共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 163 毫秒
1.
阻塞流场与瞬变涡动相互作用的动力学研究 总被引：10，自引：4，他引：6
借助于一个β通道正压模型,模拟了瞬变天气尺度扰动与大尺度阻塞流场相互作用,以及所形成的"Ω"型阻塞对风暴轴地带瞬变扰动涡列移动路径的影响,并用描述局地能量变化率的方程分析了能量收支情况的细致结构.结果表明,瞬变扰动在其与背景流场的相互作用过程中,在阻塞发展阶段,阻塞受到瞬变扰动涡的涡度和能量强迫,背景流场增强发展成为阻塞系统.对两种不同的阻塞流场背景下瞬变扰动能量变化的分析表明:在阻塞区扰动瞬变涡失去能量,在南北边缘瞬变扰动的能量变化趋势表现为沿着阻塞外围向下游传播的特征并从背景流场得到能量,从而瞬变涡动由源区的一列分裂为绕行于阻塞外围的两列.在两种不同背景阻塞流场结构下瞬变涡动的移动路径表现出不同的分布特征:当偶极子型阻塞作为背景流场时,瞬变涡动的移动路径呈南北对称分布于阻塞区的外缘;当瞬变涡的背景流场为"Ω"型阻塞时,瞬变扰动带受到"Ω"型阻塞流场结构的影响,表现出北支强南支弱的特征.这些结果与实际观测一致. 相似文献
2.
首先利用CFSR再分析数据,分析了东亚夏季平均环流结构及瞬变涡旋活动特征,再通过WRF模式设计控制性试验和敏感性试验分别模拟受到/不受到来自北边界中纬度瞬变涡旋活动影响的东亚夏季环流和降水,通过两组试验对比揭示了瞬变涡旋活动对东亚夏季平均环流和降水的贡献。结果表明,中纬度瞬变涡旋活动可以通过系统性的输送动量、热量、水汽和涡度来改变背景场,从而影响夏季平均环流和降水。当中纬度瞬变涡旋活动大幅度减弱时,其产生的向极动量、热量和水汽输送也显著减弱。一方面向北热量和水汽输送的减少使东亚东部大陆上低层的平均温度和水汽增加,为降水提供了环流不稳定条件和水汽条件,另一方面瞬变涡旋的动力输送变化在环流场上形成相当正压结构响应,整个中国东部地区受强西南风控制,东亚夏季风增强并推进到更北的区域。这两个因素的共同作用使我国北部地区和华南地区产生了水汽辐合和对流增强,导致该地区降水的增强。 相似文献
3.
采用动态合成、带通滤波等方法,通过对冬季黑潮延伸区暖、冷两个中尺度海洋涡旋的分析,研究了大气对中尺度海洋涡旋的响应特征。结果表明,海表温度（SST）与近海面风速的正相关关系在涡旋的动态合成图上清晰可见,暖（冷）涡上空对应10 m风速的极大（小）值,即海洋对大气的强迫作用在日时间尺度上表现显著;SST高低值中心基本对应10 m风无辐散区,暖（冷）涡上空为异常正（负）涡度分布;暖（冷）涡上空潜热、感热通量增大（减小）,降低（增大）大气稳定度,从而加强（减弱）边界层垂直混合作用,使得海洋大气边界层增厚（变薄）。暖（冷）涡旋上空对应摩擦速度极大（小）值,反映了湍流粘性力在高（低）海温中心增大（减小）的特征,表明动量垂直混合机制在中小尺度海气相互作用中起着主要作用。中尺度海洋涡旋能够影响大气瞬变扰动,大气瞬变扰动强度在暖（冷）涡下游上空出现极大（小）值,该影响不仅表现在海洋大气边界层,在自由大气中低层也有较为清晰的反映。此外,从能量转换的角度入手,发现斜压能量转换在中尺度海洋涡旋影响大气瞬变扰动强度中贡献明显。 相似文献
4.
夏季青藏高原热力场和环流场的诊断分析III:环流场稳定维持的物理机制 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
本文使用经过青藏高原气象科学实验测站观测资料订正过的欧洲中心FGGE-Ⅲb资料,对1979年夏季青藏高原地区进行了涡度方程诊断分析,研究了它们的月际变化、逐日变化和日变化,与高原上积云对流活动的强弱变化进行了比较,讨论了夏季高原稳定的环流场维持的物理机制;同时还对同时期热带赤道地区强对流活动区域进行了涡度方程诊断分析,将其涡旋环流场的维持机制与夏季高原地区进行了比较. 通过分析,发现夏季青藏高原月平均涡度方程平衡关系主要是次网格尺度项和散度项的平衡,水平平流项的耗散作用在高空较强,但不如次网格尺度项强,涡度方程其余各项均很小.从月际变化、逐日变化和日变化的比较,发现当积云对流活动发生强弱变化时,ω、D和涡度方程中的散度项、次网格尺度项均伴随很强的相应变化,对应关系很好,说明涡度方程中的次网格尺度项R(余差项)的主要部分来源于积云对流系统的活动,反映了夏季高原上存在的强盛频繁的积云对流活动对高原平均环流场的形成和维持具有重要的作用. 使夏季青藏高原高低层环流场加强的物理机制足高低层气流强大的辐散辐合,耗散机制是积云对流系统对高低层涡度的上下搅拌垂直输送作用和网格尺度水平平流项的非线性耗散作用,其中前者起主要的作用. 从涡旋能量维持的角度看,夏季青藏高原高低层环流场的维持大致是高原尺度环流系统的涡旋能量通过非线性过程,分别向高原区域以外更大尺度的系统和次网格尺度的对流系统输送,输送的损失由强大的高低层辐散辐合气流产生的涡旋能量补充,从而维持了高原地区环流场的稳定.赤道附近热带强对流活动区域环流场的维持机制与夏季高原地区的不同点,主要表现在其高层和低层的区域尺度环流场通过非线性作用都从更大尺度环流场得到涡旋能量,并把涡旋能量转送给次网格尺度积云对流系统,使自身维持稳定. 相似文献
5.
北大西洋涛动指数变化与北半球冬季阻塞活动 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
线性回归分析表明北大西洋涛动(NAO)主要与大西洋、欧洲及乌拉尔山地区阻塞的频率和强度的变化存在显著相关关系.在NAO负位相时期阻塞活动在大西洋地区较为频繁且强度较强,正位相时期大西洋地区阻塞活动减少,强度减弱,而欧洲阻塞加强,频率增加,同时乌拉尔山地区的阻塞活动也显著减少.NAO正指数的增强和减弱对应于大西洋和欧洲阻... 相似文献
6.
长江中下游地区冬季极端降水事件与天气尺度瞬变波活动的可能联系 总被引：6，自引：2，他引：4
利用ERA40、NCEP/NCAR逐日再分析资料和长江中下游地区85站逐日降水资料,从大气内部天气尺度瞬变波的角度对长江中下游地区极端降水事件进行了成因分析。研究发现瞬变波活动与极端降水的发生关系密切;冬季在两支急流并存的欧亚大陆上空存在南北两支瞬变波活跃带。南支瞬变波在冬季极端降水频发、少发年存在较明显的差异。总体而言,极端降水频发年,瞬变波活动活跃,欧亚大陆上空的瞬变波持续时间长、传播连续、强度偏强;极端降水少发年,则反之。从逐日变化来看,南支瞬变波的强度和能量传播过程与极端降水的发生频次均具有一定的对应关系。北支瞬变波的传播及瞬变波对水汽的输送和极端降水的发生也有一定促进作 用。这些结果均表明,冬季极端降水的发生与天气尺度瞬变波的活动联系紧密,天气尺度瞬变波的异常活动及传播可能是极端降水发生的重要条件,研究可为极端降水的成因研究提供新的思路。 相似文献
7.
定常涡旋与解变涡旋的热量和角动量输送对局地的大尺度运动的维持与变化起重要作用。Ho-lopainen对时间平均环流的涡度和涡度拟能的维持的诊断分析结果表明瞬变涡旋对时间平均气流的作用包括热量输送和角动量输送。对局地热量收支的贡献,定常涡旋的作用大于瞬变涡旋的作用。然而,Green对造成英国1976年夏季罕见干旱的500 hPa高压脊的形成做了分析,认为瞬变涡旋的动量输送是重要的。 相似文献
8.
东亚—北太平洋大气环流和瞬变扰动的年代际变化 总被引：6，自引：2，他引：4
用NCEP/NCAR再分析资料,分析了东亚—北太平洋大气环流、大气斜压性和天气尺度瞬变扰动活动的年代际变化特征。东亚—北太平洋地区低层大气温度和比湿及高层的西风急流都存在明显的年代际变化。西风年代际异常与大气斜压性年代际异常之间有密切联系。夏季北太平洋北部到西伯利亚高原上空的天气尺度瞬变扰动活动年代际增强,但夏季低层瞬变热力和瞬变水汽强迫的年代际异常对北太平洋中纬度低层平均温度和比湿年代际异常的作用并不显著。冬季,西太平洋西风急流年代际增强与急流下方大气斜压性年代际增加相一致,使该地区瞬变扰动年代际增强,增强的瞬变扰动将更多能量传送给西风气流,巩固了西风急流的年代际异常。年代际尺度上冬季异常的瞬变热力强迫和瞬变水汽强迫对低层大气温度和比湿异常有显著的削弱作用。 相似文献
9.
冬季北大西洋风暴轴异常对我国寒潮活动的可能影响 总被引：4，自引：3，他引：1
基于1961~2011年国家气象信息中心整编的566站逐日平均温度资料以及NCEP/NCAR(美国环境预报中心和国家大气研究中心)的逐日再分析资料等,利用奇异值分解(SVD)等方法,首先分析了年际尺度上冬季北大西洋风暴轴与同期我国寒潮频次的联系。发现,北大西洋风暴轴位置异常与我国寒潮频次变化存在显著的相关关系,即当在40°W以西风暴轴较气候平均位置偏北(偏南)和在40°W以东风暴轴较气候平均位置偏东北(偏西南)时,同期我国大部分地区的寒潮频次异常偏少(偏多),而其强度异常与我国寒潮频次变化的年际关系并不显著。进一步的分析结果表明,风暴轴位置的改变会引起天气尺度瞬变涡动的传播出现异常,而这种传播异常既可以直接影响我国寒潮活动,也可以通过其反馈作用影响大气环流来间接影响我国的寒潮活动。具体的可能影响过程如下:当风暴轴偏东北(偏西南)时,其离亚洲西风急流的位置较远(较近),不利(有利)于将北大西洋上强的瞬变涡动通过亚洲西风急流波导直接传播到我国地区;此时,北大西洋西风急流偏北(偏南),相应地北大西洋涛动(NAO)出现正(负)位相异常,而传播到下游的瞬变涡动通过动力反馈作用,可使得高纬西风加速(减速),极涡加深收缩(减弱扩张),冷空气禁锢在极地不易(容易)南下,而中纬西风则减速(加速),经向环流加强(减弱),从而引起西伯利亚低层冷堆温度增高(降低);最后,所有上述环流异常形势以及瞬变波的异常传播可最终导致我国的寒潮活动频次减少(增多)。 相似文献
10.
为探究华北暴雨的维持及中尺度系统演变机制,利用NCEP/NCAR的GFS资料、地面自动站观测资料等,借助数值模拟、涡度收支分析和尺度分离等方法,对2016年7月19日前后一次华北暴雨过程进行了观测分析和模拟研究。(1)本次极端降水过程与东移低槽切断形成的深厚低涡密切相关。低涡与副高脊线形成“东高西低”形势且雨区始终处于高层辐散低层辐合的动力配置下,有利于对流维持。涡旋与低空急流的配合使来自西南侧和东侧的水汽在华北辐合,并使雨区处于能量锋区,对流层中低层形成深厚逆温层,为暴雨维持提供水汽和能量保障。(2)低涡系统总体呈增强趋势,中心涡度最高达55×10-5 s-1以上。成熟阶段呈现贯穿对流层的直立正涡度柱,但涡度变化集中在500 hPa以下,中心维持在850 hPa附近。涡度增长主要受正涡度区与辐合中心重合产生的拉伸效应以及干侵入等因素的促进作用。(3)低层辐合中心由三种不同尺度系统叠加而成,其中中尺度系统对中心的强度和位置影响最大,而大中尺度风场间的辐合也使辐合区更大、强度更强。低层涡旋增长与风场辐合加强之间形成正反馈调节,有利于低涡和降水的维持。 相似文献
11.
In a weakly nonlinear model how an initial dipole mode develops to the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) in a localized shifting
jet under the prescribed eddy forcing is examined. It is found that the zonal structure of the eddy-driven NAO anomaly is
not only dominated by the longitudinal distribution of the preexisting Atlantic storm track, but also by the initial condition
of the NAO anomaly itself associated with the interaction between a localized shifting jet and a topographic standing wave
over the Atlantic basin. When both the initial NAO anomaly and the eddy vorticity forcing in the prior Atlantic storm track
are more zonally localized, the subsequent eddy-driven NAO anomaly can be more zonally isolated and asymmetric. But, it seems
that the shape of the initial NAO anomaly associated with the latitudinal shift of a prior Atlantic jet plays a more important
role in producing the zonal asymmetry of subsequent NAO patterns. The zonal asymmetry of the NAO anomaly can be enhanced as
the height of topography increases. In addition, it is further found that blocking events occur easily over the Europe continent
through the decaying of positive-phase NAO events. However, prior to the positive-phase NAO life cycle the variability in
each of three factors: the Atlantic jet, the eddy vorticity forcing in the Atlantic storm track and the initial NAO anomaly
can result in a variation in the blocking activity over the Europe sector in strength, duration, position and pattern. 相似文献
12.
Utilizing three different sets of reanalysis data, this study examines the long- and short-lived observed positive North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) events (referred to as NAO+_LE and NAO+_SE) and long- and short-lived observed negative NAO events (referred to as NAO?_LE and NAO?_SE). Composite results indicate that the NAO-like circulation anomalies associated with the long-lived NAO events can reach the stratosphere, while they are primarily confined to the troposphere in the short-lived NAO events. Thus, the coupling/connection of stratospheric and tropospheric circulation anomalies is much better (worse) in the long-lived (short-lived) NAO events. A series of modified stratospheric initial-value experiments conducted with a simplified model indicate that a better (worse) connection between stratospheric and tropospheric circulation anomalies in the initial-value fields tend to gradually induce the NAO-like tropospheric circulation anomalies in the troposphere on the subsequent days, and thus naturally elongate (reduce) the lifetimes of the original NAO events by altering the tropospheric synoptic eddy vorticity flux over the North Atlantic region. 相似文献
13.
Lin-Lin Pan 《Climate Dynamics》2007,29(6):647-659
This paper explores the role of synoptic eddy feedback in the air-sea interaction in the North Atlantic region, particularly
the interaction between the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) and the North Atlantic sea surface temperature anomalies (SSTA)
tripole. A linearized five-layer primitive equation atmospheric model with synoptic eddy and low-frequency flow (SELF) interaction
is coupled with a linearized oceanic mixed-layer model to investigate this issue. In this model, the “climatological” storm
track/activity (or synoptic eddy activity) is characterized in terms of spatial structures, variances, decay time scales and
propagation speeds through the complex empirical orthogonal function (CEOF) analysis on the observed data, which provides
a unique tool to investigate the role of synoptic eddy feedback in the North Atlantic air–sea coupling. Model experiments
show that the NAO-like atmospheric circulation anomalies can produce tripole-like SSTA in the North Atlantic Ocean, and the
tripole-like SSTA can excite a NAO-like dipole with an equivalent barotropic structure in the atmospheric circulation, which
suggests a positive feedback between the NAO and the SSTA tripole. This positive feedback makes the NAO/SSTA tripole-like
mode be the leading mode of the coupled dynamical system. The synoptic eddy feedback plays an essential role in the origin
of the NAO/SSTA tripole-like leading mode and the equivalent barotropic structure in the atmosphere. Without synoptic eddy
feedback, the atmosphere has a baroclinic structure in the response field to the tripole-like SSTA forcing, and the leading
mode of the dynamic system does not resemble NAO/SSTA tripole pattern. 相似文献
14.
Mid-latitude atmospheric responses to heat and vorticity forcing using a linear baroclinic model 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Based on diagnostic analysis of reanalysis data for 58-year, the distribution characteristics of decadal variability in diabatic heating, transient eddy heating and transient eddy vorticity forcing related to the sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies over the North Pacific, as well as their relationship with anomalous atmospheric circulation have been investigated in this paper. A linear baroclinic model(LBM) was used to investigate atmospheric responses to idealized and realistic heat and vorticity forcing anomalies, and then to compare relative roles of different kinds of forcing in terms of geopotential height responses. The results illustrate that the responses of atmospheric height fields to the mid-latitude heating can be either baroclinic or barotropic. The response structure is sensitive to the relative horizontal location of heating with respect to the background jet flow, as well as to the vertical profile of heating. The response to the idealized deep heating over the eastern North Pacific, mimicking the observed heating anomaly, is baroclinic. The atmospheric response to the mid-latitude vorticity forcing is always barotropic, resulting in a geopotential low that is in phase with the forcing. The atmospheric responses to the realistic heat and vorticity forcing show the similar results, suggesting that diabatic heating, transient eddy heating and transient eddy vorticity forcing can all cause atmospheric anomalies and that the vorticity forcing plays a relatively more important role in maintaining the equivalent-barotropic structure of geopotential height anomalies. 相似文献
15.
Based on the viewpoint that the North Atlantic Oscillation(NAO) has an intrinsic timescale of approximate two weeks and can be treated as an initial value problem, targeted observations for improving the prediction of the onset of NAO events are investigated by using the conditional nonlinear optimal perturbation(CNOP) method with a quasigeostrophic model. The results show that flow-dependent sensitive areas for the prediction of NAO onset are mainly located over North Atlantic and its upstream regions. Targeted observations over the main sensitive areas could improve NAO onset prediction in most cases(approximately 75%) due to reduced errors in anomalous eddy vorticity forcing(EVF) projection in the typical NAO mode. Moreover, a flow-independent sensitive area is determined based on the winter climatological flow, which is located over North America and its adjacent ocean. The NAO onset prediction can also be improved by targeted observations over the flow-independent sensitive area, but the skill improvement is somewhat lower than that derived from observations over the flow-dependent sensitive area. The above results indicate that targeted observations over sensitive areas identified by the CNOP method can help to improve the onset prediction of NAO events. 相似文献
16.
The feedback of an arctic polynya, which is a large ice-free zone within the sea ice, on the hemispheric climate is studied with the ECMWF T21 GCM. For this purpose a control and an anomaly integration, in which a polynya was introduced in the Kara Sea, are compared. As the GCM, like the real atmosphere, shows a high level of low frequency variability, the mean response to the changed boundary conditions is obscured by internal noise. The necessary significance analyses are thus performed to enhance the signal-tonoise ratio within the framework of an a priori chosen guess pattern and a multivariate test statistic. The sensible and latent heat fluxes increased above the polynya, which resulted in a warming of the lower troposphere above and near the polynya. No statistically significant local or global sea-level pressure changes are associated with this heating. However we find a significant change of hemispheric extent of the geopotential fields at 300 hPa, if we use as guess patterns the eigenmodes of the barotropic vorticity equation. The different mean flow field is accompanied by significant changes of the synoptic transient eddy field. We find a significant variation in the barotropic and baroclinic forcing of the mean flow by the eddies, a change in the location and intensity of the storm tracks and in the conversion between eddy available and eddy kinetic energy. The additional heat flux from the polynya results in a reduction of the meridional heat flux by the synoptic eddies on the western Atlantic. 相似文献
17.
变形的经向环流变化方程及其在诊断阻塞高压形成中的应用 总被引：5，自引：2，他引：5
本文推导出可以用来讨论大尺度扰动强迫对平均经圈环流作用的变形平均经圈环流变化方程，并利用此方程对北半球冬季4次阻塞高压的形成进行了诊断分析。分析结果表明:由于波动对经圈环流的强迫作用，使高压脊的西部南风加强，而东部北风加强，从而有利于阻塞高压的形成。文中还分别分析了瞬变波及其低频瞬变波部分在阻塞高压形成中对经圈环流的强迫作用，并讨论了低频瞬变波强迫在太平洋和大西洋地区阻塞高压形成的地域差别。 相似文献
18.
Large ensembles of simulations (ensemble size of 500 members) are performed using a simplified atmospheric general circulation model (AGCM) in order to investigate the non-linearities in the response to composite sea surface temperature (SST) anomaly forcings that are constant in time. The SST composite corresponds to the observed anomaly associated with the atmospheric North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO). The integration length is 90 days for each ensemble (covering January, February and March). A non-linearity is found in the mean response to the SST-forcing, with the negative SST-NAO forcing leading to a stronger and more clear atmospheric NAO response. These non-linearities appear to be due to asymmetries in the heating anomalies induced by the SST-forcing and asymmetries in the transient eddy vorticity forcing. Further non-linearities are due to initial period dependences of the response to the same SST-forcing. As a consequence, a pre-existing negative atmospheric NAO is much more persistent due to SST-feedback than a positive NAO. 相似文献
19.
涡旋相关法测定湍流通量偏低的研究 总被引：15，自引：3，他引：12
针对野外实验所发现的不同观测法测定地表能通量不平衡问题,进行了均匀加热大气边界层的大涡模拟实验.用模拟的湍流风、温度和湿度涨落的时间序列证实,对流边界层低频涡普遍存在,并经常以一簇一簇热泡的形式出现.风速较小时,有限时长的取样不足以捕捉低频涡的贡献,可造成涡旋相关法测量的统计量异常偏低.仿照涡旋相关法的步骤进行数据处理发现,经去除平均或趋势计算的温度和湿度通量偏低程度在边界层下部随观测高度的增高而显著,其中尤以湿度通量为甚.其结果在一定程度上可以解释低风速条件下地表能通量测量的不闭合问题,但是尚不能完全解释诸如青藏高原实验出现的严重不闭合.文中对此作了探讨性的讨论. 相似文献
20.
阿留申低压低频变化及其相关的瞬变动力学过程分析 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
利用NCEP/NCAR 1979—2013年的再分析资料,研究了冬季阿留申低压低频变化的环流特征,探讨了阿留申低压低频变化形成和维持的相关天气尺度瞬变强迫机制。冬季阿留申低压的低频变化在850 h Pa环流场上表现为北太平洋海盆区一个异常气旋/异常反气旋在局地强弱变化的过程,即阿留申低压在低频尺度上先异常增强/减弱随后逐渐恢复正常态的演变过程;850 h Pa上大气温度低频变化表现为低频冷中心在西北太平洋建立并逐渐东移的过程。对天气尺度瞬变扰动活动及其强迫的异常进行分析表明,北太平洋海盆区上空的瞬变动力强迫在阿留申低压异常增强的时期为负异常,有利于阿留申低压低频变化异常空间型的形成和维持。由瞬变热力强迫异常引起的温度倾向异常场表现为北太平洋中部以40°N为界南正—北负的空间分布,其南部正异常在一定程度上抑制和削弱了低频冷中心向南的扩张。 相似文献