共查询到18条相似文献，搜索用时 250 毫秒
1.
为实现海底宏渗漏气体连续调查，提出了一种走航式海洋电阻率探测技术。根据前人原位观测资料和含气水体电阻率特征构建地电模型；采用数值模拟和室内试验方法获得不同参数电阻率映像剖面，分析确定探测剖面异常特征，评价探测效果。在此基础上进一步进行了探测系统设计和实验测试。研究结果表明，走航式海洋电法探测电缆可由2个供电电流极和8个电位测量极组成，电位极距需小于0.05 m；测量可采用偶极装置通过并行采集方式实现。气体分布区表现为高阻异常，异常模式由走航速度、排列长度和气体分布区横向宽度共同决定，可分为7种情形；探测电阻率极大值和气体喷出流速存在正相关指数关系。该技术可实现气体分布范围和喷出速率快速探测。 相似文献
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海底承压含水层排泄是海底地下水排泄的一种主要形式。由于这一过程发生在海水层下部，探测难度较大。为探讨海洋多电极电阻率法对该过程的探测能力，根据典型海底承压含水层地质模型构建不同排泄阶段地电模型，模拟海面和海床面两种探测情形分别进行多电极电阻率法理论探测结果计算和物理模拟，并对所得电阻率剖面进行对比分析。研究结果表明，水面多电极电阻率探测剖面能够清晰刻画出排泄入海的淡水体在海水中迁移、混合过程，但剖面异常特征和分辨率受探测装置形式、电极极距、海水深度影响；海床面探测则对沉积层中咸淡水交换过程反映能力更强，沉积层中的锲形海水侵入体可得到良好反映。 相似文献
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《中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版)》2020,(Z1)
应用高密度电阻率法(ERT)能够快速、实时探测非水相液体(NAPLs)污染区,但污染发生后不同时间段的NAPLs污染区在土壤中呈现不同的演化特征。为了解ERT调查剖面中NAPLs污染区自泄漏至形成污染羽全过程的异常区变化特征,本文归纳总结污染过程NAPLs饱和度和电阻率变化特点,构建不同演化阶段NAPLs污染区地质及电阻率模型,计算得到不同装置形式的电阻率理论探测剖面;通过对比分析,判断污染区不同演化阶段在ERT剖面中相应的异常特征。结果显示,污染物侵入量较少时,存在于非饱和带中的LNAPLs污染区在电阻率剖面中形成低电阻率异常区,随着污染物的积累,污染区转变为高电阻率异常区,且污染范围逐渐向下扩展。DNAPLs污染区在非饱和带中的电阻率变化特征与LNAPLs污染区具有一定相似性。在饱和带中,污染区表现为高电阻率异常,随着污染物向隔水底板迁移及饱和度的降低,污染区的高电阻率异常特征减弱。ERT剖面中难以识别饱和度低于0.10的污染区。施龙贝格装置水平方向分辨率较高,而偶极装置垂向分辨率较高,这为实地探测中不同范围的高、低电阻率异常区的解译以及不同污染区探测时采集装置的选择提供了参考。 相似文献
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为实现天然气水合物开采过程中水合物层分解状态实时监测,基于静电场理论和监测井布设特点设计了一套电极阵列式井中电学监系统。以南海神狐海域天然气水合物远景开采区为研究区,总结归纳水合物开采过程储层分解和电阻率变化特点,构建不同开采阶段储层地质及电阻率模型,模拟利用设计系统对水合物层进行探测,正演计算得到不同装置形式探测电阻率剖面图像,随后对图像进行对比分析,界定该系统对水合物层分解状态的探测能力。研究结果表明,利用偶极装置探测的电阻率和相对电阻率剖面可准确确定不同饱和度水合物层界面位置,水合物分解区范围,分解区边界定位误差可小于0.5m。井中阵列式电学监测系统能够有效进行水合物层分解状态监测,具有良好的应用前景。 相似文献
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为分析海面走航式海洋电阻率探测技术对浅水条件下海底浅层气的探测能力,以舟山火山列岛海域浅层气分布区为研究区,根据电测井资料分别构建不同埋深和尺寸的气层、气囊地电模型进行正、反演计算,并对计算结果进行对比分析。计算结果显示,海面走航式电法探测剖面在一定条件下能够有效区分出浅层气的赋存形式,基于实测数据二次处理的电阻率变化比剖面能够有效反映层状浅层气的赋存状态及厚度、气囊尺寸的变化;当含气土与非含气土的电阻率变化比与含气层厚度值的1.2%相近时,其对应的等值线能够与含气区域良好吻合,可以有效判定含气区的底界埋深。 相似文献
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海底天然气渗漏是海洋环境中广泛分布的自然现象,在世界各大洋中都有发现。海底渗漏的气体赋存于浅部地层,可以改变近表层沉积物的物理性质,使其在声学剖面上得以反映。通过对南海北部陆坡某海域研究区浅地层剖面和地震数据分析,在浅地层剖面上发现了声空白、声混浊、增强反射层、速度下拉等特征,在地震剖面上则识别出气烟囱或泥底辟、亮点、速度下拉、增强反射层等特征。以似海底反射层（BSR）作为地震剖面上明显的含气层标志,划分了2套含气系统。通过浅地层剖面与地震剖面联合解释认为,BSR之下气烟囱／泥底辟的发育导致了亮点、速度下拉、增强反射层等声学特征的发生,BSR之上水合物层的存在则可能起到封堵天然气而使其发生侧向运移的作用,在气体封堵相对薄弱的位置,天然气向上运移形成声空白、声混浊、增强反射层、速度下拉等特征。以声空白代表的天然气聚集带可能成为块状水合物的发育场所,可能成为较有潜力的勘探目标。 相似文献
7.
垃圾场填埋气近年来被开发为一种生物能资源,但开采过程填埋气的泄漏也会带来爆炸、加剧温室效应等环境问题。实时监测填埋气泄漏过程对合理开采填埋气资源具有重要意义。本文基于电阻率法对封场系统中填埋气的逸出过程进行监测实验,探究电阻率法对于该过程的监测能力。实验结果表明,高密度电阻率方法对填埋气泄漏均具有较好的定性监测能力。气体泄漏区域在电阻率监测剖面中表现为高电阻率变化比区域,并且泄漏量可以根据电阻率变化幅度定性表征,该方法可大致确定气体泄漏通道位置及气体泄漏范围。电阻率法易受降雨等外界条件的影响且对含气区域的边界界定不明显,应选择适宜的天气条件进行监测,为得到更精确的结果,可与土壤剖面气体采集探针相结合。 相似文献
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《海洋地质与第四纪地质》2010,(6)
海底油气渗漏是海洋环境中广泛存在的自然现象,探测海底油气渗漏信息对海洋油气资源勘探与开发具有重要意义。目前,通过海底浅表层声学探测所获取的声学微地貌与剖面反射特征是油气渗漏研究的主要证据。对海底油气渗漏的形成环境、浅表层声学技术在渗漏探测中的发展与现状、渗漏产生的地貌形态与浅地层反射剖面特征等进行了系统讨论与分析。结合国内外应用实例,对不同海区声学探测方法、参数选择以及渗漏特征进行了归纳总结,指出应综合多种资料进行渗漏异常分析,并发展有针对性的数据处理方法。 相似文献
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在系统收集和分析南海海底冷泉资料基础上,应用浅剖和多波束水体影像技术识别海底冷泉,结合地质条件综合研究南海冷泉分布特征,进而分析探讨其油气地质意义。研究结果表明,南海冷泉分布广泛,神狐、东沙西南部、东沙东北部、琼东南、西沙海槽、南沙南部和越南沿岸等海域均发现冷泉,冷泉分布水深为200~3 000m。海底冷泉与深部油气乃至浅层天然气水合物资源有着密切的成因联系。冷泉及其伴生物(冷泉碳酸盐岩)的探测与识别对海洋油气勘探,尤其是天然气水合物勘查的指示作用明显。浅剖和多波束水体影像技术不仅可以探测和识别冷泉,而且两者结合可实现低成本、高效率的海底地质异常体(冷泉碳酸盐岩、泥底辟及气烟囱等)的声学异常探测,极大地提高了海洋油气勘探及天然气水合物勘查的成功率。 相似文献
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Gas bydrate is a form of natural gas and water,similar to ice-like solids,mainly in low-temperature occurrence in the context of high voltage submarine and terrestrial and terrestrial sediments permafrost zone.Since 1970s marine lil and gas exploration in the course of a certain depth of the seabed found that the stability of gas hydrate layer and collected samples in kind,its social concem will be on the increase. Landslide Harbor is a major cause of the destructive consequences of the marine geological disaters.In recent years,researchers continue to find that as the undersea gas hydrate decomposition led to the seabed to reduce the stability of rocks,the seabed is a major reason for the decline. The research on submarine landslide,related with natural gas Hydrate is the study of a new direction. This paper analyzes the gas hydrate formation and decomposition fo the seabed sediment. Fron the mechanical aspects of the mechanism,it analyzes of the decomposition of gas hydrate deposits related to property caused by the impact of changes in the landslide,and look to the future hydrate research. 相似文献
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《Marine and Petroleum Geology》2012,35(1):85-95
Through the use of 3-D seismic amplitude mapping, several gas hydrate prospects were identified in the Alaminos Canyon (AC) area of the Gulf of Mexico. Two locations were drilled as part of the Gulf of Mexico Gas Hydrate Joint Industry Project Leg II (JIP Leg II) in May of 2009 and a comprehensive set of logging-while-drilling (LWD) logs were acquired at each well site. LWD logs indicated that resistivity in the range of ∼2 ohm-m and P-wave velocity in the range of ∼1.9 km/s were measured in the target sand interval between 515 and 645 feet below sea floor. These values were slightly elevated relative to those measured in the sediment above and below the target sand. However, the initial well log analysis was inconclusive regarding the presence of gas hydrate in the logged sand interval, mainly because large washouts caused by drilling in the target interval degraded confidence in the well log measurements. To assess gas hydrate saturations in the sedimentary section drilled in the Alaminos Canyon 21 B (AC21-B) well, a method of compensating for the effect of washouts on the resistivity and acoustic velocities was developed. The proposed method models the washed-out portion of the borehole as a vertical layer filled with sea water (drilling fluid) and the apparent anisotropic resistivity and velocities caused by a vertical layer are used to correct the measured log values. By incorporating the conventional marine seismic data into the well log analysis, the average gas hydrate saturation in the target sand section in the AC21-B well can be constrained to the range of 8–28%, with 20% being our best estimate. 相似文献
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In order to gain insight into the formation dynamics of mudbanks off the Kerala coast of India, extensive surveying of the nearshore bathymetry along with sediment characterization was undertaken. The textural and geotechnical properties of the surficial sediments of a mudbank were determined during pre-monsoon, monsoon, and post-monsoon periods. The mudbank sediments were clayey silts with high water and organic carbon contents, high Atterberg limits, and low bulk density, and therefore very susceptible to entrainment. During the monsoon, the mudbank regime was characterised by enhanced turbidity and a benthic fluff layer, triggered by the increasing swell of the early monsoon period. Re-suspension exposed a more consolidated, previously sub-bottom, layer which exhibited lower water content and greater shear strength than the pre-monsoon seabed. Texturally, the monsoon seabed was similar to the pre-monsoon seabed, with the same modal grain size, but the proportions of sand and coarse silt increased nearshore, while the proportions of fine and very fine silt increased offshore. There was a seaward-fining textural gradient at all times, but this became pronounced during the monsoon period. Paradoxically, the monsoonal seabed displayed greatly reduced wet bulk density. It is hypothesized that this was due to the presence of gas, probably methane, in the sediments (while the pre-monsoon sediments were fully saturated, the monsoon sediments were only 83% saturated). We speculate that the gas was forced into the surficial sediments either by wave pumping (at the onset of the monsoon) or by seaward-flowing subbottom freshwater (derived from monsoonal rains). With the waning of the monsoon, the benthic fluid mud layer rapidly disappeared and the seabed returned to its pre-monsoon state as suspended sediments were redeposited. The mudbank regime is therefore essentially an in situ phenomenon. It is suggested that the mudbanks are palimpsest, marshy, lagoonal deposits, rich in organic matter and derived gas, that were submerged after a marine transgression. The surficial sediment is annually entrained during the monsoon, but erosion is limited by the formation of the benthic fluid mud layer, which attenuates wave generated turbulence. Although some fine sediment disperses alongshore and offshore, most is returned to the seabed as the monsoon declines. 相似文献
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The sediment–water interface is usually marked by an increase in acoustic impedance and is therefore displayed in a seismic
section as a positive polarity reflection. Here, we use the term “seabed phase reversal” to describe areas of seafloor which
are instead expressed as a negative polarity reflection in seismic data. We describe in detail a number of examples of seafloor
phase reversals and use a simple one-dimensional geophysical model to test the hypothesis that they are the result of the
presence of gas within the seafloor sediment. Our examples are all related to seismically imaged mud volcanoes located within
the South Caspian Sea. Sections of phase-reversed seafloor at the summit area of these volcanoes have been mapped to reveal
the existence of seafloor mud pools (salses) and recently erupted mud flows which show a strong similarity to smaller-scale
features at onshore volcanoes in Azerbaijan. Synthetic geophysical modelling indicates that under the physical conditions
likely to occur when the seabed sediment is gas-bearing, the seafloor will be expressed as a strong negative polarity reflection.
Unlike other indicators of seafloor gas, such as pockmarks, which merely record the transient expulsion of fluids from sedimentary
basins, seafloor phase reversals indicate the presence of gas in marine sediment at the time of survey acquisition. They therefore
are of significance to engineering and site survey operations as well as the identification of biological communities and
gas flux calculations. 相似文献
17.
海底表层底质分布信息的准确获取在构建海洋基础地理数据库中发挥着重要作用。目前,多波束是实现大范围海底底质分类的有效手段之一,基于多波束测深和反向散射强度数据所派生的声学特征被广泛应用于底质分类建模。然而,随着特征维度的增加,特征空间中存在的无关和冗余特征严重影响底质分类精度。为了定量评估声学特征对底质类别的表征能力,并消除无效特征对分类结果的干扰,本文提出了基于多维度声学特征优选的海底底质分类方法。首先,结合实际底质样本的物理属性对多维特征进行排序和优选,排除冗余和无关特征。其次,分别应用支持向量机、随机森林和深度信念网络构建海底底质监督分类模型。通过利用爱尔兰海南部多波束调查数据和实地取样信息进行试验,结果表明提出方法对海底底质的总体分类精度和Kappa系数分别最高达到了86.20%和0.834,相较于主成分分析和熵指标特征选择方法有明显提高,突出了该方法在海底底质探测及制图的应用潜力。 相似文献
18.
根据2006年10月在崇明东滩潮间带和潮下带两个站位的大小潮水文泥沙观测资料和悬沙水样的室内粒度分析资料,对悬沙粒径的时空分布特征及其与流速等的关系进行了分析,并对再悬浮特点进行了探讨,结果表明,大小潮期间的悬沙颗粒组成较细,平均粒径的均值仅为6μm;大潮时的悬沙粒径略粗于小潮的,潮间带的略粗于潮下带的;由底床向上悬沙粒径趋于减小。悬沙粒径与流速、悬沙含量无明显的统计学关系,底质粒径、再悬浮强度和再悬浮泥沙粒径的空间变化以及浮泥的悬浮作用等是主要的影响因素。由于底质粒径的空间分布复杂,在东滩水域再悬浮具有明显的空间变化。在底质平均粒径大于60μm的粗颗粒沉积区,大小潮的再悬浮作用微小,底质以推移质运动为主。在底质平均粒径介于5~11μm的细颗粒沉积区上,悬沙级配与底质级配基本相同,该区域是再悬浮的主要发生源地;悬沙级配的变化过程揭示,再悬浮对底层悬沙的贡献率平均为8%~20%,大潮时的再悬浮强度是小潮的5~10倍,由底质再悬浮产生的悬沙在底部水层中的平均含量约为0.03~0.47 kg/m3。 相似文献