共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 281 毫秒
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本文给出了西安地裂缝的新活动图象(1985—1989)井进行了分析,指出了西安地裂缝的构造特征及人文特征。对于构造特征,本文提出了不仅有构造的几何控制作用,而且有构造的力学控制作用。前者直观地表现在地裂缝的空间几何分布规律上,而后者则既表现在地裂缝的形成过程中,又表现在地裂缝活动与地震活动的时间特征上。人类活动主要是过量抽取地下承压水所导致的地面不均匀沉降,这是地裂缝运动速率比构造运动速率高一个数量级的原因。按照地裂缝的主运动即垂直差异运动速率,本文将地裂缝分为三个等级(A级≥20毫米/年,5毫米≤B级<20毫米/年,C级<5毫米/年)。西安地裂缝的活动度分级图较好地反映了地裂缝的多因迭加机制。 相似文献
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通过大型物理模拟试验,研究了具有正断层性质的隐伏地裂缝破裂扩展时,下伏断层位错引起上覆土体中的应力场和位移场等的变化规律,以及隐伏地裂缝向上破裂扩展模式和平、剖面结构特征,并对裂缝的破裂过程进行了分析;将模拟试验结果与西安地裂缝的破裂扩展模式及建筑物的破坏模式进行对比分析发现,模拟试验结果与西安地裂缝剖面结构不一致,但与地裂缝带上建筑物的破裂形式相一致,这证明了西安地裂缝的形成年代较为久远,是一种早就存在的接近地表的构造破裂面,过量开采地下水则使其重新开启而形成地表裂缝.大型物理模拟试验取得的重要成果对于揭示西安地裂缝的成因机理具有重要的指导意义. 相似文献
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西安孕育严重的地面沉降及地裂缝灾害,严重制约着城市的现代化发展,本文采用GPS精密定位和InSAR遥感差分技术对西安地面沉降和地裂缝进行变形监测与分析,获取了西安地面沉降与地裂缝整体变形现状的珍贵信息,通过对这些变形信息的研究分析,揭示了西安现今地面沉降与地裂缝时空演化特征和机理：随着停止或限采地下水,西安地面沉降量级由20世纪90年代中期的最大年沉降速率20～30 cm/a减少到不足10 cm/a,且超过60%的沉降区域的年沉降速率已由90年代中期的5~8 cm/a减少到不足2 cm/a;原有的沉降中心大部分已不存在或大大减小;地裂缝在时空活动与分布上与地面沉降存在明显的关联性;地面沉降和地裂缝随着西安高新区的建设向南、西南、东南逐步扩展. 相似文献
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西安地裂缝是一种典型的地质灾害,自首次出现至今已有近半个世纪.基于活动地裂缝造成的形变去相干特征,通过分析滤波后的差分干涉图的伪相干图来提取活动地裂缝的位置信息.采用两幅ERS影像对西安地区1992～1993年间的活动地裂缝进行了定位研究,通过与该时间段工程地质调查的地裂缝位置比较发现二者有很强的一致性.通过该时间段地裂缝水准对点监测资料比较发现活动地裂缝区域易于产生相位解缠粗差,因此在后续采用差分InSAR获取地裂缝不连续形变信息时需要特别注意. 相似文献
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西安地裂缝近期活动与热水井水位关系研究 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
本文根据西安小寨地裂缝与西影井第三系深层热水水位的观测资料,分析了二者变化周期的准同步和相位的滞后性特征,并结合地面沉降速率和周围地震活动性,探讨了地裂缝与第三系深层承压水位之间存在内在联系的原因,以及抽水—地面沉降对地裂缝影响的构造动态调制作用. 相似文献
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西安地裂缝活动多因素影响的GM（1,N）数字模型 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
西安地裂缝受构造控制,人工抽汲地下水产生的地面沉降,承压水位变化和其它随机因素影响使其活动加剧。利用地裂缝活动及相关监测资料,运用灰色系统理论,建立了地裂缝活动多因素影响的动态模型ＧＭ（１,３）、ＧＭ（１,４）,定量评价了各影响因素对地裂缝垂直活动量的贡献,为建立和完善地裂缝防治减灾系统提供科学依据。 相似文献
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为了研究在地铁列车振动荷载情况下盾构隧道-地裂缝-围岩相互耦合作用下的场地灾害效应,从西安地裂缝地质环境和西安地铁2号线的实际工程背景出发,采用相似理论设计了相似比例尺为1∶5的物理模型试验,对盾构隧道、围岩材料、地裂缝等进行了合理设计。基于偏心块的振动原理,课题组自主研发了列车激振器来模拟地铁列车荷载,激振方式采用移动荷载激振方式,分析在不同列车车速和激振频率下地裂缝两侧土体的加速度变化情况,以此来研究地铁隧道-地裂缝-围岩系统在地铁振动荷载作用下的动力响应规律。结果表明,列车振动向下传播时振动衰减的幅度要小于向上传播衰减的幅度,由此为实际工程中减少地铁振动灾害效应技术的发展提供了理论支撑。 相似文献
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本文给出了唐山地区强震动记录应用研究的两个实例,提出了建筑结构采用时程分析时选用强震动记录的原则和方法,通过对唐山地区强震动记录的分析处理,得到了其峰值加速度及加速度反应谱,确定了本地区进行弹性时程分析时选用的强震动记录;研究了局部场地条件对地震动影响的唐山响堂三维强震动观测台阵,以唐山响堂台阵2号测井(地下32m)的基岩强震动作为输入,通过2号测井的土层剖面,利用2个一维土层地震反应分析程序,分别计算得到地表的峰值加速度和加速度反应谱,并把计算结果与同次地震相应的地表强震动记录峰值加速度与加速度反应谱进行了对比分析。 相似文献
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S. T. G. Raghukanth 《Pure and Applied Geophysics》2008,165(9-10):1761-1787
In this paper, ground motion during the Independence Day earthquake of August 15, 1950 (Mw 8.6, Ben-Menahem et al., 1974) in the northeastern part of India is estimated by seismological approaches. A hybrid simulation technique which combines the low frequency ground motion simulated from an analytical source mechanism model with the stochastically simulated high-frequency components is used for obtaining the acceleration time histories. A series of ground motion simulations are carried out to estimate the peak ground acceleration (PGA) and spectral accelerations at important cities and towns in the epicentral region. One sample PGA distribution in the epicentral region encompassing the epicenter is also obtained. It is found that PGA in the epicentral region has exceeded 1 g during this earthquake. The estimated PGA’s are validated to the extent possible using the MMI values. The simulated acceleration time histories can be used for the assessment of important engineering structures in northeastern India. 相似文献
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Tide gauge (TG) data along the northern Mediterranean and Black Sea coasts are compared to the sea-surface height (SSH) anomaly
obtained from ocean altimetry (TOPEX/Poseidon and ERS-1/2) for a period of nine years (1993–2001). The TG measures the SSH
relative to the ground whereas the altimetry does so with respect to the geocentric reference frame; therefore their difference
would be in principle a vertical ground motion of the TG sites, though there are different error sources for this estimate
as is discussed in the paper. In this study we estimate such vertical ground motion, for each TG site, from the slope of the
SSH time series of the (non-seasonal) difference between the TG record and the altimetry measurement at a point closest to
the TG. Where possible, these estimates are further compared with those derived from nearby continuous Global Positioning
System (GPS) data series. These results on vertical ground motion along the Mediterranean and Black Sea coasts provide useful
source data for studying, contrasting, and constraining tectonic models of the region. For example, in the eastern coast of
the Adriatic Sea and in the western coast of Greece, a general subsidence is observed which may be related to the Adriatic
lithosphere subducting beneath the Eurasian plate along the Dinarides fault. 相似文献
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Duhee Park Myung Sagong Dong-Yeop Kwak Chang-Gyun Jeong 《Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering》2009,29(11-12):1417-1424
Various components including wave scattering, wave passage, and site amplification effects cause the ground motion to vary spatially. The spatially varying ground motion can significantly influence the dynamic response of longitudinal structures such as bridges and tunnels. While its effect on bridges has been extensively studied, there is a lack of study on its effect on underground tunnels. This paper develops a new procedure for simulating the tunnel response under spatially varying ground motion. The procedure utilizes the longitudinal displacement profile, which is developed from spatially variable ground motion time histories. The longitudinal displacement profile is used to perform a series of pseudo-static three-dimensional finite-element analyses. Results of the analyses show that the spatially variable ground motion causes longitudinal bending of the tunnel and can induce substantial axial stress on the tunnel lining. The effect can be significant at boundaries at which the properties of the ground change in the longitudinal direction. 相似文献
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This study evaluates the performance of a new intensity measure, referred to as filtered incremental velocity FIV3, which is computed using time-domain features extracted from an acceleration time series and is aimed at the evaluation of structural collapse. This novel approach focuses on the area under a small number of acceleration pulses in the ground motion instead of focusing on the peak response of linear elastic oscillators as in many recently proposed measures of ground motion intensity. FIV3 is developed based on previous research that has highlighted the close relation between the incremental velocity of a ground motion and its potential to induce large inelastic incursions on structures. However, unlike the original definition of incremental velocity which provides a single level of intensity for a ground motion, this new intensity measure is period-dependent and computed as the sum of the three largest incremental velocities obtained from a low-pass filtered ground acceleration time series. Efficiency and sufficiency with respect to several ground motion parameters such as magnitude, source-to-site-distance, spectral shape, scale factor, and duration are carefully evaluated and compared against those computed with some traditional and recently proposed intensity measures using collapse results from a four-story reinforced concrete frame. Results indicate that FIV3 leads to lower variability of collapse estimates and therefore higher efficiency as well as high sufficiency compared with those of other ground motion intensity parameters indicating that this new intensity measure is a promising parameter for structural collapse risk assessment. 相似文献
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This study presents a time-dependent approach for seismic hazard in Tehran and surrounding areas. Hazard is evaluated by combining background seismic activity, and larger earthquakes may emanate from fault segments. Using available historical and paleoseismological data or empirical relation, the recurrence time and maximum magnitude of characteristic earthquakes for the major faults have been explored. The Brownian passage time (BPT) distribution has been used to calculate equivalent fictitious seismicity rate for major faults in the region. To include ground motion uncertainty, a logic tree and five ground motion prediction equations have been selected based on their applicability in the region. Finally, hazard maps have been presented. 相似文献
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一.前言不同场地条件下的强震记录,不仅对开展地震地面运动研究很重要,而且对地震工程和工程抗震等方面的研究也极为重要。但是,由于破坏性地震发生的机率及当前地震预报的水平所限,要取得理想的强震记录很困难,尤其是取得主震的近场记录更为困难。因此利用人工手段模拟天然地震,从而取得强震地面运动的各种资料,是一种比较好的办法。虽然人工地 相似文献
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缺乏地震动加速度记录地区地震动估计的映射法 总被引：17，自引：2，他引：17
本文提出了缺乏地震动加速度记录地区地震动估计的映射法、此法的关键步骤是利用缺乏地震动加速度记录地区Ｂ和已有足够地震动加速度记录地区Ａ的地震烈度衰减关系的映射法，从而求得此两地区的映射地震对，使地震对中的地震所给出的两地区的地震烈度相同。 相似文献
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断层带附近地震动场分布的研究,是当前地震工程领域研究的热点问题之一。近断层地震动场的分布对在断层附近进行抗震结构设计时,不仅是提供地震动输入,也是确定建设场地避让范围的重要依据之一。以区域地震构造背景分析、目标断层活动性鉴定、地震危险性评价为基础,结合断层探测结果,利用统计经验关系等最终确定发震断层,并建立相应的震源模型。采用显式有限元和并行计算技术计算目标区域场地的长周期地震动。利用有限断层随机合成的方法,计算高频地震动。将低频和高频地震动合成为目标区域内的宽频带地震动时程。对局部特殊场地条件地区,基于场地调查和勘探的数据,利用等效线性化等方法进行一维土层的非线性反应计算,给出这些特殊场地的宽频带地震动时程。最后,根据地震动时程获得设定地震发生时,目标区域的峰值加速度分布预测图和相应的反应谱。以长春市为例预测了在设定地震发生时,近断层地震动场的分布情况。当长春尖山子—卡伦断层发生6.0级地震时,潜在破坏性地震动的影响范围集中在附近,沿断层走向分布。加速度峰值沿断层垂直变化,主要为90 Gal～140 Gal。只是在长春市南部加速度峰值达到200 Gal。本研究的预测结果具备断层附近地震动的一些最基本的特征,符合当前对断层附近地震动的基本认识。 相似文献
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On the basis of previous study of the 1679 Sanhe-Pinggu(M8.0) earthquake,the biggest event in history ever recorded in Beijing and its adjacent area,we made a 3-D strong ground motion simulation utilizing the staggered-grid finite differences method to study the distributions of peak ground velocity with different earthquake source models in the Beijing region.In the paper,earthquake source models and a transmission medium velocity model are established and the corresponding parameters are given in accordance to the results from a related previous study.Then,using a three-dimensional finite difference computing program of near-fault strong ground motion developed by Graves,the peak ground velocity caused by a destructive earthquake in the Beijing area is simulated.In our computation model,the earthquake source is 3km in depth,and a total number of 21,679 observation points on the ground surface are figured out.The transmission medium velocity model is composed of four stratums which are the Quaternary deposit,the upper crust,the upper part of the middle crust and the lower part of the middle crust.With the minimum grid spacing of 0.15km,a total of 2.28×106 grids are generated.Using a time step of 0.02 seconds we calculated the peak ground velocity for a duration of 8 seconds.After the analysis of the simulation results,we observed some basic characteristics of near-fault strong ground motion such as the concentration effect of near-fault peak ground velocity,rupture directivity effect,hanging wall effect,and basin effect.The results from our simulation and analysis suggest that the source and transmitting medium parameters in our model are suitable and the finite difference method is applicable to estimate the distribution of strong ground motion in the study region. 相似文献