共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
District-wide drought climatology of the southwest monsoon season over India based on standardized precipitation index (SPI) 总被引：5，自引：1，他引：4
District-wide drought climatology over India for the southwest monsoon season (June–September) has been examined using two
simple drought indices; Percent of Normal Precipitation (PNP) and Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI). The season drought
indices were computed using long times series (1901–2003) of southwest monsoon season rainfall data of 458 districts over
the country. Identification of all India (nation-wide) drought incidences using both PNP and SPI yielded nearly similar results.
However, the district-wide climatology based on PNP was biased by the aridity of the region. Whereas district-wide drought
climatology based on SPI was not biased by aridity. This study shows that SPI is a better drought index than PNP for the district-wide
drought monitoring over the country. SPI is also suitable for examining break and active events in the southwest monsoon rainfall
over the country. The trend analysis of district-wide season (June–September) SPI series showed significant negative trends
over several districts from Chattisgarh, Bihar, Kerala, Jharkhand, Assam and Meghalaya, Uttaranchal, east Madhya Pradesh,
Vidarbha etc., Whereas significant positive trends in the SPI series were observed over several districts from west Uttar
Pradesh, west Madhya Pradesh, South & north Interior Karnataka, Konkan and Goa, Madhya Maharashtra, Tamil Nadu, East Uttar
Pradesh, Punjab, Gujarat etc. 相似文献
2.
The petrological studies on Khadsaliya lignites from Bhavnagar district have been carried out for their microconstituent’s
characterization. Quantitative estimation of macerals reveal, due to high amount of macerals of huminite group, that this
lignite deposits has formed from forest dominated vegetation in a fast subsiding basin, experiencing almost uniform environmental
conditions, with slight intermittent fluctuations. The rank based on Ro max % values indicates that lignites are less mature and have not reached the sub-bituminous stage of coalification as those
of the lignites from Panandhro (Gujarat) and Neyveli (Tamil Nadu) fields. High pyrite content in the Khadsaliya lignite makes
it not much suitable for combustion purpose. 相似文献
3.
S. C. Khosla M. L. Nagori S. R. Jakhar A. S. Rathore 《Journal of the Geological Society of India》2009,73(5):724-732
Except for the east coast of Andhra Pradesh, the Deccan Inter-trappean sedimentary beds of Peninsular India have been long
known to yield non-marine microfauna, mainly ostracods. These have been extensively described from different localities of
Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Karnataka, Andhra Pradesh, Gujarat and Rajasthan states. Occurrence of mixed microfaunal association
of marine, brackish water and non-marine foraminifers and ostracods is being recorded from these beds from Jhilmili, Chhindwara
district, Madhya Pradesh. It comprises at least two or more planktonic foraminifer species, and one brackish water and 17
non-marine ostracod species. The brackish water ostracod, Neocyprideis raoi (Jain, 1978) has been previously recorded in great profusion from the Inter-trappean beds of Duddukuru, West Godavari District,
Andhra Pradesh, which have been assigned Early Palaeocene age (Khosla and Nagori, 2002). Presence of molt stages of the bulk
of non-marine and brackish water ostracods in the Inter-trappean beds of Jhilmili is suggestive that they were inhabitants
of low mesohaline inland pool/lake. The planktonic foraminifers were carried to this pool/lake by a marine transgression probably
from the east coast of India through the Trans Deccan Straits. 相似文献
4.
5.
Wind power has become one of the fastest growing renewable energy. With the large-scale deployment of wind farms in the world, people have started to pay attention to the impact of wind farms on the ecological environment and climate. This paper summarized the impact of wind farms on climate and ecological environment by investigating relevant literature: In the areas of wind farms, on the one hand, the set-up of wind turbines changes original aerodynamic roughness height and strengthens the dragging of the land surface against turbulence, directly affecting the turbulent motion of the boundary layer, resulting in the changes of intensity and pattern of material energy and water vapor exchange between land surface and near-surface atmosphere, further affecting the atmospheric circulation and climate. On the other hand, wind turbines convert the majority of the wind kinetic energy into electric energy, which produces the wake effect of the wind turbine. The budget patterns and spatial and temporal distribution of large-scale kinetic energy in the boundary layer are changed correspondingly, generating changes in various fluxes (heat flux, water vapor flux, etc.) in the atmosphere, which affect temperature, precipitation, and wind speed. Generally, the warming or cooling effect of wind farms on the near-surface is related to the stability of atmosphere. However, simulations in the global climate model showed that the average impact of wind farms on global climate is small, much smaller than the expected changes in greenhouse gas emissions and the interannual changes in natural climate.Wind power emits almost no carbon dioxide and pollutants. Compared with other traditional energy sources, it reduces water consumption but may generate some negative ecological impacts such as animal habitats, bird collisions, and noise, vision impact. However, some measures can be taken to mitigate these adverse effects. 相似文献
6.
Preparation of a generalized chart of probable maximum precipitation (PMP) for the southern half of the Indian peninsula lying between lat. 8°N to 16°N has been attempted in this study. Maximum 1-day rainfall data of 70 to 80 years from 1891 for about 600 stations in the peninsular states of Tamil Nadu, Kerala, South Karnataka and southern portions of Andhra Pradesh were used. In order to get appropriate values of PMP, envelope frequency factor (K m) curve based on the actual rainfall data of the region was prepared. This study has shown that one-day PMP estimates over this region range from about 25 cm to about 85 cm. The heavy rainfall received over the coastal areas of Tamil Nadu in association with the cyclonic disturbance of November 1976 was examined and it was found that this rainfall was nowhere near the PMP estimates for this area. 相似文献
7.
M. Mohapatra G. S. Mandal B. K. Bandyopadhyay Ajit Tyagi U. C. Mohanty 《Natural Hazards》2012,63(3):1601-1620
Hazards associated with tropical cyclones are long-duration rotatory high-velocity winds, very heavy rain and storm tide. India has a coastline of about 7,516?km of which 5,400?km is along the mainland. The entire coast is affected by cyclones with varying frequency and intensity. The India Meteorological Department (IMD) is the nodal government agency that provides weather services related to cyclones in India. However, IMD has not identified cyclone-prone districts following any specific definition though the districts for which cyclone warnings are issued have been identified. On the other hand, for the purpose of better cyclone disaster management in the country, it is necessary to define cyclone proneness and identify cyclone-prone coastal districts. It is also necessary to decide degree of hazard proneness of a district by considering cyclone parameters so that mitigation measures are prioritised. In this context, an attempt has been made to prepare a list of cyclone hazard prone districts by adopting hazard criteria. Out of 96 districts under consideration, 12, 45, 31 and 08 districts are in very high, high, moderate and low categories of proneness, respectively. In general, the coastal districts of West Bengal, Orissa, Andhra Pradesh and Tamil Nadu are more prone and are in the high to very high category. The cyclone hazard proneness factor is very high for the districts of Nellore, East Godawari, and Krishna in Andhra Pradesh; Yanam in Puducherry; Balasore, Bhadrak, Kendrapara and Jagatsinghpur in Orissa; and South and North 24 Parganas, Medinipur and Kolkata in West Bengal. The results give a realistic picture of degree of cyclone hazard proneness of districts, as they represent the frequency and intensity of land falling cyclones along with all other hazards like rainfall, wind and storm surge. The categorisation of districts with degree of proneness also tallies with observed pictures. Therefore, this classification of coastal districts based on hazard may be considered for all the required purposes including coastal zone management and planning. However, the vulnerability of the place has not been taken into consideration. Therefore, composite cyclone risk of a district, which is the product of hazard and vulnerability, needs to be assessed separately through detailed study. 相似文献
8.
HarshGupta 《《幕》》2005,28(1):2-5
The 26th December 2004 earthquake of Mw 9.3 is the second largest earthquake ever to have been recorded.This generated a tsunami which affected several Asian countries. In India, the Andaman & Nicobar group of islands, and coastal states of Tamil Nadu, Andhra Pradesh and Kerala were severely affected. Here, we briefly provide an outline of the approach taken by India for an early warning system for mitigation of oceanogenic disasters. 相似文献
9.
A. D. Rao P. L. N. Murty Indu Jain R. S. Kankara S. K. Dube T. S. Murty 《Natural Hazards》2013,66(3):1431-1441
The devastation due to storm surge flooding caused by extreme wind waves generated by the cyclones is a severe apprehension along the coastal regions of India. In order to coexist with nature’s destructive forces in any vulnerable coastal areas, numerical ocean models are considered today as an essential tool to predict the sea level rise and associated inland extent of flooding that could be generated by a cyclonic storm crossing any coastal stretch. For this purpose, the advanced 2D depth-integrated (ADCIRC-2DDI) circulation model based on finite-element formulation is configured for the simulation of surges and water levels along the east coast of India. The model is integrated using wind stress forcing, representative of 1989, 1996, and 2000 cyclones, which crossed different parts of the east coast of India. Using the long-term inventory of cyclone database, synthesized tracks are deduced for vulnerable coastal districts of Tamil Nadu. Return periods are also computed for the intensity and frequency of cyclones for each coastal district. Considering the importance of Kalpakkam region, extreme water levels are computed based on a 50-year return period data, for the generation of storm surges, induced water levels, and extent of inland inundation. Based on experimental evidence, it is advocated that this region could be inundated/affected by a storm with a threshold pressure drop of 66 hpa. Also it is noticed that the horizontal extent of inland inundation ranges between 1 and 1.5 km associated with the peak surge. Another severe cyclonic storm in Tamil Nadu (November 2000 cyclone), which made landfall approximately 20 km south of Cuddalore, has been chosen to simulate surges and water levels. Two severe cyclonic storms that hit Andhra coast during 1989 and 1996, which made landfall near Kavali and Kakinada, respectively, are also considered and computed run-up heights and associated water levels. The simulations exhibit a good agreement with available observations from the different sources on storm surges and associated inundation caused by these respective storms. It is believed that this study would help the coastal authorities to develop a short- and long-term disaster management, mitigation plan, and emergency response in the event of storm surge flooding. 相似文献
10.
Chung-Chiang Chen 《International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology》2014,11(5):1223-1236
Taiwan’s feed-in tariff (FIT) policy, revised in 2009, sets a goal to increase the installation capacity 6,500–10,000 MW (megawatts) of renewable power systems in 20 years. The purpose of this paper is to examine whether the goal can be achieved or not. This paper presents an overview of FIT policies implemented in some leading countries and their performance of renewable electricity installed capacity and generation. This paper presents two outlook scenarios for Taiwan’s renewable power installation capacity by using Germany as a benchmark after a detailed analysis and discussion on Taiwan’s historical evolution of renewable energies. The Moderate Scenario projects that total cumulative capacity of renewable power systems increases from 5,813.8 MW in 2010 to 7,245.99 MW in 2030, while the Optimistic Scenario estimates the total renewable power capacity will be 11,977.14 MW in 2030. The total increase in the new installation capacity attain to 1,432.19 and 6,163.64 MW for the two scenarios, respectively. 相似文献
11.
E. Annette Hernandez Venkatesh Uddameri Sreeram Singaraju 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2014,71(6):2687-2699
Energy requirements constitute a significant cost in groundwater production and can also add to a large carbon footprint when fossil fuels are used for power. Wind-enabled water production is advantageous as it minimizes air pollution impacts associated with groundwater production and relies on a renewable resource. Also, as groundwater extraction represents a deferrable load (i.e., it can be carried out when energy demands within an area are low), it provides a convenient way to overcome the intermittency issue associated with wind power production. Multiple turbine wind farms are needed to generate large quantities of power needed for large-scale groundwater production. Turbines must be optimally located in these farms to ensure proper propagation of kinetic energy throughout the system. By the same token, well placement must reconcile the competing objectives of minimizing interferences between production wells while ensuring the drawdowns at the property boundary are within acceptable limits. A combined simulation–optimization based model is developed in this study to optimize the combined wind energy and water production systems. The wind farm layout optimization model is solved using a re-sampling strategy, while the well field configuration is obtained using the simulated annealing technique. The utility of the developed model is to study wind-enabled water production in San Patricio County, TX. Sensitivity analysis indicated that identifying optimal placement of turbines is vital to extract maximum wind power. The variability of the wind speeds has a critical impact on the amount of water that can be produced. Innovative technologies such as variable flow pumping devices and aquifer storage recovery must be used to smooth out wind variability. While total groundwater extraction is less sensitive to uncertainty in hydrogeological parameters, improper estimation of aquifer transmissivity and storage characteristics can affect the feasibility of wind-driven groundwater production. 相似文献
12.
The graphite-tungsten deposits under consideration in this study are located in the Burugubanda, Pydiputta, Tapasikonda, Marripalem and Madyaratigudem areas of the East Godavari district of Andhra Pradesh, India. These deposits were formed due to wide spread tectonothermal events associated with the evolution of Eastern Ghats Mobile Belt (EGMB). The graphite deposits of East Godavari district are epigenetic, rhombohedral fluid deposited type and are one of the four deposits of such type reported so far from Srilanka, Spain and England. The graphite deposits were formed due to granodioritic intrusion into the Narsipatnam shear zone, which caused migmatisation of khondalites along with mobilisation and concentration of graphite, as veins and lenses, into the graphite gneisses. The graphite gneisses were subsequently intruded by quartz rich pegmatites that were laden with tungsten mineralisation. The tungsten mineralisation occurs as thin bands, lenses, stringers and vein lets within the quartz matrix and also dispersed in the graphite gneisses. Inclusions of tungsten in graphite indicate that tungsten mineralisation succeeded graphite mineralisation. However, the low P-T phenomenon of tungsten (wolframite-ferberite) mineralisation resulted in low tenor of tungsten ore deposits (WO3: 0.10%). Rare earth elements (REE) are associated with tungsten mineralisation in these areas. During the present study, these graphite-tungsten deposits have been re-examined, in the backdrop of shelving graphite-tungsten projects in these areas. The feed for mineral beneficiation tests was decided on the basis of dispersion of tungsten in quartz and graphite rich fractions of the ore zone. The feed (ROM material) on beneficiation gave recovery of +75% graphite concentrate, tungsten concentrate of consistent chemical grade, besides recovery of sizeable REE concentrate. It also rendered use of unutilised graphite tailing dumps at beneficiation plants, thereby effecting conservation. Thus, the association of tungsten and REE with the entire graphite deposits along with their value addition during beneficiation, as by-product, revived opportunities to restart graphite mining in the Burugubanda, Pydiputta and Tapasikonda areas in particular and East Godavari district, in general, as an economically viable venture. This will initiate opening of graphite mines in other districts of Andhra Pradesh and energise economics of working graphite mines within EGMB, in the states of Jharkhand, Odisha and Tamil Nadu. 相似文献
13.
The study of the Earth's thermal field testifies to the presence of a huge, practically inexhaustible and ecologically pure source of thermal energy in the interior. These geothermal resources are subdivided into petrothermal and hydrothermal varieties representing thermal energy accumulated in rocks and groundwater fluids, respectively. Extraction of thermal energy from hard rocks is as yet at the stage of experiment, whereas the hydrothermal resources are already successfully exploited in many countries supplying electrical and thermal energy. In Russia, geothermal resources are predominantly utilized for space heating in several cities and settlements of the Northern Caucasus and Kamchatka with a total population of 500000. Besides, greenhouses with a total area of 465000 m2 use terrestrial heat in some regions of Russia. The electricity is generated by some geothermal power plants (GeoPP) only in the Kamchatka Peninsula and Kuril Islands. At the present time, the Pauzhetka GeoPP (installed capacity 11 MWe) and Severo-Mutnovka GeoPP (12 MW) are in operation in Kamchatka. Near the latter power plant, the unit (50 MW) was constructed in 2001 and will come into operation in 2002. Moreover, another GeoPP (100 MW) is now in project in the same place. Two small GeoPP are in operation in the Kurils (Kunashir and Iturup islands) with installed capacity of 2.6 and 6 MW, respectively. 相似文献
14.
A buried channel has been located, in the basaltic terrain, near village Shenoli, District Satara, Maharashtra. It is composed of a gritty mass formed of a semi-consolidated material. The resistivity value of the semi-consolidated formation is 6.30 Ohm — m whereas the resistivity values of the vesicular basalts range between 18 and 32 Ohm-m. The specific capacity, unit area specific capacity, specific capacity index, transmissivity and hydraulic conductivity, with respect of the buried channel, are 609.07 LPM/m of drawdown, 12.12 LPM/m3, 95.47 LPM/m2, 353.26 m2/day and 55.37 m/day, respectively whereas the values of these parameters for basalt aquifers range from 67 to 117 LPM/m of drawdown, 0.7 to 4.27 LPM/m3, 14.08 to 31.04 LPM/m2, 33.5 to 73.71 m2/day and 9.44 to 18.32 m/day, respectively. A comparison of the well characteristics and aquifer parameters reveal that the buried channel with semi-consolidated formation has distinctly better groundwater yielding properties. 相似文献
15.
N. Nirupama 《Natural Hazards》2009,48(1):1-9
Following the devastating tsunami of 26 December 2004 in the Indian Ocean, there was a need to give a voice to the affected
population. Hence a survey was conducted in the tsunami-affected regions of India. The tsunami mainly affected the states
of Tamil Nadu, Kerala and Andhra Pradesh and the Union Territory of Pondicherry, all in south India, as well as the Andaman
and Nicobar Islands of India in the Bay of Bengal. For various logistical reasons, no survey was conducted in the Andaman
and Nicobar Islands. The survey was conducted during 21 January to 19 February 2005 and from 1 March to 8 March 2005. A total
of eight people, arranged into four teams, simultaneously conducted the survey based upon a prepared questionnaire comprising
a total of 16 questions. The total number of villages surveyed was 161, and the overall results of the survey are reported
here. Among many observations, capacity building during the construction process, relocation and housing issues and tsunami
education and awareness were prominent. 相似文献
16.
Xiangshui offshore wind power station is located in shore water near Chengang of Jiangsu province. As the pile groups of the wind turbines have complicated engineering characteristics, their design is one of the technical difficulties of the project. Deformation behaviors of the piles foundation of Xiangshui 2MW wind turbine generator system are computed and analyzed under static loads and cyclic wind loads. The results show that deformations of the foundation are allowable; and the deformations due to static loads are comparatively smaller than that under the containing cyclic wind loads condition. With the depth increasing, the horizontal displacement and its influence range decrease; while the maximal vertical settlement is steady and vertical influence range increases. Deformation characteristics of pile-soil system depend not only on the loads combination of the subject, but also on the soil conditions. 相似文献
17.
18.
19.
20.
E. Jafari S. Soleymani B. Mozafari T. Amraee 《International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology》2018,15(10):2169-2182
In profit-based unit commitment, the objective of programming is to maximize profit and optimize generation. Practically, the gross profit depends not only on the revenue but also on the total expenditures. In this article, an efficient algorithm is suggested to assess the effect of uncertainties in determining 24-hour optimal strategy of a microgrid (MG) containing wind farms, photovoltaic, fuel cell, combined heat and power units, boiler, and energy storage devices (ESDs). The optimization problem is presented to determine the optimal points for the energy resources generation and to maximize the expected profit considering demand response (DR) programs and uncertainties. The uncertainties include wind speed, photovoltaic power generation (PVPG), market price, power, and thermal load demand. For modeling uncertainties, an effort has been made to predict uncertainties through the hybrid method of wavelet transform (WT)-artificial neural network (ANN)-imperialist competitive algorithm (ICA). In this study, three cases are assessed to confirm the performance of the proposed method. In the first case study, programing MG is isolated from the grid. In the second case study, which is grid-connected mode the WT-ANN-ICA and WT-ANN uncertainties predictions methods are compered. In the third case, which is grid-connected mode the effect of DR programs on the expected profit of energy resources is assessed. 相似文献