共查询到18条相似文献，搜索用时 200 毫秒
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在重力异常分离中,频率域滤波分离方法是以全局数据频谱特征设计针对性的滤波器实现的.滤波器参数与空间位置无关,因此无法针对局部数据频谱特征动态调整滤波器参数.针对该局限性,在小波域滤波理论和优化滤波方法的基础上,本文研究提出了小波域优化位变滤波法,该方法具有空间变化滤波能力,在不同空间位置实现不同的滤波器特性,从而能实现局部数据频谱与全局数据频谱存在较大差异的重力异常分离问题.理论模型数据分离实验结果表明,在局部数据频谱与全局数据频谱差异较大的情况下,该方法相对于Butterworth滤波和优化滤波等方法具有优势.最后,用一个实例进行检验计算,体现了所提方法技术的效果和应用前景. 相似文献
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地球物理信号中普遍含有噪声，消除噪声是地球物理信号处理中的关键技术之一.奇异功率谱分析（SSA）是在状态空间（又称相空间）中研究（系统）动力学、非线性科学与混沌现象的方法.本文在状态空间中通过SSA分解，研究、应用地球物理序列的尺度不变性进行多维分形滤波：通过在状态空间的SSA分解，构造了经验正交函数系（EOF）；在EOF子空间中定义了两种尺度与测度后，发现了两种测度与尺度皆在多个尺度范围内存在尺度不变性；利用这种尺度~测度的尺度不变性，设计、实现了多维分形奇异功率谱(MSSA)滤波模型；处理解释了大洋钻探（ODP）1143A孔岩芯自然反射性（NGR）资料；Fourier功率谱分析结果证明，MSSA能有效地压制噪声，提取有用信号.研究得出，嵌入维数对MSSA基本无影响（小于1/1000），多维分形滤波器（MSSA）能有效压制噪声或提取有用信号. 相似文献
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地球物理信号中普遍含有噪声，消除噪声是地球物理信号处理中的关键技术之一.奇异功率谱分析（SSA）是在状态空间（又称相空间）中研究（系统）动力学、非线性科学与混沌现象的方法.本文在状态空间中通过SSA分解，研究、应用地球物理序列的尺度不变性进行多维分形滤波：通过在状态空间的SSA分解，构造了经验正交函数系（EOF）；在EOF子空间中定义了两种尺度与测度后，发现了两种测度与尺度皆在多个尺度范围内存在尺度不变性；利用这种尺度~测度的尺度不变性，设计、实现了多维分形奇异功率谱(MSSA)滤波模型；处理解释了大洋钻探（ODP）1143A孔岩芯自然反射性（NGR）资料；Fourier功率谱分析结果证明，MSSA能有效地压制噪声，提取有用信号.研究得出，嵌入维数对MSSA基本无影响（小于1/1000），多维分形滤波器（MSSA）能有效压制噪声或提取有用信号. 相似文献
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基于小波变换的低剂量CT投影数据滤波方法研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
本文根据低剂量CT投影数据的噪声特性,提出了一种基于小波变换的低剂量CT投影数据三维块匹配(BM3D)滤波方法.新方法首先对经过Anscombe变换的低剂量CT投影数据进行小波分解,然后分别对分解后尺度系数和小波系数进行BM3D滤波,接着对滤波后的系数进行逆小波变换和Anscombe逆变换,最后对处理后的投影数据采用经... 相似文献
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GOCE卫星重力测量中有色噪声滤波器设计 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
本文根据卫星重力梯度测量的有色噪声特性,设计了Wiener、AR、FIR三种滤波器,并利用模拟的有色噪声数据对其滤波效果进行了测试,结果表明:对于文中采用的有色噪声数据,AR的滤波效果最好,其次为Wiener滤波器,FIR的滤波效果最差;三种滤波器均可用于GOCE卫星重力测量中有色噪声数据滤波,但其实用性尚需利用实测数据进行检验;可以利用不同的滤波器对含有色噪声的卫星重力梯度数据进行多次滤波,以进一步减弱有色噪声对卫星重力梯度测量精度的影响. 相似文献
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高斯滤波在处理GRACE数据中的模拟研究：西藏拉萨的重力变化率 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
本文利用重力卫星GRACE数据计算了青藏高原的空间重力分布,以及用不同高斯滤波半径得到的拉萨重力变化率.结果显示重力变化率的估算依赖于高斯滤波器空间半径的大小.由GRACE得到的重力变化速率同地表面绝对重力测量得到的值吻合很好,即当滤波器空间半径趋近0时,GRACE估算的重力变化率趋于地表面测量值.接下来对于地面信号应用不同高斯滤波器空间半径进行了数值模拟计算.结果显示一个物理信号的估算依赖于滤波半径,如果计算区域等于或小于质量分布区域,尤其是均匀分布的质量,不管使用什么样的滤波半径,都给出一个相当准确的结果.如果计算区域大于质量分布区域,由于截断引起的信号泄漏,计算会有很大的误差.如果质量异常很小,除非滤波半径十分小,否则很难从空间观测辨别它.如果计算区域在质量分布区域之外,计算结果几乎为0,尤其对较小的滤波半径.高斯滤波器的这些性质在应用GRACE数据中具有重要意义.我们进一步讨论了引起拉萨重力变化的物质来源,表明拉萨重力变化率不是由当前冰川融化（PDIM）（或者小冰期,LIA）效应引起的,因为在拉萨及其周边没有冰川融化发生.重力变化率主要归因于与印度板块碰撞有关的构造变形,而发生的地表位移、地表剥蚀和GIA作用是不容忽视的. 相似文献
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《应用地球物理》2017,(4)
全张量重力梯度(FTG)数据包含大量场源体的细节信息,其滤波处理对异常的反演和解释结果有重要影响,本文提出一种基于平移不变量小波的自适应混合阈值滤波方法,可有效压制随机噪声并保留数据细节信息。建立了新的混合阈值法,根据信号和随机噪声所对应小波系数的能量分布进行滤波。平移不变量小波能有效压制伪吉布斯现象,混合阈值方法相对传统阈值能得到更好的信噪小波系数的分离,同时,根据每个分解尺度上小波系数的统计特性,使用自适应贝叶斯阈值进行小波系数的处理。此外,应用二维离散小波变换直接处理网格数据,可以提高计算效率。模型数据和实测数据处理的结果表明,相对高斯滤波器,本文所提出的方法不仅能有效去除高斯白噪声,还能更好地保留FTG数据的高频细节信息,具有良好的实际应用前景。 相似文献
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Some of the methods such as regional removal and second derivative calculations which can be used to outline anomalies on potential data maps can be thought of as a filtering operation. The analysis and design of such two-dimensional filters by means of direct and inverse two-dimensional Fourier transforms have been considered. An analysis of several published sets of second derivative coefficient sets indicates that, in general, they are not a good approximation to the theoretical second derivative filter. Alternate methods of designing regional removal and second derivative filters are discussed. The properties of various two-dimensional filters are further illustrated by means of maps obtained from the convolution of several of these filters with a set of observed field data. These maps show the large changes in anomaly shape which can result from the inclusion or rejection of various wavelength components. 相似文献
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航空重力测量受到各种各样的高频噪声干扰,因此,低通滤波是提取重力信号的重要环节,其关键在于设计性能优越的低通滤波器.目前航空重力测量中常用FIR（Finite Impulse Response）低通滤波方法存在明显的滤波边缘效应,导致不得不舍弃边缘部分数据.针对这一问题,本文引入一种可以有效抑制边缘效应的新方法——傅里叶基追踪低通滤波方法（Fourier Basis Pursuit Low Pass Filter,FBPLPF）.该方法通过基追踪准则,选择全局优化,采用凸优化中的内点算法,将低频信号挤压在低频上,实现低频信号与高频信号的有效分离,能够有效减少有限时间序列造成的谱污染和谱泄漏.最后利用仿真实验和实测数据对该方法进行了验证,均方根误差（RMS）东西测线为0.7×10-5 m·s-2,南北测线为1.4×10-5 m·s-2,与FIR低通滤波方法舍弃边缘数据后统计的均方根误差相当.表明该方法可以不舍弃或者舍弃少量边缘数据,提高航空重力数据的利用率. 相似文献
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I. Marson 《Geophysical Prospecting》2012,60(2):361-372
We report here the results obtained during a feasibility study that was pursued in order to evaluate the performances of absolute airborne gravimetry. In contrast to relative systems, which use spring‐type gravimeters, each measurement acquired by absolute systems is independent from the others and the instrument is not suffering from problems like instrumental drift, frequency response of the spring and variation of the calibration factor. After a validation of the dynamic performance of the experimental setup in a moving truck, a comparison between the experimental airborne data retrieved over the Swiss Alps and those obtained by ground upward continuation at flight altitude allow us to state that airborne absolute gravimetry is feasible. The first test flight shows a spatial resolution comparable to those obtained by relative airborne gravimetry. For a wavelength on the order of 12 km the absolute value of gravity can be evaluated with an uncertainty of 6.9 mGal. 相似文献
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For a linear elastic Earth the time derivative of the ground force is considered proportional to the far-field wavelet. Under the assumption that the baseplate is stiff and the bending forces of the baseplate are negligible, the ground force is also approximated by the sum of the accelerations of the baseplate and the reaction mass weighted by the respective masses. Combining these two assumptions, the time derivative of the weighted sum is considered proportional to the far-field wavelet. This result, often referred to as the far-field wavelet assumption, although convenient and most often employed is not always valid. We explore its validity using the spectral harmonic ratios of recorded data, which are used extensively in data filtering and analysis of vibratory data. We show that the far-field wavelet assumption fails particularly for harmonic components of even order. More compact soil after repeated shots further invalidates this assumption. Non-linear modelling of the ground under the vibrator point may provide a direction towards solving this discrepancy. Finally, we describe a method for the estimation of the harmonic spectral ratios. 相似文献
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Optimal Model for Geoid Determination from Airborne Gravity 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Two different approaches for transformation of airborne gravity disturbances, derived from gravity observations at low-elevation flying platforms, into geoidal undulations are formulated, tested and discussed in this contribution. Their mathematical models are based on Green's integral equations. They are in these two approaches defined at two different levels and also applied in a mutually reversed order. While one of these approaches corresponds to the classical method commonly applied in processing of ground gravity data, the other approach represents a new method for processing of gravity data in geoid determination that is unique to airborne gravimetry. Although theoretically equivalent in the continuous sense, both approaches are tested numerically for possible numerical advantages, especially due to the inverse of discretized Fredholm's integral equation of the first kind applied on different data. High-frequency synthetic gravity data burdened by the 2-mGal random noise, that are expected from current airborne gravity systems, are used for numerical testing. The results show that both approaches can deliver for the given data a comparable cm-level accuracy of the geoidal undulations. The new approach has, however, significantly higher computational efficiency. It would be thus recommended for real life geoid computations. Additional errors related to regularization of gravity data and the geoid, and to accuracy of the reference field, that would further deteriorate the quality of estimated geoidal undulations, are not considered in this study. 相似文献
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Spectral factorization is a computational procedure for constructing minimum-phase (stable inverse) filters required for recursive inverse filtering. We present a novel method of spectral factorization. The method iteratively constructs an approximation of the minimum-phase filter with the given autocorrelation by repeated forward and inverse filtering and rearranging of the terms. This procedure is especially efficient in the multidimensional case, where the inverse recursive filtering is enabled by the helix transform. To exemplify a practical application of the proposed method, we consider the problem of smooth two-dimensional data regularization. Splines in tension are smooth interpolation surfaces whose behaviour in unconstrained regions is controlled by the tension parameter. We show that such surfaces can be efficiently constructed with recursive filter preconditioning and we introduce a family of corresponding two-dimensional minimum-phase filters. The filters are created by spectral factorization on a helix. 相似文献
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Decorrugation and removal of directional trends of magnetic fields by the wavelet transform: application to archaeological areas 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
The problem of removing directional trends frequently occurs in the processing of magnetic data and also in the subsequent steps of data interpretation. The so-called corrugations are typical directional trends occurring in levelled data, which may be removed in several ways. Classical techniques are based on high-pass filtering of the data and successively filtering these transformed data with directional cosine filters. Other linear features are due to real sources, such as pipelines in shallow surveys or dike swarms in regional surveys. They should, nevertheless, be considered as noise, due to the fact that their effect is strong and tends to hide the field features related to structures of more interest. We deal with both kinds of problem, presenting the results of a study in an archaeological area of southern Italy. Decorrugation of magnetic field anomalies is performed using a method based on the excellent space–frequency localization properties of wavelet bases, allowing a very sharp filtering of the field along a selected direction. We compare this technique with the classical one in a synthetic case and find that the wavelet decorrugation is simpler and produces low distortion maps. Besides the field decorrugation, the wavelet approach was also shown to be useful in the subsequent enhancement of the measured field. In fact, we show that the wavelet analysis offers a unique framework where various filtering problems (directional, isotropic, global or local as well) may be easily solved. As regards the archaeological case, strong noisy effects from elongated sources (pipelines) were successfully removed in a sharp and local way. 相似文献