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1.
Micropiles are being increasingly utilized in foundation rehabilitation and seismic retrofitting projects. The function of
the micropiles in these projects is to enhance the foundation ultimate capacity as well as reduce foundation deflection. This
paper focuses on an analytical model for micropile load-displacement behavior subjected to compressive as well as tensile
loading. The soil-micropile interaction is considered explicitly in the model development. Furthermore, to keep the model
simple and accessible to designers, the micropile-soil interface is assumed to be linearly elastic-perfectly plastic and homogeneous
with depth. Closed form expressions of micropile deformation as a function of applied load are presented. These expressions
are used to study the effect of model parameters on micropile yield behavior. Micropile strain distribution and the load transfer
behavior calculated by the model are discussed. The model calculations are compared with the field measured load-displacement
curves. The measured micropile load-displacement data available in the literature are analyzed to evaluate the model parameters.
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
2.
基于某大面积深厚淤泥软基加固处理工程试验,从淤泥地基承载特征考虑,为定量确定软土之上覆盖层（包括原覆盖层及人工填土层）并反映静动力排水固结法中静力、动力荷载和排水体系的相互适应关系,建立了冲击荷载下淤泥地基上覆土层合理厚度 的定量模型。对该模型参数地基压力扩散角 、地基承载力特征值 、冲击荷载允许应力比R进行分析讨论。模型中变化的允许应力比R直观和定量地反映了冲击荷载大小与软土层排水体系布置方式、软土覆盖层厚度的相互适应关系,也可作为评判软基加固效果的参数。相关试验结果还表明,对于淤泥地基,实际夯击作用下 大于《建筑地基基础设计规范》中的23°～30°。工程应用表明,建立的模型与实际情况有较好的一致性,其定量的表达式也为工程人员设计应用提供了便利,对类似的软土地基处理工程有借鉴或指导意义。 相似文献
3.
针对目前国内外塑料排水地基固结计算均近似采用砂井等效模型的不足,本文将塑料排水板等效为形状极为接近的扁椭圆柱体,根据同焦椭圆柱理论及等应变假设,推导了线性加载下塑料排水板地基的固结解析解;根据ADINA有限元计算及现有学者数值计算成果对比验证了本文理论的正确性。通过与目前不同砂井等效模型对比分析,认为在理想竖井的二维平面固结理论下,本文理论与Long & Covo等效法“dw=0.5b+0.7δ”较为接近,说明扁矩形截面的排水“形状效应”比等面积圆形截面更优;对于考虑井阻影响时,我国《海堤工程设计规范》（GB/T 51015-2014）以及《真空预压加固软土地基技术规程》（JTS147-2-2009）中建议的等效法均具有一定误差,建议采用本文理论计算。此外,地基荷载线性加载时间越长,地基前期固结速率越慢,与骤加恒载情况差异越显著。 相似文献
4.
桩基础对邻近场地冲击荷载的响应分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
桩基础对邻近场地作用冲击荷载的响应本质上是桩-土组成的体系在冲击荷载下的整体动力相互作用问题。为了研究该问题,采用有限元法模拟冲击荷载引起桩基础的振动。利用通用有限元分析软件ABAQUS建立了有限元-无限元（FE-IFE）耦合分析模型,分析了冲击荷载作用时桩基础动力响应的规律,并对影响桩基础响应的因素进行了探讨。计算结果表明,桩的振动程度取决于冲击荷载作用间距和冲击荷载能量,而冲击荷载作用间距越远,桩的振动波长越长。 相似文献
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6.
基于改进荷载传递法计算降水引起的基桩沉降 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
现有研究采用荷载传递法时均未计算桩体自重,若直接应用于国内软土地区超长桩基的沉降计算,其精度难以满足高速铁路线下工程严格的沉降控制要求。基于佐藤?悟双折线模型提出侧阻荷载传递函数的假定模式,引入桩体自重并对荷载传递法的基本微分方程进行修正和求解,结合降水引起的桩周土体沉降计算和基于端阻弹性模型的桩端土体沉降计算,获得地下水位变化诱发的基桩沉降计算方法;采用理论推导的基桩沉降解析解,并借助嵌入荷载传递函数的有限元方法,分别对单纯桩顶荷载作用和桩顶荷载与降水共同作用两种工况下的桩侧摩阻力、桩体轴力和基桩沉降进行算例对比分析;有限元计算因考虑了由桩体沉降产生的桩周土体附加竖向位移而与理论计算略有偏差,但两种方法计算结果的变化规律基本一致,验证了降水引起的基桩沉降理论计算公式的合理性及正确性。 相似文献
7.
桩-筏复合地基是控制高速铁路等路基工后沉降的一种常用地基处理技术,然而针对其在不同振动波形荷载下的动力响应特性对比研究相对较少。基于大型模型系统,开展砂土地基中单桩桩-筏复合地基大比例模型试验研究,着重分析不同振动波形加载下单桩桩-筏复合地基的累积沉降、桩底-桩侧土动土应力比、加速度及速度传递等变化规律,初步探讨振动波形对单桩桩-筏复合地基承载特性的影响机制。试验结果表明,M波振动波形对地基累积沉降的影响较正弦波振动波形对地基累积沉降的影响略大一些,对桩底-桩侧土动应力比的影响则反之;振动响应加速度和速度随着加载频率及振幅幅值的增大而增大。相关研究成果可为单桩桩-筏复合地基的理论分析与计算提供参考依据。 相似文献
8.
双排抗滑桩是加固大型滑坡的常用工程措施之一,在实际工程设计计算中的关键环节在于简单且合理地确定作用于前后排桩上的滑坡推力。将抗滑桩受荷段前侧坡体视为水平向的温克勒（Winkler）地基,基于弹性地基梁模型,并充分考虑桩体受荷段与锚固段的变形连续性,通过迭代算法确定出后排抗滑桩受荷段前侧坡体抗力,进而可对排间坡体采用传递系数法计算出前排桩桩后滑坡推力,给出了相关的理论计算公式。通过室内模型试验验证了所提方法的合理性,并针对一大型基覆式滑坡实例,具体计算出了前后排桩上的设计滑坡推力荷载。所提计算方法可为实际工程的简化设计提供参考。 相似文献
9.
砂土海床中大直径单桩水平承载与变形特性 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
通过室内三轴固结排水剪切试验等获得典型剪胀性砂土的力学参数,在此基础上利用有限元软件ABAQUS,开展了近海大直径单桩基础在水平荷载作用下的三维有限元数值分析,揭示了加载过程中桩周土的应力路径,探讨了桩周土内摩擦角、剪胀角及桩土接触面特性等对三维数值分析结果的影响,得到了离心模型试验的验证,进而提出了砂土海床中大直径单桩基础的合理数值分析模型及参数取值方法,并建议风机大直径单桩基础水平承载力确定以变形作为控制标准。在此基础上,利用该数值分析模型分析了现有桩基承载力和变形分析方法对超大直径单桩的有效性,并提出了采用数值分析来确定基础的临界埋深的确定方法。 相似文献
10.
This paper presents a non‐linear soil–structure interaction (SSI) macro‐element for shallow foundation on cohesive soil. The element describes the behaviour in the near field of the foundation under cyclic loading, reproducing the material non‐linearities of the soil under the foundation (yielding) as well as the geometrical non‐linearities (uplift) at the soil–structure interface. The overall behaviour in the soil and at the interface is reduced to its action on the foundation. The macro‐element consists of a non‐linear joint element, expressed in generalised variables, i.e. in forces applied to the foundation and in the corresponding displacements. Failure is described by the interaction diagram of the ultimate bearing capacity of the foundation under combined loads. Mechanisms of yielding and uplift are modelled through a global, coupled plasticity–uplift model. The cyclic model is dedicated to modelling the dynamic response of structures subjected to seismic action. Thus, it is especially suited to combined loading developed during this kind of motion. Comparisons of cyclic results obtained from the macro‐element and from a FE modelization are shown in order to demonstrate the relevance of the proposed model and its predictive ability. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
11.
This paper presents a relatively simple method for three‐dimensional liquefaction analysis of granular soil under offshore foundations. In this method, the Mohr–Coulomb model, which defines the elasto–plastic stress–strain relationship under monotonic loading, is modified to accommodate the plastic strains generated by cyclic loading. The effects of cyclic loading, evaluated from the results of laboratory tests on saturated samples of soil, are incorporated into the model. The method is implemented in an efficient finite element program for analyses of three‐dimensional consolidating soil. The practicability of the model is demonstrated by analysis of a typical offshore foundation, and the predictions of the numerical analysis are compared with the observed behaviour of the foundation. Copyright © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
12.
循环荷载下圆柱形桩与楔形桩复合地基工作性状对比试验研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为探讨循环荷载作用下夯实水泥土圆柱形桩与夯实水泥土楔形桩复合地基工作性状的差异,通过室内模型试验,并在桩顶及桩周土表面埋设微型土压力盒,进行循环荷载下夯实水泥土圆柱形桩和楔形桩的4桩复合地基及单纯软土地基工作性状对比试验,探讨循环应力比和加载周数对夯实水泥土圆柱形桩和楔形桩复合地基永久沉降、桩-土应力比的影响规律。研究软土地基加固方法对永久沉降和桩-土应力比的影响,揭示了循环应力比与桩-土应力比的关系。研究结果表明：采用夯实水泥土桩加固软土地基,能提高地基的临界循环应力比,增强地基抵抗循环荷载的能力;在相同的加荷周数和循环应力比的加载条件下,采用夯实水泥土楔形桩加固软土地基对降低地基永久沉降的效果比采用夯实水泥土圆柱形桩的效果要好,且楔形桩的楔角越大,降低永久沉降的效果越明显。循环应力比越大,桩-土应力比越大;桩-土应力比随楔形桩楔角的增大而增大,随加载周数的增加而降低,并存在一临界加载周数;当加载周数小于临界周数时,桩-土应力比随加载周数迅速降低;当加载周数超过临界周数时,桩-土应力比几乎不随加载周数的变化而变化。 相似文献
13.
高承台群桩基础是高速铁路桥梁基础的一种常用形式,受到风、地震等荷载作用影响,常常需要承受较大的横向荷载。采用室内物理模型试验和三维有限元程序ABAQUS对软土地层中单桩、群桩的横向承载特性进行了研究,软土采用修正剑桥黏土本构模型,试验结果与有限元计算结果吻合较好。群桩研究方案包括了桩数的变化以及桩间距的变化。结果表明,群桩基础的基桩平均横向承载力（总承载力/桩数）较单桩基础显著增加,且水平荷载方向桩间距越大,其横向承载力越大;群桩基础基桩受力存在三维空间效应,不同位置基桩受力大小排序为角桩最大,其次为边桩,最小为中间桩,弯矩极值差异可达20%,群桩基础桩周土影响范围距外围基桩边缘净距离约为16D (D为桩径)。桩与桩相互影响效应对群桩水平承载不利,承台约束效应对水平承载有利。探讨了考虑上述两种效应的群桩效应系数计算方法,通过计算验证了该方法在软土地区高承台群桩基础横向承载力计算中的适用性。 相似文献
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B. Yeo S. C. Yen V. K. Puri B. M. Das M. A. Wright 《Geotechnical and Geological Engineering》1993,11(1):1-14
Summary Laboratory model test results for permanent settlement of a shallow square foundation supported by geogrid-reinforced sand and subjected to cyclic loading are presented. During the application of the cyclic load, the foundation was subjected to a sustained static load. Tests were conducted with only one type of geogrid and at one relative density of compaction of sand. Based on the model test results, the nature of variation of the permanent settlement of the foundation with the intensity of the static loading and the amplitude of the cyclic load intensity are presented in a non-dimensional form. 相似文献
16.
针对非均质软黏土地基上复合加载模式下桶形基础的破坏包络面,运用大型有限元分析软件ABAQUS进行了三维非线性数值分析。通过比较系统的数值计算与分析,考察了软黏土非均质性对复合加载模式下桶形基础破坏包络面形状的作用及影响。结果表明：软黏土地基的不排水抗剪强度对于力矩为0的平面内,其应力归一化的破坏包络面影响不大,而在水平荷载与竖向荷载为0的平面内,其应力归一化的破坏包络面具有一定影响。通过与有关模型试验的对比分析,在一定程度上验证了有限元计算模型与数值分析结果的合理性。 相似文献
17.
为提升地铁盾构隧道的防灾减灾能力,以北京某典型地铁盾构隧道及邻域的基坑工程为基础,应用相似材料模型试验与数值模拟相结合的方法,研究了上方基坑开挖卸荷-加载作用下地铁盾构隧道的变形特征及围土压力分布规律,并对基坑底部与盾构隧道顶部净距和基坑加载强度的影响进行了分析。研究结果表明：盾构隧道上方基坑开挖卸荷-加载过程中,随着基坑开挖卸荷的进行,盾构隧道逐步上浮,基坑开挖至底部时,竖向位移达到最大值;随着基坑加载的进行,竖向位移可得到适量恢复,最大竖向位移差及最大水平位移差均出现在基坑开挖卸荷完成阶段,此时应尽早完成基础底板封闭施工。基坑开挖卸荷-加载过程中,盾构隧道围土压力始终呈葫芦型对称分布,盾构隧道顶部及底部土压力较大,腰部土压力较小,基坑开挖卸荷完成后,长轴方向土压力明显减小,基坑加载完成后,土压力有所恢复,但并未达到最初状态。随着基坑底部与盾构隧道顶部净距的增加,盾构隧道结构位移、拱顶与拱底竖向位移差及水平收敛均逐步减小,当净距大于3 h（h为基坑深度）时,上方基坑卸荷-加载对盾构隧道影响逐步趋于轻微。在基坑加载强度为卸载强度的2倍时,盾构隧道竖向位移可恢复至最初状态。 相似文献
18.
This article focuses on the statistical characterisation and stochastic modelling of the load-displacement behaviour of shallow footings on cohesionless soils and on the probabilistic estimation of settlement for serviceability limit state design (LSD). The study relies on a field database of 30 full-scale footings subjected to vertical loading with cone penetration testing data available for each site. The performance of three load-displacement models in replicating field data is assessed comparatively through statistical analysis. Load-displacement uncertainty is subsequently modelled probabilistically to perform Monte Carlo Simulation (MCS)-based estimation of footing settlement using the best-performing power law model. The dependence among load-displacement model parameters is investigated and replicated using copula theory. Samples are generated to account for parametric uncertainties in model inputs. The simulation output samples of settlement are examined statistically in order to assess the relevance of parametric and load-displacement uncertainties in settlement estimation, as well as the importance of accounting for correlation between power law model parameters. A simple analytical model for the estimation of settlement at any target reliability level is obtained on the basis of the outputs of MCS. The model can be practically implemented in geotechnical LSD at serviceability limit states. 相似文献
19.
天津滨海吹填场区典型的“上软下硬”的双层软黏土地基具有复杂的物理性质和工程特性,其在不同荷载作用模式下的变形特性有所不同,在工程实践中往往会产生较大的工后沉降和不均匀沉降,从而导致修建于其上的建筑物出现诸多工程问题。现阶段对于不同荷载作用下吹填场区形成的“上软下硬”双层软黏土地基的变形特性及机理研究甚少,导致理论研究远远落后于工程实践,制约了吹填场区经济建设的快速发展,因此对此类地基的变形特性展开研究显得尤为重要。基于此,本文针对吹填场区“上软下硬”的双层软黏土地基,开展了反复荷载和恒定荷载作用下的一维固结试验和扫描电镜试验(SEM),得到了不同荷载模式作用下的压缩特性及其微观机理,为吹填场区双层软黏土地基变形模型建立及长期工后沉降预测提供理论依据。研究表明:双层软黏土地基的压缩系数和固结系数在反复荷载作用初期明显减小,而后缓慢减小直至趋于稳定; 与反复荷载相比,恒定荷载作用下试样的压缩系数初期值增加,固结系数初期值减小,其变化量均在40% ~50%的范围内; 当荷载等级一定时,反复荷载作用引起双层软黏土地基产生的沉降量相比于恒定荷载作用多30% ~45%; 随着荷载等级的增加,土样内部大孔隙受到挤压而减少,孔隙的圆度和定向性加强,土体结构更密实,均一化程度提高; 相比于恒定荷载模式,反复荷载作用下土样内部孔隙形状更接近于圆形,孔隙定向性更好,土体内部结构强化程度大,但有序性相对较差。 相似文献
20.
New trace element analyses are reported for 25 samples of basalt taken from a vertical traverse in an 11 m thick single flow of Icelandic tholeiite. Compositional variations among the samples substantially exceed those expected from analytical uncertainties and are random with respect to height in the flow. These variations in an undifferentiated single flow suggest a short-range segregation model in which the proportions of phenocrysts. groundmass minerals and residual liquid vary randomly among different samples of the flow. A least-squares mixing model is used to determine whether the compositional variations reflect different proportions of crystallizing phases and residual liquid. Most elements (alkalis and alkaline earths excepted) are fit to within their analytical uncertainties, supporting the short-range segregation model. A Monte-Carlo calculation is used to model the phase modes and compositions of various samples of a hypothetical basalt. Most compositional and interelement variations for the Icelandic basalt resemble those of the hypothetical basalt. The calculations show that short-range segregation produces inhomogeneity as large as interflow compositional differences and results in incoherence among elements with different geochemical behaviors while preserving coherence among elements of similar behavior. 相似文献