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承压含水层的荷载效应和井孔水位的气压效应 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
本文在充分考虑承压含水层的弹性和渗透性的基础上,重点讨论了承压含水层的荷载效应和井孔水位的气压效应。首先以大面积荷载为例,分析了封闭状态下含水层的荷载效应,得出了荷载强度σv及其所诱导的孔隙压力P之间的关系,即P=rσv,r是一个与含水介质力学性质有关的小于1的常数,称为荷载系数。以此为基础,在静态的假设条件下,分析了井孔水位的气压效应,得到了气压系数的表达式以及荷载系数与气压系数之间的互补关系。在动态条件下,以三种不同的气压过程为例,讨论了动态气压系数与含水层导水性能、井孔结构和气压变化频率之间的关系。结果表明:(1)动态气压系数与时间或被动频率有关,当时间很长或气压波动频率很低时,动态气压系数趋近于静态气压系数;(2)动态气压系数与含水层的导水系数成正比,与井孔半径和气压波动频率成反比;(3)动态气压系数一般小于静态气压系数。 相似文献
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气压作用下, 井-含水层系统中地下水流是一类流体力学问题。 本文应用井壁水流通量边界条件和气压作用下井壁内外水(孔)压平衡条件, 提出了一个井水位随气压变化的解析公式。 解析式表明, 气压系数随时段长度增加而增大, 并趋于气压常数; 气压系数随时段长度的变化只依赖于导水系数与井半径平方的比值(T/r2w), 而与气压变化过程无关; 气压常数只与含水层的一维荷载效率(B)有关, 而与导水系数和井半径无关。 解析解所反映的气压系数与时段长度的关系, 与南溪井实测序列数据分析结果具有很好的一致性。 根据气压系数随时段长度变化过程, 提出了一个参数估计方法, 应用于估计南溪井含水层气压常数和导水系数, 并对本文提出的参数估计方法进行了讨论。 相似文献
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从宁波水文地质监测井网中遴选了北仑井和慈溪井进行水位和水温试验性观测,分析计算水位的气压效率、降雨载荷效应和潮汐因子,并与同处于宁波盆地映震效果较好的庄市井的相应参数进行对比。结果表明：（1）3口水井的水位变化在时间上和空间上均有很好的相关性,水位异常动态与其影响因素之间存在很好的成因上的关联;（2）慈溪井的降雨载荷系数比庄市井和北仑井的大约小一个量级,这可能与慈溪井位于1960年代围海造田的滩涂地有关;（3）水井网均位于含有多个含水层的宁波盆地,为在同一构造中开展不同含水层观测和基础研究提供了可能,可以从井网中遴选出合格的地震前兆监测井,用于建设宁波盆地地震前兆流体台阵。 相似文献
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利用水位、 气压和理论固体潮数据, 采用卷积回归法中水位对气压的阶跃响应函数, 定量地分析和判定了华北北部板桥井、 大灰厂井、 黄骅井、 大甸子井、 丰镇井和三号地井的井-含水层系统的地下水类型, 并结合研究时段内各井的气压系数和M2波潮汐因子的结果进行了对比分析． 结果表明: ① 各井的滞后时间与阶跃响应函数之间存在明显的以e为底的指数函数关系, 且底数e的系数的正负决定了井-含水层系统的地下水类型; ② 承压井的阶跃响应函数随滞后时间的增大而增大, 且最佳阶跃响应函数值越大, 相应的气压系数和M2波潮汐因子也越大, 反之亦然; ③ 潜水井和半承压水井的阶跃响应函数随滞后时间的增大而减小, 其最佳阶跃响应函数与气压系数和M2波潮汐因子间的关系不明显, 可能与含水层的水力特性、 井孔结构及固体潮汐波的频率有关． 相似文献
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基于流体及岩石力学理论,利用气压和潮汐效应,研究了苏皖地区苏02井、苏03井、苏06井、苏18井和定远04井含水层介质在不排水状态下孔隙度和渗透系数的变化情况.结合井-含水层系统在受力和水均衡两种状态下的微动态变化模型,分析了各井水位自2014年下半年以来相继出现同步上升现象的水动力学成因机制.结果表明:① 5口井的气压系数与M2波潮汐因子之间存在明显的线性关系,即气压系数越大,潮汐因子也越大;②各井的孔隙度和渗透系数出现一组同步增大现象,主要与补给量大于泄流量、补给增强有关. 相似文献
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地壳应变场常用钻孔体应变仪进行测量,而周期为几分钟到几小时的短周期气压波是影响体应变仪工作的一种长期因素.本文以Evertson等人推导的体应变短周期气压干扰模型为基础,从理论上进一步探讨了体应变气压影响系数与气压周期、岩石弹性参数和井孔深度的关系及变化规律.由于体应变观测井孔存在耦合效应,又建立了大气压垂直载荷作用下观测井孔耦合系数计算方程,比较了在多重因素作用下体应变气压影响系数理论观测值与无孔岩石真实值之间的差异,并与涞水、顺义、东三旗和昌平台的Sacks体应变实际观测资料进行了比对分析.这对地震前兆微动态信息背景场的探索具有实际意义. 相似文献
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井孔响应试验通常指重锤试验,即测量井中水位突然变化时引起的井孔—含水层系统的强迫—自由振动响应。在许多情况下,它能可靠地确定含水层导水系数和其它特性。根据理论计算,该试验法影响范围一般可达100m。井孔—含水层系统的响应特性可分为三类:过阻尼振荡,临介阻尼振荡和欠阻尼振荡。 我们使用数值拉普拉斯变换方法,应用Cooper有关瞬时取水过阻尼响应的理论,计算出给定井孔—含水层系统模型对瞬间取水响应的理论曲线,然后将实际观测曲线与理论曲线对比,就能求出含水层的导水系数和弹性贮水系数。文中列出的三口测井用重锤试验求出的导水系数与抽水试验结果对比发现,数值相差较大,可能是由于实际含水层并非理想模型,或是给出的含水层厚度误差较大,致使计算结果误差较大。据Van der kamp有关欠阻尼响应的理论,计算出井孔—含水层系统的振动特性和响应能力,如角频率、阻尼系数和导水系数等。 井孔响应试验的显著特点是经济,简便,很多井的试验在数分钟之内即可完成。 相似文献
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The Lisse effect revisited 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
Weeks EP 《Ground water》2002,40(6):652-656
The Lisse effect is a rarely noted phenomenon occurring when infiltration caused by intense rain seals the surface soil layer to airflow, trapping air in the unsaturated zone. Compression of air by the advancing front results in a pressure increase that produces a water-level rise in an observation well screened below the water table that is several times as large as the distance penetrated by the wetting front. The effect is triggered by intense rains and results in a very rapid water-level rise, followed by a recession lasting a few days. The Lisse effect was first noted and explained by Thal Larsen in 1932 from water-level observations obtained in a shallow well in the village of Lisse, Holland. The original explanation does not account for the increased air pressure pushing up on the bottom of the wetting front. Analysis of the effect of this upward pressure indicates that a negative pressure head at the base of the wetting front, psi(f), analogous to that postulated by Green and Ampt (1911) to explain initially rapid infiltration rates into unsaturated soils, is involved in producing the Lisse effect. Analysis of recorded observations of the Lisse effect by Larsen and others indicates that the water-level rise, which typically ranges from 0.10 to 0.55 m, should be only slightly larger than psi(f) and that the depth of penetration of the wetting front is no more than several millimeters. 相似文献
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井水位的“记忆”滞后效应 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
观测资料表明,井水位对信息响应存在的“记忆”滞后现象,它与一般的位相滞后不同,在鲁２９井现场试验也证明了井水位对井吕空气压力变化的响应存在的“记忆”滞后现象。利用水平层状承压含水层模式,从理论上解释了井水位对井口空气压力变化响应“记忆”滞后现象,认为这种现象与水井含水层的导水系数有关,含水层导不系数越小,这种现象越明显,用一般多元回归方法无法较好地扣除井水位中“记忆”滞后影响,作给出了一种可以扣 相似文献
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深井水位对固体潮和气压的响应 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
本文以体应变固体潮对深井水位影响的偏微分方程为基础，考虑到含水层与井孔之间相互渗流的边界条件，用叠加原理、冲量定理的分离变量等方法得出了方程的解。把水井含水层的参量给予一些可能的值，通过数值计算讨论了水井固体潮系数、位相滞后和含水层参数之间的关系，解释了井水位对固体潮响应的位相滞后现象。结果表明，井孔的半径、含水层的孔隙度及固体骨架的体压缩系数愈大，含水层的导水系数愈小，则水井水位的固体潮系数愈小 相似文献
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本文从体应变固体潮对深井水位影响的偏微分方程出发,考虑到含水层和井孔之间相互渗流的边界条件,用叠加原理、冲量定理和分离变量法等方法得出了方程的解.通过对这个解中水井含水层参数给予一些可能的值进行数值计算,讨论了水井固体潮系数和位相滞后与水井含水层参数间的关系,较好地解释了井水位对固体潮响应的位相滞后现象.计算表明,井孔的半径、含水层的孔隙度及固体骨架的体压缩系数愈大,含水的导水系数愈小,则水井水位的固体潮系数愈小,而水位对固体潮响应的位相滞后愈大.井水对长周期的潮汐响应比对短周期的更好. 相似文献
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用新的分层承压含水层模式 ,不但考虑含水层的力学压缩性质 ,而且考虑含水层的渗流特性 ,并结合扰动信息源的频率特性 ,分别研究扰动源地球固体潮、大气潮和地表负荷潮对承压井水位和流量的影响机理 ,给出相应的偏微分方程。从方程的解释或数值解讨论扰动源与承压井含水层的力学压缩参数、渗流特性参数及与频率特性频数的关系 ,进而给出承压井水位和流量对地球固体潮、大气潮和地表负荷潮汐响应的统一数学方程及其潮汐响应函数 ,并揭示了上述几类潮汐扰动信息源对承压井水位和流量影响的物理机理 相似文献
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David F. Boutt 《Ground water》2010,48(4):580-592
Short-term changes in the hydraulic head of surface water bodies are known to influence the shallow response of hydraulically connected groundwaters. Associated with these fluctuations is the physical increase in stream water creating a mechanical load on the ground surface. This load is supported by the geologic materials (sediment or rock) and the pore fluid contained within the pores. Changes in this surface load have a direct effect on the total stress of the aquifer causing either a change in effective stress or fluid pressure. This response, predicted by the framework of linear poroelasticity, is a well-understood phenomenon in geologic materials. Currently, field measurements of the hydraulic response (i.e., fluid pressure) of aquifer materials are undergoing poroelastic loading due to dam releases in the Deerfield River Watershed in Massachusetts. An increase in stream stage from upstream dam releases causes an instantaneous pore fluid pressure increase at multiple depths and locations in the aquifer. This increase lasts anywhere from 15 to 40 minutes depending on the magnitude of the rise in the stream stage. Pore-pressure changes are well correlated to stream stage fluctuations for all of the recorded events. Poroelastic models created using basin stratigraphy and hydraulic properties of the aquifer response match the field observations well. Model results suggest that the overall stratigraphy is important in controlling the magnitude and duration of the poroelastic response. An improved understanding of responses such as these can be used to constrain uncertainties in model calibration and simulations of the contaminant migration in low permeability fine-grained (compressive) materials. 相似文献
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本文选择沿华蓥山断裂带分布的荣昌等4口观测井,利用Baytap-G潮汐分析方法,计算各井水位和气压及理论固体潮的潮汐振幅谱,比较其潮汐频谱差异,通过对主要潮汐分波振幅的回归计算定量分析各井水位受气压潮和固体潮影响的大小。基于对井水位正常动态的认识,选择各井水位潮汐的主要分波,对井水位长时序数据进行分析计算,提取水位潮汐响应特征参数(振幅比和相位差),进而探讨特征参数动态变化特征。最后对井水位受气压潮和固体潮影响的差异原因进行了初步探讨。结果表明,荣昌井水位主要受气压作用的影响,北碚、大足、南溪三口井水位受固体潮-气压潮综合作用的影响,而荣昌井水位只受气压潮影响可能与该井所处含水层裂隙发育且该井未下设止水套管有关;荣昌井P_1S_1K_1波和南溪井M_2波振幅比和相位差在几次大震后没有明显变化,说明地震波没有使井孔与含水层之间的水流交换发生显著变化,而北碚井和大足井M_2波振幅比和相位差分别在汶川和芦山地震时发生变化,反映了地震波的疏通影响。 相似文献
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Models that simulate the signature of single airguns form the basis for modelingthe signals of airgun arrays. Most of the existing models assume that the air inside theproduced bubble is ideal gas, which may lead to errors because of the high operating pressureof the airguns. In this study, we propose a model that precisely simulates the signals of singleairguns by applying the Van der Waals equation based on the Ziolkowski algorithm. We alsoconsider a thermodynamically open quasistatic system, the heat transition between waterand gas, the throttling effect of the port and the bubble rise, and the effect of the sea surface.Modeling experiments show that （1） the energy of the source increases and the signal-to-noise ratio of the signature wavelet decreases with increasing seawater temperature, （2） thereflection coefficient of the sea surface under the actual state and depth of the source affectsthe notch caused by the surface reflection, （3） the computed signature with the proposedmodel is very close to the actual data, and （4） the proposed model accurately simulates thesignature of sinale air~uns. 相似文献
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Hydrogeological parameter is an important index to characterize the hydrogeological properties of the aquifer, and has a clear physical basis and mechanism. Although the predecessors have made significant achievements in these areas, research is lacking on the changing law and relationship of the hydrogeological parameters of well-aquifer system. The digital water level and barometric pressure data of Dadianzi Well are used as the basis in this study. Based on the theories of elastic mechanics, rock mechanics and fluid mechanics, and using barometric pressure coefficient and tidal factor, the hydrogeological parameters in Dadianzi well-aquifer system in undrained conditions are studied. The corresponding water storage rate can also be obtained quantitatively. In addition, with the thickness of the aquifer, the pressure transmitting coefficient, the radius of the well and the frequency of the tidal wave, the permeability coefficient and transmissibility coefficient of well-aquifer system can be obtained, and the relationships between them are derived. The results show that: 1)There is an obvious power function relationship between porosity and solid skeleton volume compression coefficient, volume compression coefficient of water in aquifer, water storage rate, permeability coefficient and transmissibility coefficient. The volume compression coefficient of solid skeleton, water storage rate, permeability coefficient and transmissibility coefficient have a positive correlation with the porosity, the volume compression coefficient of water in aquifer decreases with increasing porosity. The volume compression coefficient of solid skeleton and water in aquifer can be well fitted to one of two quadratic polynomials. And the volume compression coefficient of water in aquifer is larger than the solid skeleton volume compression coefficient, water is more easily compressed. In addition, with the increase of water storage rate, the permeability coefficient and transmissibility coefficient also increase linearly; 2)Different from the traditional pumping test and indoor experiment, this paper uses the digital water level and other data, combined with the pressure coefficient and Venedikov tidal harmonic analysis results to access to the porosity, the volume compression coefficient of solid skeleton and water in aquifer medium, water storage rate, the permeability coefficient and the transmissibility coefficient. This method is simple and accurate. 相似文献