of Saskatchewan (Canada), is redescribed on the basis of new material and transferred to the genus Pachyscalpellum Buckeridge, 1991. This considerably extends the known range of the genus from the eastern Tethys (Australasia, Tunisia) to the northern part of the Western Interior Seaway of North America. Species of the genus achieved an exceptionally large size for stalked barnacles, with a projected possible height (capitulum and peduncle) of 150–200 mm. 相似文献
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