共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 31 毫秒
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采用H2O2氧化Fe2＋并供应4种不同浓度葡聚糖的方法,探讨在H2O2氧化体系中葡聚糖对次生铁矿物形成的影响。结果表明：葡聚糖对次生矿物的形成具有明显的抑制作用;随着葡聚糖浓度的提高,次生矿物内的Fe含量降低,而S含量没有显著变化,且所有处理的K含量均较低;没有葡聚糖处理的次生矿物XRD特征峰与黄钾铁矾吻合,而添加葡聚糖后形成的次生矿物的特征峰与施氏矿物吻合,但是所有处理的次生矿物的结晶度都不高;随着葡聚糖浓度的提高,次生矿物的颗粒尺寸降低,比表面积增加。因此,葡聚糖能够抑制次生矿物的合成,并且阻止次生矿物由施氏矿物向黄钾铁矾的转变。 相似文献
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《International Geology Review》2012,54(7):766-772
Ferrihydrite (2.5 Fe2O2-4.5 H2O) is an unstable colloidal mineral. It dissolves in highly alkaline solutions and is precipitated from them in the form of goethite. Jarosite is stable at very low pH but is decomposed at higher values of pH with separation of iron oxides. Experiments show that in rapid decomposition of jarosite a protohematite substance, ferrihydrite, is formed. This transformation occurs at moderate pH values when solutions percolate through the aggregates of jarosite. Ferrihydrite, an unstable colloidal hydrated oxide of ferric iron, changes spontaneously to stable hematite with time. Very slow decomposition of jarosite results in its replacement by iron hydroxide, goethite. Under laboratory conditions in alkaline solutions lepidocrocite may be obtained from jarosite. The synthesis of this iron hydroxide passes through a stage of intermediate products: ferrihydrite and hydrated ferric oxide - ferriprotolepidocrocite, formed by solution of ferrihydrite in strongly alkaline solutions. The transformation of ferriprotolepidocrocite into lepidocrocite may be regarded as a topotactic reaction. —Authors. 相似文献
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人类活动影响下娘子关岩溶水系统地球化学演化 总被引：17，自引：5，他引：12
娘子关泉是我国北方最大的岩溶泉之一,也是阳泉市工农业生产和人民生活的重要供水水源。地下水地球化学演化分析表明,在地下水由补给区向排泄区运移过程中,除固有的水岩相互作用外,由于受采矿活动和地表水入渗补给的影响,岩溶水由低离子含量的HCO3-SO4或HCO3型水逐渐成为SO4型、SO4-HCO3型和SO4-HCO3-Cl型水。在泉群集中排泄区,区域流动系统与局部流动系统的地下水发生混合作用,最终形成了水质相对良好的HCO3-SO4型或SO4-HCO3型岩溶泉水。在此过程中,地下水对方解石和白云石也由最初的溶解作用演变为沉淀再结晶。尽管石膏呈持续溶解现象,但在采煤活动严重影响区域,石膏的沉淀也可能出现。地球化学模拟表明,在岩溶含水层中,地下水首先以方解石（白云石）的溶解为主;随着石膏溶解数量的增加,方解石（白云石）的溶解开始受到抑制,进而发生沉淀,石膏的溶解成为控制地下水水化学的主导过程。当矿坑水混入时,地下水相对石膏过饱和,地下水对碳酸盐岩含水介质的溶蚀能力得到增强。随着水岩反应的演进,铁氢氧化物大量沉淀,通过共沉淀和吸附作用去除了地下水中的重金属类污染物。 相似文献
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Peter Turner 《Sedimentary Geology》1974,12(3):215-235
The Ringerike Group is a meandering fluviatile succession which is about 60% red. Most of the red zones are formed of mudrocks and siltstones and correspond to the fine members of fining-upwards cyclothems. The majority of coarse members are drab coloured.Textural studies of thin and polished sections show that the red colour is caused by finely crystalline hematite as matrix and grain-coatings. This hematite apparently crystallized post-depositionally. Hematite also occurs in other textural sites: within altered phyllosilicates, as detrital grains and as totally pseudomorphed phyllosilicates. This, and the lack of consistency between colour and clay mineralogy, suggests that the red beds have had a long and complex diagenetic history.Iron analyses indicate that the red beds are enriched in Fe3+ and total iron (FeO) by about 1%. This is thought to have been derived from the pre-depositional weathering of iron minerals and introduced into the sediments as amorphous iron hydroxide or iron-bearing clays. Crystallization of iron hydroxide under oxidizing conditions and the post-depositional alteration of iron-silicates and oxides is thought to be responsible for the formation of the red beds. 相似文献
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N. V. Cherepanova 《Moscow University Geology Bulletin》2009,64(6):383-385
The Butarny deposit is characterized by the development of mineralization of gold-quartz and gold-rare metal mineral associations
related to Late Cretaceous granitoid magmatism and metasomatism imposed during the Late Jurassic tectonomagmatic epoch. Ores
on the Butarnoe site were formed during the vein quartz-sulphide stage and partially oxidized in a zone of hypergenesis. The
gold found there is fine-grained and is also related to arsenopyrite and scorodite and, to a lower degree, to quartz and iron
hydroxide 相似文献
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Deposits of Fe-Si-Mn oxyhydroxides are commonly found on the seafloor on seamounts and mid-ocean spreading centers. At Franklin Seamount located near the western extremity of Woodlark Basin, Papua New Guinea, Fe-Si-Mn oxyhydroxides are being precipitated as chimneys and mounds upon a substrate of mafic lava. Previous studies have shown that the vent fluids have a low temperature (20–30°C) and are characterized by a total dissolved iron concentration of 0.038 mM kg-1, neutral pH (6.26) and no measurable H2S. The chimneys have a yellowish appearance with mottled red–orange patches when observed in situ from a submersible, but collected samples become redder within a few hours of being removed from the sea. The amorphous iron oxyhydroxides, obtained from active and inactive vents, commonly possess filamentous textures similar in appearance to sheaths and stalks excreted by the iron-oxidizing bacteria Leptothrix and Gallionella; however, formless agglomerates are also common. Textural relationships between apparent bacterial and non-bacterial iron suggest that the filaments are coeval with and/or growing outwards from the agglomerates. The amorphous iron oxyhydroxides are suggested to precipitate hydrothermally as ferrosic hydroxide, a mixed-valence (Fe2+-Fe3+) green–yellow iron hydroxide compound. Consideration of the thermodynamics and kinetics of iron in the vent fluid, suggest that the precipitation is largely pH controlled and that large amounts of amorphous iron oxyhydroxides are capable of being precipitated by a combination of abiotic hydrothermal processes. Some biologically induced precipitation of primary ferric oxyhydroxides (two-XRD-line ferrihydrite) may have occurred directly from the fluid, but most of the filamentous iron micro-textures in the samples appear to have a diagenetic origin. They may have formed as a result of the interaction between the iron-oxidizing bacteria and the initially precipitated ferrosic hydroxide that provided a source of ferrous iron needed for their growth. The processes described at Franklin Seamount provide insight into the formation of other seafloor oxyhydroxide deposits and ancient oxide-facies iron formation. 相似文献
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在全面收集东昆仑西段地区3种主要铁矿矿床类型（迪木那里克、蟠龙峰、塔特拉克）资料的基础上,综合分析其成矿地质条件、物探等找矿信息,并对该区铁矿成矿机制进行了研究,建立其成矿模式,总结迪木那里克和蟠龙峰铁矿找矿模型。研究表明,沉积变质型铁矿主要分布于长沙沟蛇绿混杂岩和茫崖蛇绿混杂岩带内,成矿时代主要为古生代,含矿建造为复理石建造和大理岩建造。矽卡岩型铁矿主要分布在研究区中部呈北西-南东向展布的祁漫塔格蛇绿混杂岩带中,赋矿建造主要为古元古代白沙河岩组大理岩建造、蓟县系结晶灰岩-白云质灰岩-白云岩建造和上石炭统-下二叠统微晶灰岩-钙质白云岩-生物微晶灰岩建造,成矿时代为古生代和中生代;与成矿作用有关的侵入岩主要为印支期花岗闪长岩、二长花岗岩和燕山期的钾长花岗岩;矿体主要分布在受断层控制的侵入岩与碳酸盐岩接触带的矽卡岩中,矽卡岩以钙质矽卡岩为主。 相似文献
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华北陆块铁矿床地质特征和资源潜力展望 总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8
华北陆块是我国重要铁矿资源的分布区,铁矿石主要开采区,也是我国钢铁工业的重要分布区。区内保有铁矿资源储量299.48亿吨,占全国总资源储量51.94%。区内各省市的铁矿资源分布极不均匀,以辽宁、河北、山西三省铁矿资源最为集中,其资源储量达220.26亿吨,占全区总铁矿资源储量75.55%。区内矿床类型较为齐全,主要的有(火山)沉积变质型铁矿床、接触交代型铁矿床、岩浆型铁矿床、复合成矿作用型铁矿床、沉积型铁矿床、热液型铁矿床、海相火山岩型铁矿床等,其中以(火山)沉积变质型铁矿床最为重要,其资源储量占全区总资源储量84.02%;其次为邯邢式接触交代型铁矿床,资源储量占全区总资源储量6.19%。该区铁矿床从太古宙到新生代都有产出,但不同地质时期产出铁矿床类型和规模不尽相同,并与区内地壳演化的特征紧密相关。太古宙是区内最重要的地质时期,该时期形成铁矿资源储量占总资源储量79.87%,广泛分布在各古老结晶基底的变质岩系内。其次为元古宙和中生代,它们资源储量分别占总资源储量的12.6%和7.06%。该区铁矿资源寻找的主要类型是条带状铁建造型铁矿床,其次是邯邢式。除上述两个主要类型外,各省根据各自地质特征,对河北岩浆型大庙式,山东热液型朱崖式等其它铁矿类型,也需要进行地质找矿。该区资源潜力还是较大的。 相似文献
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长江中下游地区铁、铜等成矿规律研究 总被引：29，自引：8，他引：29
本文反映了国家重点科技攻关项目75-55-02-01专题的地质研究成果,论文探讨了长江中下游区域成矿的地质背景和构造演化,提出燕山期本区为大陆板块内部的断块与裂陷交织的构造-岩浆-成矿带。燕山早期,以NWW—EW向为主的岩石圈断裂,控制了铜、钼、(金)矿带的分布;燕山晚期,以NNE—NE为主的岩石圈断裂,主要控制了铁及铁-铜矿带的分布。矿带内各矿田的位置,受基底构造和盖层构造的联合控制。根据环形构造、线性构造与侵入岩体的关系,建立了本区矿田构造垂直分带的“三层结构”模式。首次研究了主要赋矿层位——石炭系、二叠系、三叠系地球化学,包括有机碳含量及与金属成矿的关系。对中生代侵入岩的岩石化学和含矿性进行了系统研究,划分了3个成岩成矿亚系列。在综合研究区域构造、沉积、岩浆、成矿等作用演化的基础上,提出本区存在两个成矿系列,即沉积成矿系列(古生代为主)和岩浆成矿系列(燕山期为主),后者是本区主要的金属成矿系列。两个系列的叠加复合是本区区域成矿的一个特色,是造成矿床多样性和复合性的重要原因。论文讨论了铁矿带和铜矿带的区域分布及二者的相互关联,并论述了长江中下游成矿带在环太平洋矿带中的地位和特色。 相似文献
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Long-standing controversy persists over the presence and role of iron–rich melts in the formation of volcanic rock-hosted iron deposits. Conjugate iron–rich and silica–rich melt inclusions observed in thin-sections are considered as direct evidence for the presence of iron-rich melt, yet unequivocal outcrop-scale evidence of iron-rich melts are still lacking in volcanic rock-hosted iron deposits. Submarine volcanic rock-hosted iron deposits, which are mainly distributed in the western and eastern Tianshan Mountains in Xinjiang, are important resources of iron ores in China, but it remains unclear whether iron-rich melts have played a role in the mineralization of such iron ores. In this study, we observed abundant iron-rich agglomerates in the brecciated andesite lava of the Heijianshan submarine volcanic rock–hosted iron deposit, Eastern Tianshan, China. The iron-rich agglomerates occur as irregular and angular masses filling fractures of the host brecciated andesite lava. They show concentric potassic alteration with silicification or epidotization rims, indicative of their formation after the wall rocks. The iron-rich agglomerates have porphyritic and hyalopilitic textures, and locally display chilled margins in the contact zone with the host rocks. These features cannot be explained by hydrothermal replacement of wall rocks(brecciated andesite lava) which is free of vesicle and amygdale, rather they indicate direct crystallization of the iron-rich agglomerates from iron-rich melts. We propose that the iron-rich agglomerates were formed by open-space filling of volatile-rich iron-rich melt in fractures of the brecciated andesite lava. The iron-rich agglomerates are compositionally similar to the wall-rock brecciated andesite lava, but have much larger variation. Based on mineral assemblages, the iron-rich agglomerates are subdivided into five types, i.e., albite-magnetite type, albite-K-feldsparmagnetite type, K-feldspar–magnetite type, epidote-magnetite type and quartz-magnetite type, representing that products formed at different stages during the evolution of a magmatic-hydrothermal system. The albite-magnetite type represents the earliest crystallization product from a residual ironrich melt; the albite-K-feldspar-magnetite and K-feldspar-magnetite types show features of magmatichydrothermal transition, whereas the epidote-magnetite and quartz-magnetite types represent products of hydrothermal alteration. The occurrence of iron-rich agglomerates provides macroscopic evidence for the presence of iron-rich melts in the mineralization of the Heijianshan iron deposit. It also indicates that iron mineralization of submarine volcanic rock-hosted iron deposits is genetically related to hydrothermal fluids derived from iron-rich melts. 相似文献
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Everett C. Salas William M. Berelson Anthony R. Kampf 《Geochimica et cosmochimica acta》2010,74(2):574-583
Three bacterial strains from the genus Shewanella were used to examine the influence of specific bacteria on the products of dissimilatory iron reduction. Strains CN32, MR-4 and W3-18-1 were incubated with HFO (hydrous ferric oxide) as the terminal electron acceptor and lactate as the organic carbon and energy source. Mineral products of iron reduction were analyzed using X-ray powder diffraction, electron microscopy, coulometry and susceptometry. Under identical nutrient loadings, iron reduction rates for strains CN32 and W3-18-1 were similar, and about twice as fast as MR-4. Qualitative and quantitative assessment of mineralized end products (secondary minerals) indicated that different products were formed during experiments with similar reduction rates but different strains (CN32 and W3-18-1), and similar products were formed during experiments with different iron reduction rates and different strains (CN32 and MR-4). The major product of iron reduction by strains CN32 and MR-4 was magnetite, while for W3-18-1 it was a mixture of magnetite and iron carbonate hydroxide hydrate (green rust), a precursor to fougerite. Another notable difference was that strains CN32 and MR-4 converted all of the starting ferric iron material into magnetite, while W3-18-1 did not convert most of the Fe3+ into a recognizable crystalline material. Biofilm formation is more robust in W3-18-1 than in the other two strains used in this study. The differences in mineralization may be an indicator that EPS (or another cellular product from W3-18-1) may interfere with the crystallization of magnetite or facilitate formation of green rust. These results suggest that the relative abundance of mineral end products and the relative distribution of these products are strongly dependent on the bacterial species or strain catalyzing iron reduction. 相似文献
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辽宁弓长岭铁矿床二矿区类矽卡岩的岩石矿物学特征 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
辽宁弓长岭铁矿床二矿区是我国最重要的鞍山式沉积变质型富铁矿床.不同于鞍山-本溪地区其他贫铁矿床,弓长岭铁矿二矿区富铁矿体的附近分布有大量的类矽卡岩,这些类矽卡岩与富铁矿体具有密切的成因联系.本文在野外和岩相学研究的基础上,选择弓长岭二矿区类矽卡岩的岩相学、矿物学、矿物化学特征进行了研究.结果表明:类矽卡岩可分为石榴石岩、绿泥石岩、含石榴石绿泥石岩、含磁铁矿阳起石岩四种类型;类矽卡岩矿物中石榴石端员组分以铁铝榴石为主,角闪石属于钙角闪石系列中的透闪石,绿泥石属于蠕绿泥石.类矽卡岩和富铁矿是由热液交代改造磁铁贫矿形成的,二者是同一期热液活动的产物. 相似文献
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A. Boulton D. Fornasiero J. Ralston 《International Journal of Mineral Processing》2003,70(1-4):205-219
The surface analytical techniques of X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) and Time of Flight Secondary Ion Mass Spectroscopy (ToF-SIMS) have provided information on the type and concentration of species on the surface of sphalerite and pyrite particles in flotation concentrate and tail samples, but also on their distribution on each particle and across particles of different sizes. From this surface analytical study, a more accurate interpretation of the flotation results of sphalerite and pyrite minerals in a mixed mineral system could be made as a function of the concentrations of copper sulphate activator and xanthate collector, and particle size. In particular, it was found that sphalerite particles reporting to the concentrate are larger in size and contain less iron hydroxide on their surface than particles reporting to the tail. As for the pyrite particles, their lower recovery than the sphalerite particles is the result of a larger proportion of iron hydroxide on their surface inhibiting copper and collector adsorption. 相似文献
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中国叠生型铁矿床成矿特征探讨 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
叠生成矿作用主要是指早期成矿作用被晚期成矿作用叠加、复合和改造。晚期成矿作用的性质常与早期成矿作用不同,也就是说,在早先己有矿床(或矿体、矿源层)的基础上,叠加复合了晚期成矿作用,即成矿时间上有先后、空间产出上有重叠、并对早先形成的矿床进行复杂的复合、叠加和改造,使成矿作用具有多样性、复杂性,并可形成大矿、富矿。铁矿床中叠生成矿作用广泛发育。按矿床或矿体产出和形成的地质特征,中国叠生型铁矿床可分为风化淋滤型、热液叠加改造型和热液叠加复合型3个亚类。风化淋滤型铁矿床在中国分布有限,规模不大,工业利用价值不大,因而中国的叠生型铁矿床主要是指热液叠加改造型和热液叠加复合型两个亚类。热液叠加改造型主要是指早期的铁矿床(或矿体、矿源层)经后期热液叠加改造,使早期的较贫铁矿床(或矿体、矿源层)成为较富铁矿床(或矿体),这是中国BIF型铁矿床中最重要的富铁矿类型,以鞍本地区弓长岭二矿区为典型代表。弓长岭二矿区铁矿,早期在新太古代形成条带状磁铁石英岩(2528 Ma,贫矿石),后期在古元古代,含矿热液交代改造贫铁矿形成富铁矿(1840 Ma)。热液叠加复合型主要是指后期脉型铁(或稀土元素等)矿床叠加在早期(沉积或其他成因)铁等矿床上而形成的矿床,如白云鄂博铁-铌-稀土元素矿床和黔西菱铁矿矿床。白云鄂博铁-铌-稀土元素矿床的形成与火成碳酸岩有关,在中元古代(1.3 Ga)左右,区内火成碳酸岩的侵位,在早期主要形成以岩浆熔离作用为主的铁-铌-稀土元素矿,晚期叠加了加里东期稀土-铌矿化热液脉。古陆边缘构造带或陆内活化带是形成叠生型铁矿床的有利构造空间,较大的地球化学块体,为形成多期、多成因的矿床提供物质来源,叠生型铁矿床的形成明显受构造的控制。叠生成矿是复杂地质过程的一种具体表现。热液叠加改造型和热液叠加复合型的叠生型铁矿床的形成是因中国独特的大地构造环境决定的。叠生成矿作用的研究,尚处在初步阶段。加强对叠生成矿作用的研究,了解其形成的地质背景、成矿机制、作用过程、控矿因素等,对发展矿床学研究,认识区域成矿特征和指导地质找矿具有重要的理论和实际意义。 相似文献
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酸性矿坑废水对流域酸化的影响——以贵州兴仁县典型废弃煤矿区小流域为例 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
人们在开采使用矿产资源的同时,堆弃大量含有硫化物的废弃矿石和废渣于周围环境中。矿山环境中因硫化矿物氧化,导致采矿产生大量的酸性矿坑排水。这种水体具有低pH值,高电导率,高硫酸根和高重金属含量的特征。酸性矿坑排水对下游水生生物及植物等具有很强的毒性,大量排放引起的环境问题受到广泛关注。为了了解酸性矿山排水对流域水体和土壤的影响,本文选择位于贵州省西南部兴仁的一个典型废弃煤矿区进行研究,通过测定矿坑排水、水库水、河水的pH值和EC,以及土壤的pH值,分析矿坑排水、地表水以及土壤pH值的空间变化情况,在此基础上对矿坑排水对流域酸化的影响进行了综合评价。调查结果表明,酸性矿坑排水和受其影响的水库水体的电导率很高,且pH值均小于3。研究区域地表水（水库水、河水）本底水化学类型为Ca2+-HCO3-型,其pH值在7左右,反映了流域内有碳酸盐岩广泛分布的自然环境特征。当受到酸性矿坑排水影响后,水化学类型转变为Ca2+-SO42-型,pH值则低于4.0。通常,酸性矿坑排水在流动过程中与河床的碳酸盐岩发生中和反应,促使水体的pH升高。野外考察发现,研究区河道中碳酸盐岩中空易碎,其CaCO3成分因长期与酸性矿山排水发生反应而被耗尽。同时,在氧化条件下,酸性矿坑排水中的铁在流动过程中生成大量的氢氧化物覆盖了沿程的河床。这种覆盖作用抑制了酸性矿山排水进一步与碳酸盐岩发生中和反应。因此,在研究区分布有广泛的碳酸盐岩情况下,受酸性矿坑排水影响的河水到下游5 km处仍保持较低的pH值。研究区的主要农作物是水稻,其灌溉水源主要是水库水。为了了解酸性矿坑排水对土壤的影响,对水库下游流域土壤pH值的空间分布进行普查,统计其出现的频率。结果表明,以受酸性矿坑排水影响的水库水作为灌溉水源的土壤,其表土的pH值较低,平均值在5.0左右。反之,土壤表土的pH值平均值在6.5左右。此外,通过对受到酸性矿坑排水影响显著的土壤进行剖面调查,发现从地表到深度90 cm的土壤的pH值均小于4.0。结合受酸性矿坑排水影响的河水pH值普遍偏低的情况可以推测流域酸化与酸性矿坑排水有密切关系。 相似文献
20.
南美洲铁矿资源丰富、分布广泛、矿床规模大、矿石品位高、类型较齐全。从南美洲大地构造格架分析,分布在克拉通地盾区或其边缘的沉积-变质型铁矿和分布在安第斯海岸造山带的火山成因型铁矿最为重要,沉积-变质型铁矿主要形成于太古宙—元古宙,火山成因型铁矿主要形成于中新生代。综合研究分析,圈出10个铁矿重要成矿区带,主要分布在委内瑞拉的玻利瓦尔州,巴西的阿马帕州、帕拉州、米纳斯吉拉斯州、北里奥格兰德州、巴拉伊巴州、巴伊亚州、南马托格罗索州,玻利维亚的圣克鲁斯州,秘鲁的伊卡—阿雷基帕海岸带和智利的卡拉马—圣地亚哥海岸带等。通过对重要成矿区带内典型矿床的剖析,并采用统计分析方法总结南美洲铁矿成矿时空分布规律,为未来在该区寻找更多的铁矿资源提供参考。 相似文献