共查询到19条相似文献，搜索用时 140 毫秒
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为研究渗透水pH 值对有机磷通过弱透水黏土层迁移转化的影响规律,采用黏性土层充压渗透装置模拟污染潜水中有机磷渗透通过弱透水层的迁移转化过程。研究发现,有机磷组分通过弱透水层的迁移能力总体较弱,不同pH 值条件下有机磷的矿化率为93. 5% ～ 99. 95%; 在进水pH 值为5. 5 ～ 8. 5 时,进水pH 值越高,土层中磷酸酶的活性也越高,降解转化有机磷的能力也越强; 黏土对有机磷的阻滞能力也增强。进水pH 值为5. 5 时,迁移率为6. 5%; 当pH 达到8. 5 时,矿化率明显增加,迁移率＜ 0. 05%,使其不易渗入深层地下水引起污染。 相似文献
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为了研究酸碱环境对泥质页岩崩解特性的影响,分别对同一风化程度的泥质页岩进行了不同pH溶液中的静态崩解试验和耐崩解试验,得到了pH值变化对泥质页岩崩解的影响规律。结果表明:pH值对泥质页岩的崩解性影响较大,pH值越小的泥质页岩的崩解性越强。崩解物的耐崩解指数随着崩解物粒径减小而增大,随着pH值的减小而减小,酸性条件对泥质页岩耐崩解性的作用效果更明显。 相似文献
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影响咸淡水界面水敏性的几个因素 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
文章通过砂柱的水击试验,对水流速度、盐浓度、pH值对咸淡水界面水敏性的影响进行了研究。试验结果表明,咸淡水界面上存在临界盐浓度值和临界流速值,当入流溶液浓度达到临界盐浓度和流速达到临界流速时,都会产生颗粒释放现象,导致砂柱的渗透率下降,水敏性发生。在相同的盐浓度和进水流速条件下,进水的pH值越低,颗粒释放的速度越慢,释放总量越少;进水的pH值越高,颗粒释放的速度越快,释放总量越多。 相似文献
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Li Xuqian 《吉林大学学报(地球科学版)》1989,(4)
土壤对重金属离子的吸附容量严格受H~+浓度的控制。本文通过试验探讨了H~+ 对Cu~(2+)——Pb~(2+),Cn~(2+)——Zu~(2+),Cu~(2+)——Hg~(2+)系统中Cu~(2+)吸附量的影响规律。当pHpH时,Cu~(2+)吸附量随pH值增大而减小。对于酸性土,pH=6.5(初始值)或7.0(平衡值),对碱性土,pH=5.5(初始值)或7.8(平衡值)。在pHpH_(ZPC)时,吸附模式具有完全不同的形式。 相似文献
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在低渗、低孔隙率页岩气储层压裂改造过程中,压裂液体系的pH值直接影响地层中的造缝、稳缝效果。pH值对阴离子表面活性剂压裂液的粘度、表面张力和页岩膨胀抑制性影响很大。通过改变阴离子表面活性剂的浓度,测定了在不同pH值条件下压裂液体系基本性能的变化。研究表明：SDBS压裂液体系的粘度随着pH值的增加先增大后减小,在pH值=9时达到最大;体系在pH值=5时降低体系表面张力的能力最好;页岩的膨胀量随着pH值的增大逐渐增大,在pH=7时膨胀量最大,且随着pH值的进一步增大,页岩膨胀量先减小后增大,在pH值=9时膨胀量最小;当体系的pH值一定时,SDBS在临界胶束浓度状态能够最大程度抑制页岩的膨胀。从化学微观角度上分析了pH值对SDBS压裂液性能的影响,有利于SDBS压裂液体系配方优化。 相似文献
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刘晶晶查甫生郝爱玲张雪芹崔可锐 《岩土力学》2015,(10):2855-2861
日益严重的环境污染问题导致土壤中的重金属离子越来越多,这不仅使得土的工程性质受到影响,而且有害重金属离子的渗出也会威胁人类的健康。目前常采用水泥固化技术（S/S法）来处理重金属污染土。但当地下水中富含侵蚀性盐离子时,固化后的重金属污染土会受到影响,进而改变其强度及重金属离子的滤出特性。通过系统的室内试验,对水泥固化铬污染土在NaCl溶液浸泡后的强度特性及重金属离子的滤出特性进行了研究。试验结果表明,水泥固化铬污染土的无侧限抗压强度随NaCl溶液浓度的增加而减小,而随浸泡时间的增加呈先减小后增大的趋势,浸泡7d时最小。毒性特征沥滤试验（TCLP）结果显示,浸出液中Cr3＋浓度随NaCl浓度增加而增大,随浸泡时间增加而减小;而浸出液的pH值随NaCl浓度增加而减小,随着浸泡时间的增加呈先减小后增大的趋势,浸泡7d时最小;浸出液的pH值在4.0～5.5范围内时,Cr3＋滤出量随pH值增大而减小。 相似文献
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日益严重的环境污染问题导致土壤中的重金属离子越来越多,这不仅使得土的工程性质受到影响,而且有害重金属离子的渗出也会威胁人类的健康。目前常采用水泥固化技术（S/S法）来处理重金属污染土。但当地下水中富含侵蚀性盐离子时,固化后的重金属污染土会受到影响,进而改变其强度及重金属离子的滤出特性。通过系统的室内试验,对水泥固化铬污染土在NaCl溶液浸泡后的强度特性及重金属离子的滤出特性进行了研究。试验结果表明,水泥固化铬污染土的无侧限抗压强度随NaCl溶液浓度的增加而减小,而随浸泡时间的增加呈先减小后增大的趋势,浸泡7 d时最小。毒性特征沥滤试验（TCLP）结果显示,浸出液中Cr3+浓度随NaCl浓度增加而增大,随浸泡时间增加而减小;而浸出液的pH值随NaCl浓度增加而减小,随着浸泡时间的增加呈先减小后增大的趋势,浸泡7 d时最小;浸出液的pH值在4.0～5.5范围内时,Cr3+滤出量随pH值增大而减小。 相似文献
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Environmental degradation assessment in arid areas: a case study from Basra Province, southern Iraq 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Evaluation of recent land degradation affecting Basra Province, Iraq, resulted in the identification of five prominent environmental degradation processes: desertification, secondary salinization, urbanization, vegetation degradation, and loss of wetlands. This analysis was carried out using ‘3S’ technologies [remote sensing, geographic information system (GIS), and global position system], with the layers extracted and manipulated from available topographic, climatic, and soil maps, as well as satellite image (thematic mapping in 1990 and enhanced thematic mapping in 2003) and field survey data analyses. Rates of conversion were calculated and distribution patterns were mapped with the aid of a GIS. The results revealed that land use changes have affected the wider environment and accelerated land degradation, with severe damage located in southwestern Basra Province representing 28.1 % of the total area. Areas of high to moderate degradation characterize the rest of the south, representing 52.7 % of the total area; while the north of the study region is characterized by very low and low degradation levels accounting for 8.5 and 10.7 %, respectively. Iraq faces serious environmental degradation problems that must be addressed immediately; failure to do so will greatly compound the cost and complexity of later remedial efforts, with environmental degradation beginning even now to pose a major threat to human well-being, especially among the poor. 相似文献
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J. Zeng D. Singh D. D. Laskar S. Chen 《International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology》2013,10(1):165-174
Lignin is one of the major contributing factors toward the recalcitrance of lignocellulosic biomass. Understanding the process of lignin degradation in natural biological processes will provide useful information to develop novel biomass conversion technologies. Functional group changes in the lignin entities during the process may contribute to the cellulose degradation (utilization) by the microorganisms. In this study, compositional and advanced Fourier transform infrared, pyrolysis gas chromatography/mass spectrometry and 13C cross polarization/magic angle spinning nuclear magnetic resonance analysis were performed to explore the mechanism of biodegradation of wheat straw by Streptomyces viridosporus T7A. The results indicated that S. viridosporus T7A removed lignin and hemicelluloses as indicated by the increased carbohydrate/lignin ratio. Significant modification of carbonyl and methoxyl groups in the complex lignin structure was also evident. Most importantly, the quantitative results showed that lignin degradation was featured by deduction of guaiacyl unit. The results provide new insight for understanding lignin degradation by bacteria. 相似文献
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基于遥感技术的贵州春季土壤水分空间分异研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
通过对已建立的土壤水分运动模拟模型的校正,使之适合于喀斯特环境的土壤水分运移,并以遥感和GIS技术为依托,反演出贵州省大尺度下的各陆表参数(如: 地表温度、NDVI、气温、日照时数等) ,进而模拟出贵州省土壤水分运动转化过程,定量描述了喀斯特地区土壤水分变化,并对影响土壤水分变化的相关因子进行相关性分析。结果表明: 贵州春季土壤水分含量均值为0. 23mm /mm,次降雨通过蒸散发和下渗等作用在10天左右的时间之后,土壤水分含量及其增长率接近稳定状态,平均土壤水分变化率为1. 16% ;降水量对土壤水分变化的影响程度较其它的气象因子大,与土壤水分的净相关系数较大,是土壤水分变化的最主要的净影响因子;春季贵州省土壤水分空间分布总体上呈现东南、南部较高,而中部,北部、西部地区较低的分布特征,主要原因之一是中北部地区主要以黄壤或水稻土为主,土壤孔隙较大,漏水较为严重,土壤保水性不强。 相似文献
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Eco-environmental change detection by using remote sensing and GIS techniques: a case study Basrah province, south part of Iraq 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
This study examines the temporal and spatial dynamics of eco-environment degradation processes and change detection as evident from land use survey datasets (1990–2003) for the Basrah province, Iraq was taken as a case. Using a combination of techniques of RS, GIS, and GPS, the study identifies five prominent eco-environment degradation processes, namely: desertification, secondary salinization, urbanization, vegetation degradation, and loss of wetlands. Rates of conversion were calculated and distribution patterns were mapped with the aid of GIS. The results suggest that wind erosion was the dominant cause of eco-environment degradation in more than half of the study area. Coupled with this were increases in salinization processes, affecting 17.6% of the land area in 2003. Overall, severe eco-environment degradation was noticed to be the dominant eco-environment degradation grade (61.9% of total area), followed by moderate eco-environment degradation (18.9% of total area) in 2003. Incorporation of both natural and anthropogenic factors in the analysis provided realistic assessment of the risk of land degradation. The study area, in general, is exposed to a high-risk of eco-environment degradation. 相似文献
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Thermokarst lake is the most visible morphologic landscape developing during the process of permafrost degradation, and it is still an international hot topic in permafrost research. The climate warming, and the consequent degradation of the permafrost on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau aggravate thermokarst lake development. The permafrost is normally considered as an aquiclude, and the permafrost degradation, especially when the permafrost is completely thawed by a thermokarst lake, might influence regional ground water. Therefore, a research program focusing on environmental and hydrological effects of thermokarst lakes in permafrost regions of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau was started and supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China. The work proposed by the application includes: To analysis the spatial and temporal distribution rule of thermokarst lakes in the Qinghai-Tibet Engineering Corridor (QTEC) under the climate change and engineering activities, and to evaluate the ecological environment effects through remote sensing and field investigation; to reveal the main factors influencing a typical thermokarst lake and its hydrothermal condition, and to elucidate the conversion relationship between the thermokarst lake and the groundwater with hydrological and isotope tracer tests; to make an analysis of the influences of different lake stage and size on regional permafrost, hydrological conditions and ecological environment through numerical simulation and statistical modelling, considering the relationships between the thermokarst lake and the ground water level. The research results will help to accurately assess regional permafrost ecological environment evolution and trend prediction, and to reasonably understand the impact factors of the permafrost hydrological evolution and its response mechanism to the ecological environment in the river source regions of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. In this paper, the research status analysis, the main research contents, research objectives and prospects were introduced so as to provide some references for related researchers and engineers. 相似文献
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全球生态系统服务的状况与趋势 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
简要介绍了千年生态系统评估（MA）状况与趋势工作组的报告《生态系统与人类福祉：现状与趋势》中的第2部分，即“对生态系统服务的评估”。该部分主要对全球生态系统服务在20世纪末的总体状况，以及它们在20世纪后半叶的主要变化趋势进行了评估。评估结果表明，在MA明确评估的24项服务中，15项处于下降趋势，约占60%；4项处于上升趋势，约占18%；其余5项（约占22%）存在显著的空间或时间差异，即在有些地区（时段）处于上升趋势，而在另外一些地区（时段）处于下降趋势。这些变化主要表现在：①全球谷类作物和牲畜等方面的生态系统服务已经取得了显著的提高，但同时却对淡水资源和调控害虫等方面的服务造成了巨大的损害；② 按照当前的捕捞速度，野生鱼类资源已经无法承受人类的持续捕捞；③ 许多地区的淡水资源已经不能满足人类和生态系统的需求，如果延续当前的水资源利用模式，供需之间的差距将会继续扩大；④ 在对污染物质进行无害化处理、保持养分平衡、调控自然灾害，以及控制害虫、疾病与入侵生物的爆发等方面，许多生态系统的调节服务已经呈现出明显的下降趋势；⑤作为生态系统提供供给服务、调节服务和文化服务的基础条件，全球生态系统的支持服务出现了复杂的变化趋势。 相似文献
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上边界条件对多年冻土地温场数值模拟结果的影响分析 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
以玛多地区多年冻土为背景,建立多年冻土地温场的数值计算模型,以不同的方式考虑近 60 a 来的气温变化构成不同的上边界条件,通过模型计算分析不同上边界条件下的不同时期温度场、未来冻土退化特征.结果表明：在上边界条件中采用气象站实测近60 a波动温度值和采用近60 a平均恒定值时,浅层冻土地温差异明显,且越浅层地温与越近时间的上边界条件相关.预测未来100 a冻土地温变化趋势发现,相同升温速率和升温初始温度条件下,上边界采用实测60 a波动温度值对冻土退化过程影响较小;升温初始温度值提高到与趋势线衔接后,冻土退化起始时间从约第45年提前到约第20年;60 a实测温度和升温初始温度值均提高到与其初始温度场上边界条件衔接后,冻土退化起始时间从约第20年提前到约第15年;冻土退化从开始到完全退化经历时间为25 a左右. 相似文献
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利用海拉尔河流域内气象站点1974—2006年冻土冻结深度资料和水文站点1974—2008年的径流资料,通过建立冻结深度和径流的关系,研究了区域近30年来冻土变化对径流变化的影响。结果表明:近30年来,海拉尔、坝后和红花尔基水文站1~3月份径流量有13%~20%的增长,牙克石水文站径流量增长不显著。退水曲线由陡峭趋于平滑,冬季2月份径流量与秋季11月份径流量比值呈增大趋势,同期流域冻土的最大冻结深度减小了50 cm左右。这表明海拉尔河流域冬季退水过程有减缓趋势且冻土的退化是导致退水变慢的主要原因。冻土退化的这一水文效应主要是由于:① 随着冻土年内隔水效应减弱,流域内有更多的地表水入渗变成地下水,造成流域地下水储水量加大,导致冬季径流增加; ② 随着春夏季冻土平均厚度的减薄,流域地下水库库容增加,地下水枯季径流补给能力增强,导致流域退水时间延迟;③ 冻土对气候变暖的响应是一个缓慢的过程,因此冻土退化对径流过程的影响也是一个渐变过程。 相似文献