共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 15 毫秒
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Jiacong Huang Junfeng Gao Georg Hörmann Nicola Fohrer 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2014,72(9):3609-3621
Understanding the short-term response of phytoplankton biomass on environmental variables is needed for issuing early warnings of harmful algal blooms in aquatic ecosystems. Predicting harmful algal blooms are particularly challenging in large shallow lakes due to their complex mixing patterns. This study used a two-dimensional hydrodynamic–phytoplankton model to evaluate the effects of environmental variables on short-term changes in the horizontal distribution of phytoplankton biomass in a large shallow lake, Lake Taihu, China. Two simulations were performed using daily and hourly average wind condition and water temperature data collected in 2009. Other model inputs were identical for these two simulations. The response of phytoplankton to wind conditions, light intensity, water temperature, and total dissolved phosphorus and nitrogen concentrations were examined based on a sensitivity analysis using the hourly data. Hourly simulation achieved a more realistic distribution of phytoplankton biomass than the daily simulation. This finding implies that data with a higher temporal resolution are more useful for short-term prediction of phytoplankton biomass in this lake. Sensitivity analysis indicated that water temperature and light intensity dominate short-term changes in phytoplankton biomass in this lake. Wind conditions also affect phytoplankton biomass distribution by causing advective water movement. 相似文献
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M. Mansor Dr. 《GeoJournal》1987,14(3):353-356
Algal blooms are frequently observed in eutrophic lakes; a typical example of which is Lake Lindores, where two species of algal blooms were observed during the studied period. The first bloom of Asterionella formosa occured in spring, with a second occurence of the bloom observed in late winter and autumn when the water temperature was fairly low. At a higher water temperature, of more than 15°C, an unwanted blue-green algal bloom of Anabaena flosaquae occured. The blue-green algal bloom normally occured in summer and early autumn. 相似文献
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Megan B. Rothenberger Thomas Swaffield Alyssa J. Calomeni Carolyn D. Cabrey 《Estuaries and Coasts》2014,37(3):695-711
Raritan Bay, located between the states of New York and New Jersey, has a long history of cultural eutrophication and associated harmful algal blooms (HABs). Despite striking chemical and biological alterations occurring in Raritan Bay, publications in the early 1960s were the last to report consecutive measurements of both water quality parameters and plankton species composition in this system. The objectives of this study were to characterize water quality trends and plankton composition in a eutrophic estuary, compare current environmental conditions to those documented in Raritan Bay 50 years ago (i.e., at the same six sampling sites), and to further clarify the relationship among nutrients, secondary consumers, and algal bloom generation in this system using ordination techniques. This study (monthly data collected from April 2010–October 2012) indicates that Raritan Bay continues to exhibit numerous symptoms of eutrophication, including high algal biomass, high turbidity, violations of the dissolved oxygen standard to protect fish health, and blooms of potentially harmful phytoplankton species. Altered spatial and temporal patterns for nitrate and soluble reactive phosphorus (SRP) over the past 50 years may suggest new, changing, or expanding sources of nutrients. A total of 14 HAB species have been identified, including Heterosigma akashiwo, which formed a bloom in the upper Raritan Bay during summer 2012 in association with hypoxic conditions. Multivariate analyses indicate that abundance of this species is positively associated with high temperature, salinity, nitrate, and SRP and negatively associated with spring river discharge rates and total zooplankton abundance in Raritan Bay. 相似文献
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“我国近海有害赤潮发生的生态学、海洋学机制及预测防治”研究进展 总被引：44，自引：1，他引：43
介绍国家重点基础研究发展计划项目（“973”项目）“我国近海有害赤潮发生的生态学、海洋学机制及预测防治”的研究背景和主要研究内容,即以我国赤潮高发区东海作为主要研究海域,重点开展重要有害赤潮种的生物学特征及生态适应策略研究;近海赤潮高发区有害赤潮与富营养化的关系研究;近海赤潮高发区有害赤潮生消关键物理过程、数值模拟与预测研究;有害赤潮的危害机理及防治机理研究等。简要报道了项目通过现场综合航次获得的东海大规模赤潮发生前后水文、化学和生物学等诸多要素的变化特征,以及结合实验室模拟研究,在探索重要赤潮生物种群变化的动力学过程及其调控机理等方面取得的进展。另外,对项目的研究前景进行了展望。 相似文献
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采用野外定点采样、室内同步分析水体碱性磷酸酶活性及水化学指标的方法,研究引江济太调水对太湖各湖区水体碱性磷酸酶最大反应速率(vmax)、米氏常数(Kmm)值的影响。结果表明:在引江济太调水试验期间,各湖区水体中vmax及Kmm值时空分布存在差异性。调水稀释了各湖区蓝藻浓度,抑制了水体碱性磷酸酶vmax;贡湖区、西岸河口区及湖心区水体中Kmm值与入湖累积水量之间有显著的二次函数关系(p=0.007)。梅梁湖、竺山湖、贡湖及西岸河口区水体碱性磷酸酶vmax/Kmm随着总磷浓度升高而增加,但竺山湖、贡湖、草型湖、湖心及西岸河口区水体vmax/K随生物可利用磷(PO3--P)浓度增加而下降。除草型湖区外,其它湖区水体v/K随叶绿素a浓度升高而增加。 相似文献
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太湖富营养化与蓝藻水华引起的饮用水危机——原因与对策 总被引：58，自引：0，他引：58
[ZW（*][HT6H]〓收稿日期：.
〓作者简介：[HT6SS]（1963 ）,男,江苏苏州人,研究员,主要从事水环境研究.[WT6HZ]E mail:[WT6BZ]qinbq@niglas.ac.cn[ZW)]
[HT4F][HT5K]()[JZ）]
[HT5H][GK2]
摘〓要：[HT5K]2007年5月份发生在无锡太湖蓝藻水华引起的自来水危机事件进一步凸现我国湖泊富营养化的严峻局面和蓝藻水华频发的现状。从分析太湖富营养化发生、发展,蓝藻水华爆发的原因和机制入手,提出湖泊富营养化治理和蓝藻水华控制的途径和措施。研究表明,太湖富营养化之所以如此严重而且治理起来异常艰难,主要是由于太湖发育于长江中下游洪泛平原,营养本底高;由于水浅和沉水植被的退化使得频繁的风浪扰动造成内源营养盐负荷维持在一个非常高的水平;而流域内社会经济的高速发展,进一步加剧了太湖富营养化进程。蓝藻水华爆发一方面与蓝藻本身的生理特征有关,如固碳、伪空泡、光吸收及营养盐利用的能力;另一方面则与系统内物理、化学、生物环境有关,如独特的浅水湖泊水下光场结构和低的捕食压力。太湖的富营养化治理需遵循控源截污、湖泊生态修复和流域管理的原则,具体措施包括前置库和人工湿地的面源污染物控制技术;物理机械和生物去除内源营养盐削减技术;沉水植被恢复的湖泊生态修复技术。而蓝藻水华的控制技术则包括围隔拦截和导流的物理工程方法、絮凝沉降和抑藻物添加的化学工程方法以及生态浮床和生物操纵的生态工程方法。具体使用时,需要先诊断、后治理。
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德基水库集水区的气候条件适合温带水果及高冷蔬菜、茶叶的种植,德基水库集水区上游遍布果园、菜园与茶园。因此,每逢大雨来临时,大量的残留肥料常遭冲刷至水库中。这些残留的肥料中含有大量的氮、磷等营养盐,足以提供水库微生物的生长繁殖所需,也因此造成水库中二角多甲藻的大量繁殖,进而形成藻华现象。研究使用Landsat TM卫星数据,搭配传统监测模式,以监督式影像分类法分析与监测德基水库1995年的藻华现象。研究结果显示,以Landsat TM卫星数据监测德基水库的藻华现象,其准确率可达87.5%以上。由影像分类的结果可得知,德基水库二角多甲藻之藻华现象发生较严重的时期为夏天,而冬天则较为轻微。此现象发生的原因,应与集水区上游的农业经营模式息息相关。此外,德基水库藻华现象发生的区域及其程度也经由实地调查与卫星影像监测,一一获得证实。 相似文献
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Total organic carbon (TOC), Total nitrogen (TN) and the phosphorus species concentrations of sediment cores taken from Zhushan Bay, Meiliang Bay, and East Taihu Lake regions in Taihu Lake, a large shallow lake in China, were determined. Experimental results showed a conspicuous eutrophication trend in the northern area of Taihu Lake. Inorganic P was found to be the main phosphorus form. Fe-bound P accounted for the largest proportion of Inorganic P in Meiliang Bay, an alga-type lake region. In East Taihu Lake, a macrophytic lake region, Ca-bound P was found in higher proportions than in other lake regions, with Organic P present in similarly large proportions. With respect to Taihu Lake sediment cores, the date at approximately 20 cm layer depth was roughly identified as 1950s, while upper 5 cm layers corresponded to the turn of the century. The drastic increase in phosphorus species concentration except for Ca-bound P was indicative of the large quantities of effluent discharge into Zhushan Bay owing to the increased industrial and agricultural production from the 1950s onwards. TN, Inorganic P, Organic P, and total phosphorus (TP) concentrations increased by over 2, 2.5, 2 and 2.5-fold, respectively, over the past five decades. A large proportion of Organic P accounted for TP, and high C/N ratios indicated that East Taihu Lake can be properly classified as an oligotrophic lake. 相似文献
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Copper and arsenic underwent large changes in chemical form during the development and senescence of natural phytoplankton blooms in the Patuxent River, a subestuary of Chesapeake Bay in Maryland. Arsenate was rapidly reduced to arsenite and methylated species. At a total arsenic concentration of 20 nmol l?1, arsenate reduction rates ranged from 50 amol cell?1 d?1 to >230 amol cell?1 d?1, with the rate and extent of reduction dependent upon the concentration of arsenic, the dominant phytoplankton present, the season, and the degree of decline in phosphorus concentrations during bloom development. In general, the percentage of organically-associated copper was lowest (20–40% of total copper) during periods of rapid cell growth and highest (60–100% of total copper) during periods of cell decline or periods of dominance by red tide-forming dinoflagellates, a pattern associated with periods of high release of organic compounds during either bloom senescence or dense algal blooms. The end result of biological mediation was to increase the proportion of each element present in a less toxic form, thus affecting the potential toxicity to a natural ecosystem. 相似文献
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太湖地处长江下游三角洲,水域面积为2338km2,平均水深1.9m,最大水深不足2.6m,为一典型的大型浅水湖泊。太湖流域地势平坦,河网密布,河湖水力关系复杂。其主要补给径流来自西南部的天目山区及西部的宜溧河流域。每年夏天,大部分入湖洪水通过位于东太湖的太浦河及东北部的望虞河分别排入黄浦江与长江,由于出入湖河道的特殊位置,使得太湖南部的换水周期较短而北部较长。近几十年来,太湖由于污染而逐步呈现富营养化特征,污染物主要来自北部的无锡市和常州市,通过河道排入太湖北部的五里湖与梅梁湾,因此上述两地的水质较南部差。在东太湖,水产养殖对水环境的影响很大,亦呈现出富营养化特征,并殃及该地区的供水,加之该地区为太湖主要的泄洪通道,因此泥沙淤积严重,而且水生植物生长旺盛,呈现出明显的沼泽化趋势;在太湖四周地区,由于湖泊围垦和水利工程建设,其污染净化能力将降低,从而加速水环境恶化的趋势。太湖所面临这些问题,有待于强化湖泊科学管理来解决。 相似文献
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Jennifer A. Goleski Florian Koch Maria A. Marcoval Charles C. Wall Frank J. Jochem Bradley J. Peterson Christopher J. Gobler 《Estuaries and Coasts》2010,33(5):1202-1215
Florida Bay is Florida’s (USA) largest estuary and has experienced harmful picocyanobacteria blooms for nearly two decades.
While nutrient loading is the most commonly cited cause of algal blooms in Florida Bay, the role of zooplankton grazing pressure
in bloom occurrence has not been considered. For this study, the spatial and temporal dynamics of cyanobacteria blooms, the
microbial food web, microzooplankton and mesozooplankton grazing rates of picoplankton, and the effects of nutrients on plankton
groups in Florida Bay were quantified. During the study, cyanobacteria blooms (>3 × 105 cells mL−1) persisted in the eastern and central regions of Florida Bay for more than a year. Locations with elevated abundance of cyanobacteria
hosted microzooplankton grazing rates on cyanobacteria that were significantly lower (p < 0.001) and less frequently detectable compared to sites without blooms. Consistent with this observation, cyanobacteria
abundances were significantly correlated with ciliates and heterotrophic nanoflagellates at low cyanobacteria densities (p < 0.001) but were not correlated during bloom events. The experimental enrichment of mesozooplankton abundance during blooms
yielded a significant decrease in the net growth rate of picoplankton but had the opposite effect when blooms were absent,
suggesting that the cascading effect of mesozooplankton grazing on the microbial food web was also altered during blooms.
While inorganic nutrient enrichment significantly increased the net growth rates of eukaryotic phytoplankton and heterotrophic
bacteria, such nutrient loading had no effect on the net growth rates of cyanobacteria. Hence, this study demonstrates that
low rates of zooplankton grazing and low rates of inorganic nutrient loading contribute to the persistence of cyanobacteria
blooms in Florida Bay. 相似文献
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水深作为重要的湖泊水文因子,对湖泊水动力过程、化学过程和生态过程具有重要的影响。通过对1993-2002年太湖水深水质实测资料的回归分析,建立了太湖7个分区的水深与总氮、总磷、叶绿素a浓度的回归方程。结果表明,叶绿素a浓度对水深变化的响应并不显著。一般情况下,水深变化对营养盐浓度的影响不显著,但在特定的湖区,如梅梁湾,水深变化对营养盐浓度的影响显著。鉴于水深变化可以对太湖局部区域的水环境具有显著的影响,因此存在通过太湖流域水利工程的联合运行,人为调控特定湖区水深,在一定程度上改善水质的可能性。 相似文献
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太湖生态环境演化及其原因分析 总被引：42，自引：10，他引：32
太湖地处长江下游三角洲,水域面积为2338km2,平均水深1.9m,最大水深不足2.6m,为一典型的大型浅水湖泊。太湖流域地势平坦,河网密布,河湖水力关系复杂。其主要补给径流来自西南部的天目山区及西部的宜溧河流域。每年夏天,大部分入湖洪水通过位于东太湖的太浦河及东北部的望虞河分别排入黄浦江与长江,由于出入湖河道的特殊位置,使得太湖南部的换水周期较短而北部较长。近几十年来,太湖由于污染而逐步呈现富营养化特征,污染物主要来自北部的无锡市和常州市,通过河道排入太湖北部的五里湖与梅梁湾,因此上述两地的水质较南部差。在东太湖,水产养殖对水环境的影响很大,亦呈现出富营养化特征,并殃及该地区的供水,加之该地区为太湖主要的泄洪通道,因此泥沙淤积严重,而且水生植物生长旺盛,呈现出明显的沼泽化趋势;在太湖四周地区,由于湖泊围垦和水利工程建设,其污染净化能力将降低,从而加速水环境恶化的趋势。太湖所面临这些问题,有待于强化湖泊科学管理来解决。 相似文献
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Lake Taihu, the third largest fresh water lake of China, with a surface area of 2338 km2, is located in the Changjiang River Delta, the most advanced economic zone in China. It is a typical saucer-like shallow lake in its depth and shape. During the last decade, the rapid economic development of local agriculture and industry both in the urban and rural areas of the Taihu region has made great advances. Great quantities of pollutants have been discharged into the lake, its nutrient content has increased continuously, and phytoplankton blooms have occurred in some areas. Water quality protection in Lake Taihu is very important because of its close relation with economic development and people's daily life. It is urgent to have comprehensive pollution control in Lake Taihu. Based on water quality monitoring data in Lake Taihu from 1986 to 1993, the dynamic variations of water quality and eutrophication trends have been analyzed, showing obvious spatial and temporal variations. The main water quality factors were compared with the standards for drinking water and indicate considerable change with the seasons. Basic strategies to protect water quality and prevent eutrophication are discussed. 相似文献
17.
Mindaugas Zilius Marco Bartoli Mariano Bresciani Marija Katarzyte Tomas Ruginis Jolita Petkuviene Irma Lubiene Claudia Giardino Paul A. Bukaveckas Rutger de Wit Arturas Razinkovas-Baziukas 《Estuaries and Coasts》2014,37(3):680-694
We investigated the dissolved oxygen metabolism of the Curonian Lagoon (Baltic Sea) to assess the relative contributions of pelagic and benthic processes to the development of transient hypoxic conditions in shallow water habitats. Metabolism measurements along with the remote sensing-derived estimates of spatial variability in chlorophyll a were used to evaluate the risk of hypoxia at the whole lagoon level. Our data demonstrate that cyanobacterial blooms strongly inhibit light penetration, resulting in net heterotrophic conditions in which pelagic oxygen demand exceeds benthic oxygen demand by an order of magnitude. The combination of bloom conditions and reduced vertical mixing during calm periods resulted in oxygen depletion of bottom waters and greater sediment nutrient release. The peak of reactive P regeneration (nearly 30 μmol m?2 h?1) coincided with oxygen depletion in the water column, and resulted in a marked drop of the inorganic N:P ratio (from >40 to <5, as molar). Our results suggest a strong link between cyanobacterial blooms, pelagic respiration, hypoxia, and P regeneration, which acts as a feedback in sustaining algal blooms through internal nutrient cycling. Meteorological data and satellite-derived maps of chlorophyll a were used to show that nearly 70 % of the lagoon surface (approximately 1,000 km2) is prone to transient hypoxia development when blooms coincide with low wind speed conditions. 相似文献
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太湖入湖河道沉积物中生物利用磷和营养水平分析 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
为了解太湖入湖河道的营养状况,研究了太湖西部河流沉积物生物利用磷的组成与分布。研究结果显示,北部沉积物中营养元素较高,南部较低;沉积物中生物利用磷的含量次序为藻类可利用磷(AAP)>NaHCO3提取磷(OLP)>水溶性磷(WSP)>易解吸磷(RDP),其中AAP是重要的生物利用磷,AAP的比例越高,富营养化程度越高。AAP与营养元素的相关性在不同区域河道有所不同,北部河道与总氮(TN)、总磷(TP)相关性较好,中部和南部河道与沉积物有机质总量(TOM)相关性较好。沉积物的生物利用磷受不同污染源影响较大。对比河道沉积物与湖泊沉积物的特征,发现湖泊沉积物中生物利用磷(BAP)/总磷(TP)、藻类可利用磷(AAP)/总磷(TP)都高于河道沉积物,表明湖泊沉积物中的磷更容易被植物吸收。 相似文献
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Florida Bay is a unique subtropical estuary at the southern tip of the Florida peninsula. Recent ecological changes (seagrass die-off, algal blooms, increased turbidity) to the Florida Bay ecosystem have focused the attention of the public, commercial interests, scientists, and resource managers on the factors influencing the structure and function of Florida Bay. Restoring Florida Bay to some historic condition is the goal of resource managers, but what is not clear is what an anthropogenically-unaltered Florida Bay would look like. While there is general consensus that human activities have contributed to the changes occurring in the Florida Bay ecosystem, a high degree of natural system variability has made elucidation of the links between human activity and Florida Bay dynamics difficult. Paleoecological analyses, examination of long-term datasets, and directed measurements of aspects of the ecology of Florida Bay all contribute to our understanding of the behavior of the bay, and allow quantification of the magnitude of the recent ecological changes with respect to historical variability of the system. 相似文献
20.
Blooms of Aureococcus anophagefferens in Chincoteague Bay were observed during 5 of 6 years between 2002 and 2007. In order to understand factors controlling blooms, interannual differences in nitrogen and carbon uptake and concentrations of dissolved constituents were compared at two sites in Chincoteague Bay, MD and VA over the 6-year time period. Over that time, we observed that there was no single nitrogen compound that fueled blooms each year. Instead, A. anophagefferens took up a wide range of nitrogen compounds to meet its nutritional demands. Although photosynthetic carbon fixation was the dominant form of carbon acquisition during blooms, organic carbon uptake contributed up to 30 % of the total carbon uptake. In addition to interannual variability in nitrogen and carbon uptake, we observed that there was an increase in bloom intensity and duration over the 6-year study period during which dissolved organic carbon appeared to accumulate in the system. 相似文献