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综合分析了研究了采自布兰斯菲尔德主体海槽中ＰＣ１０孔的全部室内外资料；岩芯，粒度特征，矿物组分，生物尸体等年代学等，指出了整个岩芯柱代表了区内１１２．５ｋａ以来冰－系环境的沉积。沉积作用包括生物硅质宙积，火山碎屑沉积和浊流沉积等。 相似文献
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根据粒度、微体生物组合、矿物组分和微量元素丰度,探讨了南极布兰斯菲尔德海峡中央海槽和南部下陆坡区冰－海沉积环境形成的硅质沉积物特征。硅质沉积物主要为硅藻软泥或粉砂质硅藻软泥,由微体生物遗体、粘土矿物、火山物质和陆源碎屑矿物所组成。硅质生物壳体主要为硅藻,含量＞３０％,含少量放射虫和硅质壳有孔虫。粘土矿物中蒙脱石的含量高达５２．５％,其次为陆源伊利石,高岭石和绿泥石含量相对较低。碎屑重矿物以橄榄石、辉石、角闪石等非稳定组合为特征,轻矿物主要包括石英、长石和火山玻璃。微量元素丰度特征与大洋现代表层沉积物有所区别。研究区硅质沉积作用具有多种物源、生物沉积作用居重要地位、陆源（包括火山）物质以粉砂和粘土级细质点为主、相对较高的沉积速率和受地质构造背景影响等特征。 相似文献
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本文对南设得兰群岛西海域S_(11)钻孔岩芯中的重、轻矿物作了描述,按矿物在垂直方向上的变化和优势矿物种确定矿物组合类型,并将晚更新世到全新世的341cm沉积地层划分为四层:1.上火山碎屑矿物沉积层,2.中火山碎屑矿物沉积层,3.火成碎屑矿物沉积层(深海砂层),4.下火山碎屑矿物沉积层。本文还讨论了物质来源和深海砂层的可能成因。 相似文献
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区域性的湖泊水位能反映有效降水及气候变化,已成为重建第四纪降水和水量平衡最重要的指标。亚洲分布着几乎全球各种成因类型的湖泊,第四纪湖泊演化在全球第四纪研究中占有重要地位。多年来通过对地貌学、沉积学、生物地球化学和考古学的研究重建了各个区域的湖泊水位变化,并据此建立了湖泊演变数据库,作为研究第四纪亚洲区域气候变化的重要基础。本文介绍湖泊水位气候理论的发展历程,回顾晚第四纪亚洲湖泊水位研究的历史;分析晚第四纪亚洲从西到东不同区域湖泊水位变化历史和地域特征,并根据晚第四纪冰期和间冰期的两个特征期湖泊空间变化特征,从古气候模拟的角度探讨了气候驱动机制下湖泊水位变化的成因。 相似文献
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对南极半岛西部海域的表层沉积物和岩芯S11样品中小于2微米粒级的分析表明,粘土矿物由蒙脱石、伊利石、绿泥石和高岭石组成。表层沉积物中以蒙脱石和伊利石两种矿物占优势。蒙脱石的变化趋势由北向南递减,在南设得兰群岛周围海区含量最高;伊利石的变化趋势与蒙脱石相反,主要分布在南极半岛西北侧。 岩芯S11中的粘土矿物仍由上述四种矿物组成。蒙脱石含量随深度增大而减少;伊利石和绿泥石含量随深度增大而增高。这种变化趋势表明蒙脱石在间冰期沉积物中最丰富,而伊利石和绿泥石在冰期沉积物中最丰富。 相似文献
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两个冰期-间冰期旋回的黄土记录及其古气候意义 总被引：9，自引：14，他引：9
北京邻区枣沟、斋堂和赤峰黄土－古土壤剖面粒度和磁化率变化在幅度和相位上都有明显的差异。在两个冰期－间冰期旋回，磁化率记录具有冰量变化模式，而粒度记录具有轨道周期特点，粒度和磁化率之间的相位关系在从冰期向间冰期转换和冰期向间冰期过渡的过程中，既有滞后也有超前的表现，很难单纯以成土作用来解释。由于黄土粒度主要反映粉尘源区环境和古风场强度的变化，而磁化率主要记录的是沉积区的成壤作用，反映夏季风的强度变化，因此剖面粒度和磁化率变化的不协调说明古风场和粉尘源区变化与粉尘沉积区气候变化之间不统一。这可能意味着控制夏季风强度变化和控制冬季风强度变化的机制存在差异。 相似文献
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巴尔钦乌拉石灰岩矿床产于二叠系下统哲斯组石灰岩地层中,根据岩相变化、古地理环境及成因分析,认为属于滨海相沉积环境下的化学-生物化学沉积成因。根据矿石的结构、构造及矿物成分的含量变化,矿石自然类型主要为生物碎屑灰岩。根据石灰岩不同成分的含量及不同用途,其矿石主要工业类型是电石用石灰岩和水泥用石灰岩。 相似文献
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策勒绿洲外围不同地下水埋深下主要优势植物的分布和群落特征 总被引：7，自引：3，他引：4
对塔克拉玛干沙漠南缘策勒绿洲外围地下水埋深与主要优势植物分布和群落特点的研究结果表明,植物的分布和群落特征受地下水埋深变化的影响。但群落的组成成分和生物多样性受到地貌特征和地下水埋深的双重影响。群落的差异性和间断性大于群落的连续性和相似性。群落分布随地下水埋深的变化与其他荒漠地区在大的空间演替规律上相一致,但在群落类型、特别是低水位地段群落演替序列上有明显不同。随着地下水埋深的变化,植物群落依次为:低水位的骆驼刺群落,较低水位的柽柳群落,中低水位的柽柳、胡杨群落,较高水位的芦苇群落,高水位的苦豆子群落,其中地下水埋深6.0 m以上地段是植物群落类型、种类组成和生物多样性都较为丰富的地区。绿洲外围植物中柽柳具有最大的环境资源利用比率,对环境的适应性最强。 相似文献
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青藏高原湖泊沉积研究主要围绕青藏高原隆升和全球变化响应开展的。研究揭示了青藏高原隆升具有整体性、阶段性和后期加速性。中晚更新世以来和末次间冰期一冰期气候演化过程得到重建,并能够与冰芯和深海氧同位素记录对比;同时也存在MIS3阶段强烈暖湿和末次冰盛期冷湿等区域特征;新仙女木事件在湖泊沉积物也有明显记录。全新世研究表明青藏高原早期暖湿并经历冷事件,大暖期普遍出现高水位,后期气候向于冷化方向发展。湖泊沉积环境定量化重建也得到研究。青藏高原湖泊沉积应在高分辨率纹层沉积和环境指标定量分析基础理论方面加强研究。 相似文献
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Robert Negrini Daniel Erbes Karin Faber Adam Herrera Andrew Roberts Andrew Cohen Peter Wigand Franklin Foit 《Journal of Paleolimnology》2000,24(2):125-149
This study presents the age control and environmental magnetism components of a new, late Pleistocene paleoclimate record for the Great Basin of western North America. Two new cores from the Summer Lake sub-basin of pluvial Lake Chewaucan, Oregon, USA are correlated to basin margin outcrops on the basis of tephrochronology, lithostratigraphy, sediment magnetism and paleomagnetic secular variation. Eleven tephra layers were found in the cores that correlate to tephra identified previously in the outcrop. The Olema ash was also found in one of the cores; its stratigraphic position, relative to 3 dated tephra layers, indicates that its age is 50-55 ka, somewhat younger than has been previously reported. The Summer Lake sediments are divided into deep and shallow lake lithosomes based on sedimentary features. The stratigraphic position of these lithosomes support the tephra-based correlations between the outcrop and the cores. These sediments contain a well resolved record of the Mono Lake Excursion (MLE) and an earlier paleomagnetic excursion as well as a high quality replication of the paleosecular variation immediately above the MLE.Relative sedimentation rates increased dramatically toward the depocenter during intervals of low-lake level. In contrast, during intervals of high-lake level, relative sedimentation rates were comparable along the basin axis from the basin margin to the depocenter. The magnetic mineralogy of the Summer Lake sediments is dominated by pseudo-single domain (titano)magnetite and intervals of high/low magnetite concentration coincide with lithosomes that indicate high/low lake levels. Magnetic grain size also varies in accord with bulk sediment grain size as indicated by the silt/clay ratio. To a first order, variations in magnetic parameters, especially those attributable to the concentration of magnetic minerals, correlate well with global glacial/interglacial oscillations as indicated by marine oxygen isotope stages. This relationship can be explained by increased dissolution of (titano)magnetite minerals as lake level dropped and the lake became more productive biologically. This inference is supported by a correspondence between lower concentrations of magnetite with higher levels of total organic carbon and vice-versa. 相似文献
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Integrated acoustic and coring investigation of glacigenic deposits in Spitsbergen fjords 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
In many areas of Svalbard, the Neoglacial terminal deposits represent the Holocene glacial maximum. The glaciers began the retreat from their Neoglacial maximum positions around 1900 AD. Based on high resolution acoustic data and sediment cores, sedimentation patterns in four tidewater glacier-influenced inlets of the fjord Isfjorden (Tempelfjorden, Billefjorden, Yoldiabukta and Borebukta), Spitsbergen, were investigated. A model for sedimentation of tidewater glaciers in these High Arctic environments is proposed. Glacigenic deposits occur in proximal and distal basins. The proximal basins comprise morainal ridges and hummocky moraines, bounded by terminal moraines marking the maximum Neoglacial ice extent. The distal basins are characterized by debris lobes and draping stratified glacimarine sediments beyond, and to some extent beneath and above, the lobes. The debris lobe in Tempelfjorden is composed of massive clayey silt with scattered clasts. Distal glacimarine sediments comprise stratified clayey silt with low ice-rafted debris (IRD) content. The average sedimentation rate for the glacimarine sediments in Tempelfjorden is 17 mm/yr for the last ca. 130 years. It is suggested that the stratified sediments in Tempelfjorden are glacimarine varves. The high sedimentation rate and low IRD content are explained by input from rivers, in addition to sedimentation from suspension of glacial meltwater. The debris lobes in Borebukta are composed of massive clayey silt with high clast content. Distal glacimarine sediments in Yoldiabukta comprise clayey silt with high IRD content. The average sedimentation rate for these sediments is 0.6 mm/yr for the last 2300 years. 相似文献
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Richard L. Reynolds Joseph G. Rosenbaum Josh Rapp Michael W. Kerwin J. Platt Bradbury Steven Colman David Adam 《Journal of Paleolimnology》2004,31(2):217-233
Petrological and textural properties of lacustrine sediments from Upper Klamath Lake, Oregon, reflect changing input volumes of glacial flour and thus reveal a detailed glacial history for the southern Cascade Range between about 37 and 15 ka. Magnetic properties vary as a result of mixing different amounts of the highly magnetic, glacially generated detritus with less magnetic, more weathered detritus derived from unglaciated parts of the large catchment. Evidence that the magnetic properties record glacial flour input is based mainly on the strong correlation between bulk sediment particle size and parameters that measure the magnetite content and magnetic mineral freshness. High magnetization corresponds to relatively fine particle size and lower magnetization to coarser particle size. This relation is not found in the Buck Lake core in a nearby, unglaciated catchment. Angular silt-sized volcanic rock fragments containing unaltered magnetite dominate the magnetic fraction in the late Pleistocene sediments but are absent in younger, low magnetization sediments. The finer grained, highly magnetic sediments contain high proportions of planktic diatoms indicative of cold, oligotrophic limnic conditions. Sediment with lower magnetite content contains populations of diatoms indicative of warmer, eutrophic limnic conditions. During the latter part of oxygen isotope stage 3 (about 37–25 ka), the magnetic properties record millennial-scale variations in glacial-flour content. The input of glacial flour was uniformly high during the Last Glacial Maximum, between about 21 and 16 ka. At about 16 ka, magnetite input, both absolute and relative to hematite, decreased abruptly, reflecting a rapid decline in glacially derived detritus. The decrease in magnetite transport into the lake preceded declines in pollen from both grass and sagebrush. A more gradual decrease in heavy mineral content over this interval records sediment starvation with the growth of marshes at the margins of the lake and dilution of detrital material by biogenic silica and other organic matter. 相似文献
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利用X衍射法分析了苏北平原浅钻剖面(YZ1)的粘土矿物类型和含量,并对其环境意义进行了探讨。结果表明,YZ1浅钻沉积物粘土成分主要由4种粘土矿物(伊利石、高岭石、绿泥石、蒙脱石)和少量长石、石英碎屑组成;研究区的古气候环境演变主要经历3个阶段,13 770~11 600 cal a B.P.期间的低温冷干阶段;11 600~9 610cal a B.P.期间的逐步升温阶段;9 610~1 520 cal a B.P.期间的全新世暖湿阶段,在这3个大的阶段背景条件下也存在一些次级波动。 相似文献
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山东黄土堆积过程记录了中国东部季风区大气环流的变化信息,对揭示东亚季风变化规律与古气候环境演变具有重要价值。本文采用参数化粒度端元分析方法探讨山东章丘剖面沉积物的沉积特征、沉积动力及其环境意义。结果表明：① 章丘剖面光释光年代（OSL）介于42.24—0.26 ka之间,为晚更新世以来的沉积物。② 章丘剖面沉积物粒度组分分为5个端元,EM1代表成壤作用产生和携带搬运的粘土组分;EM2代表高空西风远距离搬运的细粉砂组分;EM3代表以浮尘形式存在的沉降组分;EM4是该剖面的主要粉尘来源,代表地方风系作用下低空悬浮搬运的粉砂组分;EM5代表以尘暴形式近地悬移搬运的砂粒组分。EM5组分含量变化对冬季风强度变化具有较好的指示意义,并记录了晚更新世以来的气候波动事件。③ 根据各端元组分含量、低频磁化率（χlf）、土壤颜色（a*）等指标,结合OSL结果,有效指示了晚更新世以来章丘剖面沉积环境的阶段性变化,体现了全球气候环境变化的区域响应,但也存在差异性。 相似文献
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F. Manalt C. Beck J.-R. Disnar J.-F. Deconinck P. Recourt 《Journal of Paleolimnology》2001,25(2):179-192
The basin fill of Lake Annecy was investigated from a 44 m core which reached down to glacial sediments of the last glaciation (called Würm in the alpine areas). We analyzed three main parameters: sediment texture (optical microscopy and laser microgranulometry), clay mineral assemblages (CMA by XRD), and organic matter (OM by Rock-Eval pyrolysis). Settling of suspended load, under variable hydrodynamic conditions is the main depositional process. Both CMA and OM provenances can be recognized for the different sedimentary and igneous-metamorphic formations (Carboniferous to Quaternary, and older crystalline basement) and corresponding areas, in the surrounding region of Lake Annecy. Oligocene-Miocene molasses, Early Cretaceous marls, and Early-Middle Jurassic marls and shales are the main sedimentary sources. Two distinct processes were operating: destruction of glacial sediments (till sensu largo) and reworking, or direct erosion and run-off from ice-free catchment areas. Clay minerals related to pedogenesis, and non-reworked terrestrial and lacustrine OM, were progessively added to these primary sources during the Late Würmian/Holocene transition to warmer climatic conditions. Rapid modifications of CMA and OM sources during the earlier phase of sedimentary infilling (Unit 2) suggest that valley glaciers connected to the lake basin almost completely disappeared within a few centuries. 相似文献
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Andrey Petrovich Fedotov Michael A. Phedorin Mark De Batist Galina A. Ziborova Alexsey Yu Kazansky Michael Yu Semenov Galina G. Matasova Andrey V. Khabuev Sergey A. Kugakolov Sergey V. Rodyakin Svetlana M. Krapivina Tom Pouls 《Journal of Paleolimnology》2008,39(3):335-348
We use high-resolution reflection seismic data and detailed grain-size analysis of a drill core (KDP-01) from Lake Khubsugul
(northern Mongolia) to provide an improved reconstruction of the glacial history of the area for the last 450 ka. Grain-size
analysis of suspended sediment load in modern rivers draining into the lake and of moraine material from the northern part
of the catchment shows that the silt fraction is transported to the central part of the lake mainly by river suspension, whereas
the clay fraction is mainly transported by glacial meltwater during deglaciation. The changes in of the clay/silt ratio in
Lake Khubsugul sediments correlates well with the standard global paleoclimate records: low clay/silt ratios indicate warm
climates, while a high clay/silt ratio reflects glacial erosion and cold climates. Pulses of clay input into the lake occur
at the final stages of glacial periods (i.e., glacial maxima and subsequent onsets of deglaciation). The periodicity in glacial
clay input in Lake Khubsugul is in tune with global periods of deglaciation, but there are differences in the intensity of
the deglacial events for MIS-12 and MIS-2. These differences are attributed to specific conditions in regional distribution
of moisture during glaciation, glacial ice volumes, and solar insolation intensity at the onset of deglaciation. Deglaciation
of the Khubsugul glaciers occurred in response to an increase in summer solar insolation above a threshold value of 490 W/m2. Two types of deglaciation can be distinguished: (1) slow melting during several tens of 1,000 years during weak increases
in summer insolation, and (2) short and fast melting during several thousands of years in response to strong increases in
summer insolation. The maximum ice volume in the area of Lake Khubsugul during the past 450 ka occurred during the period
of 373–350 ka BP (MIS 11a-10) and was caused by high levels of moisture in the region, whereas the MIS-2 and MIS-12 glacial
periods were characterized by minima in ice volume, due to the strong aridity in the region. 相似文献