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中国几个主要哺乳动物地点的晚上新世—早更新世界线 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
<正> 中国的第三系—第四系界线的讨论和第三系、第四系剖面的研究,历史悠久,发表过不少论文。30多年来的工作大致在几个方面较多:1.黄土沉积剖面;2.河湖相沉积剖面;3.洞穴沉积剖面;4.海相沉积及滨海相平原沉积剖面。在磁性地层学方面研究及划分第四纪下限,有三种不同的划分:1.地层段的下限与奥特威亚时底界一致,大致是190万年;2.以松山/高斯转换的位置,约248万年;3.上限同高斯顶界一致(248万年),下限在300万年左右。 相似文献
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中国陆相上新统麻则沟阶 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
年代地层单位麻则沟阶是中国上新统的两个阶之一,代表陆相上上新统,1999年由第二届全国地层委员会正式命名,对应于麻则沟期。"麻则沟"一名源自同名岩石地层单位麻则沟组,典型剖面位于山西省榆社县云簇镇赵庄—大马岚。麻则沟阶对应于"国际地层表"中的皮亚琴察阶,其共同的底界定义为古地磁Chron C2An.3n的底,即高斯正极性带的底,绝对年龄为3.6 Ma,这条界线在榆社赵庄剖面位于第6层麻则沟组下部的紫红色黏土层的中部,以张洼沟姬鼠(Apodemus zhangwagouensis)的首现为标志。麻则沟期与欧洲陆生哺乳动物分期的Villa-nyian早期或Villafranchian早期相当,包含1个哺乳动物群单位,即NMU13,可与欧洲的MN16对比。在榆社盆地发现的麻则沟动物群就相当于NMU13。在中国的上新世哺乳动物群中,甘肃灵台的任家沟动物群和雷家河V带动物群、河北阳原泥河湾的稻地动物群、陕西渭南的游河动物群、山西静乐的贺丰动物群、四川德格的汪布顶动物群也相当于NMU13。河北泥河湾的花豹沟剖面是麻则沟阶的辅助层型剖面。 相似文献
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类Ｇａｌｏｗａｙｉｎｅｌａ长期以来被当作长兴阶的带化石，是长兴阶底界的标志。江西上高七宝山剖面表明Ｇａｌｏｗａｙｉｎｅｌａ富集层并非像以往认为的那样是稳定的一层，在此剖面上至少有二层：下层在Ｃｌａｒｋｉｎａｌｅｖｅｎｉ带之下，其上下均有典型的吴家坪期的菊石（Ｋｏｎｇｌｉｎｇｉｔｅｓ等）；上层与吴家坪期的牙形刺Ｃｌａｒｋｉｎａｏｒｉｅｎｔａｌｉｓ，Ｃ．ｇｕａｎｇｙｕａｎｅｎｓｉｓ，Ｃ．ｄｅｍｉｃｏｒｎｉｓ，Ｃ．ｌｉａｎｇｓｈａｎｅｎｓｉｓ共存。这一事实表明Ｇａｌｏｗａｙｉｎｅｌａｍｅｉｔｉｅｎｅｎｓｉｓ是吴家坪期的而不是长兴期的。为此建议，长兴阶的底界不用类定义，而以牙形刺Ｃｌａｒｋｉｎａｓｕｂｃａｒｉｎａｔａ和／或Ｃ．ｗａｎｇｉ的首次出现为准。 相似文献
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Cheng Jie 《中国地质大学学报(英文版)》1995,(1)
Ａ Ｎｅｗ Ｍｉｄ Ｅａｒｌｙ Ｐｌｅｉｓｔｏｃｅｎｅ Ｍａｍｍａｌｉａｎ ＦａｕｎａＤｉｓｃｏｖｅｒｅｄ ｉｎ Ｃｈｏｕｋｏｕｔｉｅｎ，ＣｈｉｎａａｎｄＩｔｓＡｐｐｌｉｃａｔｉｏｎ ｉｎ Ｂｉｏｓｔｒａｔｉｇｒａｐｈｙ￥ＣｈｅｎｇＪｉｅ（Ｄｅｐａｒ... 相似文献
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要本文第一作者曾在陕西洛南龙牙南洞中获得洛南直立人的上臼齿及少量哺乳类化石。近年作者等又在龙牙北洞中采集到大量石制品及哺乳动物化石。龙牙洞是黄河流域最南的一个旧石器遗址。由30多种哺乳类化石组成的龙牙洞动物群是一个兼具古北界和东洋界动物的过渡型动物群,可与蓝田公王岭动物群对比,时代为早更新世晚期,是温暖、湿润的森林、草原、多水体环境条件下的动物组合。石制品非常丰富,属华北旧石器文化系统,但又可见南方文化的影响。龙牙北洞遗址很可能是洛南直立人制作石器的场地。 相似文献
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Laura C. Bishop Lawrence Barham Peter W. Ditchfield Sarah Elton William E. H. Harcourt‐Smith Peter Dawkins 《第四纪科学杂志》2016,31(3):178-190
This paper describes a large collection of Quaternary fossil fauna from the Luangwa Rift Valley, Zambia. Stone Age artefacts have been recovered from stratified fluvial contexts, but no in situ fossil faunas have yet been recovered. We report on 500 fossil specimens collected from the surface of point bars exposed seasonally along the banks of the main Luangwa River channel. We used non‐destructive X‐ray fluorescence analysis of the fossils' chemical signatures to determine whether they derive from one or many primary contexts, and the relationship between chemical signature and state of preservation. Specimens are identified to taxon (genus) to reconstruct palaeoenvironments and biochronology. A relatively wide range of taxa is identified, including a fossil hominin talus, described here. None of the fossils is positively attributable to extinct species, except a femur of an extinct Theropithecus reported in 2003. Although no additional extinct taxa were identified, some of the remains were attributable to genera that are not currently found in this region. The results suggest that most of the assemblage derives from sediments which are Middle Pleistocene or later, and that past environments in the Luangwa Valley may have differed from the habitat availability found today. 相似文献
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最近在广西崇左三合大洞发现了步氏巨猿和似人似猿共生的新层位,与之伴生的有52种小哺乳动物,占三合大洞巨猿动物群总数的62%,其中苏门答腊兔（Nesolagus）是东南亚地区首次发现的化石。小哺乳动物群以南方早更新世常见的偏皮氏毛耳飞鼠（Belomys parapearsoni）、中间猪尾鼠（Typhlomys intermedius）、拟低冠竹鼠（Rhizomys brachyrhizomyoides）、硕豪猪（Hystrix magna）、先社鼠（Niviventer preconfucianus）、拟爱氏巨鼠（Leopoldamysedwardioidesi）等为代表,根据小哺乳动物群性质和与其他动物群对比以及磁性地层年代测定,表明其时代应是早更新世中期（约距今120160万年前）。该动物群由树鼩、扁颅蝠、小彩蝠、飞松鼠、笔尾树鼠、猪尾鼠等几乎是旧大陆热带-亚热带森林型动物组成,缺少北方类型,基本上属于热带森林动物群,这表明了当时的自然景观为温暖湿润的热带雨林环境。三合大洞小哺乳动物群是广西地区的首次发现,对华南早更新世巨猿动物群详细划分,探讨步氏巨猿演化和早期人类环境背景等目前科学界关注的问题具有重要的意义。 相似文献
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龙担哺乳动物群发现于甘肃省东乡族自治县的早更新世黄土底部。此前我国早更新世的哺乳动物化石大多发现于河-湖相地层中,在黄土中极少发现,而且主要在六盘山以东。在龙担哺乳动物群中还发现了灵长类化石,这在我国西北地区尚属首次。龙担哺乳动物群产于黄土底部约30m的地层中,最低的层位距“底板”(积石组砾岩)仅约3m。化石相当丰富,其中有不少新的种类。目前已发现的化石共21种,大体可以分为3类:1)与泥河湾哺乳动物群相同或很接近的;2)与泥河湾哺乳动物群相比,在进化水平上稍低,因而可能代表较早地质时代的;3)在泥河湾哺乳动物群中没有发现过的。龙担哺乳动物群的地质时代可能比泥河湾者稍早,可能约2MaB.P.。其组成倾向于表明,当时该地区周围还有相当面积的森林覆盖。 相似文献
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内蒙古赤峰西北地区的东村、东梁一带更新世早期河-湖相沉积物相当发育,为一套白色砂与棕红色亚粘土互层,其中含有丰富的哺乳动物化石,计11科18属21种。动物群性质与泥河湾(狭义)的相当。这是我国最东和最北的一个三趾马与真马共生的化石地点。 相似文献
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Cheng Jie Tian Mingzhong Cao Boxun Zhao Zhizhong China University Of Geosciences Beijing China University of Geosciences Wuhan Hubei Institute of Geomechanics Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences Beijing Fei Zhenbi 《《地质学报》英文版》1997,71(3):231-243
From 1985 to 1987, four new localities with abundant fossil mammals were dis-covered by Cao, Tian and others in the Zhoukoudian (Choukoutien) area, Beijing. They are theEast, West, Shangdian and Donglingzi caves. The East Cave fauna consists of 28 speices ofmammals and its age is middle Early Pleistocene. The East Cave assemblage shows that a tem-perature-falling event took place at around 1.20 Ma B.P. at Zhoukoudian. Sixteen species ofmammals were collected from the West Cave, which are mainly forms of late Early Pleistoceneage. The West Cave fauna represents a transitional fauna from the East Cave fauna (dry-cold)to the fauna (warm) at locality 9. The Shangdian Cave fauna is composed of four forms, beingMiddle Pleistocene in age. The Donglingzi Cave fauna contains 21 Late Pleistocene forms. Inthe cave two fossil horizons may be distinguished. The age of the lower horizon is early LatePleistocene, which is equivalent to that of the New Cave fauna; while the fauna of the upper ho-rizon may be correlated with the Upper Cave fauna. 相似文献
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The global climate changings at the end of Pleistocene led to extinction of the typical representatives of Mammoth fauna–mammoth, woolly rhinoceros, wild horse, bison, muskox, cave lion, etc.–on the huge territories of Northern Eurasia. Undoubtedly the Mammoth fauna underwent pressure from the Upper Paleolithic Man, whose hunting activity also could play the role in decreasing the number of mammoths and other representatives of megafauna (large mammals). Archaeological data testify that the typical representatives of Mammoth fauna were the Man's hunting objects only till the end of the Pleistocene. Their bone remains are not usually found on the settlements of Mesolithic Man. Formerly it was supposed that the megafauna of ‘Mammoth complex’ was extinct by the beginning of Holocene. Nevertheless the latest data testify that the global extinction of the Mammoth fauna was sufficiently delayed in the north of Eastern Siberia. In the 1990s some radiocarbon data testified that the mammoths on the Wrangel Island existed for a long time during the Holocene from 8000 till 3700 y. BP. The present radiocarbon data show that wild horses inhabited the north of Eastern Siberia (the lower stream of the Enissey river, the Novosibirskie Islands, the East Siberian sea-shore) 3000–2000 y. BP. Musk-oxen lived on the Taimyr Peninsula and the Lena River delta about 3000 y. BP. Some bison remains from Eastern Siberia belong to the Holocene. The following circumstances could promote the process of preservation of the Mammoth fauna representatives. The cool and dry climate of this region promotes the maintenance of steppe associations – habitats of those mammals. The Late Paleolithic and Mesolithic settlements are not found in the Arctic zone of Eastern Siberia from the Taimyr Peninsula to a lower stream of the Yana River; they are very rare in the basins of the Indigirka and Kolyma Rivers. So, the small number of the Stone Age hunting tribes on the North of Eastern Siberia was another factor in the long-term preservation of some Mammoth fauna representatives. 相似文献
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燕辽地区晚中生代动物君及其古生态和古地理意义 总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9
燕辽地区的中侏罗-早白垩世地层中共有3个动物群贯穿始终，即燕辽动物群、热河动物群、阜新动物群，分别分布于中侏罗世、晚侏罗世及早白垩世，构成多门类化石群的组合序列.根据以昆虫为主的动物群组合序列研究，可以推测中侏罗世燕辽地区处于温带气候条件下，森林沼泽发育，分布广，但水面规模不大，水体不深，地形起伏差异较小，而晚侏罗世相似，陆地植被茂盛，森林极为广布.到早白垩世尼欧克姆期，动物群的种类相对较贫乏，以陆生昆虫为主，出现的昆虫大多为典型亚热带昆虫，说明该地气候仍偏热，但湖泊显著减少，已逐渐向干燥的气候过渡。从昆虫类及其他一些化石的古地理分布特征分析，可以作出如下推断，即：劳亚大陆或欧亚大陆与北美、非洲等大陆分离的最后时限不会早于中侏罗世，以后随着泛大陆解体，昆虫中一些类群（如蚊歇蛉科等）的早期代表扩散到其他大陆，最终现成现今的分布格局。在这一过程中，第三纪白令陆桥虽有一定作用，但并不是主要和唯一的途径。 相似文献
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大荔人头骨化石产地地层的再研究 总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8
1978年发现大荔人头骨化石以来 ,都认为该化石是产自中更新世晚期的地层中 ,一些学者一直认为其年龄是 180～ 2 0 0 ka B.P.,也有个别研究者认为是 2 30 ka、大于 2 5 0 ka、30 8ka B.P.的。实际上 ,不仅对化石的年龄有不同数据 ,对化石产地地层也有不同的划分与对比。经再研究 ,该区晚新生代地层从上上新统直到全新统都有发育。沉积类型有湖相 ,河流相和风成黄土—古土壤沉积。人类化石层应是上中更新统的下部或下中更新统的上部 ,或更靠下。 相似文献
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前人对中国黄土高原晚更新世黄土沉积物的磁化率各向异性的研究表明,磁化率椭球体最大轴(Kmax)偏角的方向能够指示黄土沉积时期的搬运动力方向,即古风向,并可以通过这种途径进行古季风的重建.本研究试图通过对中国黄土高原晚上新世-早更新世转折时期的风成沉积磁化率各向异性研究进一步检验其在古风向重建方面的应用潜力.选择分别地处黄土高原中部、南部和东部地区的灵台、渭南和保德3个剖面,对红粘土向黄土过渡时期4个不同地层单元古土壤层(S32)、黄土层(L33)、过渡层(TU)以及红粘土沉积(RC)的样品进行了磁化率各向异性测量,结果表明磁线理L值很小,而磁面理F较为发育,这与前人对晚更新世黄土沉积磁化率各向异性的研究结果一致;同时,4个不同地层单元的磁面理F、各向异性度P和形状因子T在3个剖面上均表现出随土壤发育程度增强而减小的变化趋势,说明后期的成壤作用能够不同程度地降低磁面理、磁化率各向异性度以及形状因子的大小.与前人对于晚更新世黄土沉积磁化率各向异性的研究结果不同的是3个剖面的S32,L33,TU以及RC的Kmax的偏角似乎并不能反映出当时的搬运动力方向,即古风向,而长期的压实作用以及不同程度的后期土壤化作用是造成这一时期黄土和红粘土沉积物磁化率各向异性最大轴偏角方向未能反映出当时搬运动力方向(古风向)的原因之一. 相似文献
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SunDongying XiaWenchen 《中国地质大学学报(英文版)》2003,14(4):314-320
On the basis of establishment of radiolarian biostratigraphy and conodont biostratigraphy,a radiolarian Albaillella fauna in the transitional environment from Guadalupian to Lopingian Series in Permian was found at a pelagic chert section in southeast Guangxi, South China. Radiolarian Albaillella is one of the most sensitive biology to the transitional environment. The Albaillella fauna shows an ecological evolutionary process from Guadalupian to Lopingian: declined stage-recovery stage-flourishing stage. The study of characteristics of the Albaillella fauna in the transitional environment may provide more information, not only for the subdivision and correlation of a high-resolution biostratigraphy, but also for influence of radiolarian Albaillella fauna on the pre-Lopingian mass extinction. 相似文献
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The Raskoh arc is about 250 km long, 40 km wide and trends in ENE direction. The arc is convex towards southeast and terminated by the Chaman transform fault zone towards east. This arc is designated as frontal arc of the Chagai-Raskoh arc system.
The Late Cretaceous Kuchakki Volcanic Group is the most widespread and previously considered the oldest unit of the the Raskoh arc followed by sedimentary rock formations including Rakhshani Formation (Paleocene), Kharan Limestone (Early Eocene) and Nauroze Formation (Middle Eocene to Oligocene), Dalbandin Formation (Miocene to Pleistocene), and semi-unconsolidated Subrecent and Recent deposits. The Rakhshani Formation is the most widespread and well-exposed unit of the Raskoh arc. During the present field investigation the Rakhshani forma-tion in the southeastern part of the Raskoh arc, is identified as an accretionary complex, which is designated as Raskoh accretionary complex. The Raskoh accretionary comple is subdivided into three units: (a) Bunap sedimen-tary complex, (b) Charkohan radiolarian chert, and (c) Raskoh ophiolite melange. The Bunap sedimentary complex is farther divided into three tectonostratigraphic units viz., northern, middle and southern. Each unit is bounded by thrust faults, which is usually marked by sheared serpentinites, except northern unit, which has gradational and at places faulted contact with the Kuchakki Volcanic Group. The northern unit is mainly composed of allochthonous fragments and blocks of limestone, sandstone, mudstone and the volcanics in dark gray, greenish gray and bluish gray siliceous flaky shale. At places the shale is metamorphosed into phyllite. This unit is thrust over the middle unit, which exhibits relatively a coherent stratigraphy, represented by greenish gray calcareous flaky shale with intercalation of thin beds and lenticular bodies of mudstone, sandstone and limestone. The middle unit is again thrust over the southern unit, which is mainly composed of large exotic blocks of volcanic rocks, limestone, sand-stone, mudstone and conglomerate embedded in dark gray, greenish gray and bluish gray siliceous flaky shale which is generally moderately argillized. The unit is thrust over the Kharan Limestone. During the present field investigation about 350 meter thick sequence of thin-bedded maroon and green chert intercalated with the siliceous flaky shale of the same colour are discovered within this unit, which is found in the southeastern part of the Ras-koh arc. This chert sequence occurs on the margins of a large exotic block (350m X 3 km) of volcaniclastic rocks of unknown origin, which makes an overturned syncline. This chert sequence is developed on its both limbs and has lower faulted contact with the Bunap sedimentary complex.
Two samples collected from this chert sequence yielded radiolarian fauna, which include Parvicingula sp., Laxto-rum sp., Parahsuum cf. simplum, Parahsuum sp., Nassellaria gen. et sp. indet., Hsuum cf. Matsuokai., Archaeo-spongoprunum sp., Nassellaria gen. et sp. indet. and Hagias gen. et sp. indet., Tricolocapsa sp., Hsuum sp., Ris-tola sp., Archaeospongoprunum sp. and Tritrabinate gen. et sp. indet. This radiolarian chert sequence represents the late Early to Middle Jurassic pelagic sediment deposited in Ceno-Tethyan ocean floor; prior to the inception of volcanism in the Raskoh arc and accreted with the arc during Late Cretaceous to Eocene along with the Bunap sedimentary complex of Late Jurassic age. 相似文献
19.
两护村ZKC1孔位于洞庭盆地安乡凹陷的东南部,孔内第四系(底部跨上新世)厚达294 m,为河流和湖泊沉积,自下而上依次为上新世—早更新世华田组、早更新世汨罗组、中更新世洞庭湖组、晚更新世坡头组以及全新统等。对ZKC1孔第四系进行了详细的孢粉分析,自下而上划分出16个孢粉组合带。ESR年龄和孢粉组合及其反映的气候特征指示华田组下段形成于上新世末。根据孢粉组合特征,结合构造—沉积演化和区域气候背景,重塑洞庭盆地上新世末以来的气候演化过程:上新世末期由孢粉带Ⅰ和Ⅱ指示具暖干气候。早更新世经历了凉干(孢粉带Ⅲ、Ⅳ)→暖湿间凉干(孢粉带Ⅴ～Ⅶ)→冷干间温湿(孢粉带Ⅷ～Ⅹ)→暖较湿(孢粉带Ⅺ,Ⅻ)的气候演变过程。中更新世早期无孢粉样品(洞庭湖组下部砾石层),其沉积环境暗示冷干气候条件;中期由孢粉带ⅩⅢ反映出暖稍湿的气候特征;晚期因构造抬升缺失沉积,同期湿热化事件指示暖湿气候。晚更新世早期缺乏沉积,据区域对比应为寒冷气候;中期由孢粉带ⅩⅣ指示温较湿的气候特征;晚期缺失沉积,系寒冷气候下区域海平面下降所致。全新世经历了暖稍湿(孢粉带ⅩⅤ)→暖稍干(孢粉带ⅩⅥ)的演变。上述气候演变过程与ZKC1孔化学蚀变指数曲线反映的气候演变过程以及中国东部第四纪气候演化基本吻合。以孔深140 m为界,上部孢粉数量显著高于下部,种属也更为丰富。这一变化很可能对应于一次重要的地质事件,其成因有待今后深入研究。 相似文献
20.
2013年以来在辽宁大连骆驼山金远洞堆积(39°23'59.01"N,121°41'20.28"E)进行的系统发掘出土了大量的哺乳动物化石。最近从偶蹄类化石中鉴定出泥河湾期动物群的典型成员布氏真枝角鹿(Eucladoceros boulei)的头骨等材料。金远洞标本角柄粗短,角柄在额骨上向上、外侧方向生长,角枝长而弯曲;头骨额部宽而平,上颌骨高;颊齿齿冠高度中等偏低,上前臼齿舌侧主尖具釉质褶,P2和P3具明显的内中凹,上臼齿具内附尖(底柱),p4没有臼齿化迹象,下臼齿无古鹿褶,但具下外附尖(底柱)。布氏真枝角鹿的产出层位集中在下更新统,因此是早更新世动物群的代表。布氏真枝角鹿以前主要见于华北,向南可达安徽。大连金远洞标本的发现说明这个种的地理分布范围可以到达东北,但从整体看仍是北方动物群的成员。布氏真枝角鹿与欧洲维拉方期的真枝角鹿在形态上有一定的相似性,说明在早更新世期间欧亚大陆的东西两侧存在过动物群的交流。布氏真枝角鹿高度偏低的齿冠指示其食嫩叶的食性,说明在早更新世期间大连金远洞一带很可能存在一定范围的阔叶林环境。 相似文献