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Zusammenfassung Der neuartige pyrheliometrische Messvorgang nach Prof.K. Wegener wird analysiert. Bei ihm sind gewisse Fehlerquellen anderer Strahlungsmesser vermieden. Jedoch bestehen Bedenken, ob das neue Verfahren die kalorische Sonnenenergie inabsolutem Masse liefern kann.
Summary The new pyrheliometric principle of Prof.K. Wegener has been analyzed. Although some disadvantages of existing radiation meters have been avoided, the measurement of the caloric intensity of solar radiation inabsolute units seems dubious.
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In continuation of a publication on the behaviour of fluorotensides in aqueous solution there were tested four selected fluorotensides, among them a noniononic ethoxylated substance and three anion-active substances, in two different equipment with respect to their biochemical degradability. The BOD5, the potassium permanganate consumption, the dry matter contents and the loss on ignition as well as the dehydrogenase test were used as parameters for judging the degradation behaviour. In all the four cases a high biochemical stability was found, so that they must be classified into the group C “biochemically not degradable or difficult to degrade” in agreement with the results found, according to the water pollutants catalogue.  相似文献   

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Summary The investigation with an electron-microscope of the scales of the fresh water fish,Leuciscus rutilus L., showed that their ventral “smooth” surface scems to be formed like a corrugated plate with a distance between the ridges of 1–2 μ. The dorsal “rough” side of the scales shows a very fine roughness. It is interrupted by pointed combs of the same structure in a regular distance of 16–27 μ. The thickness of these combs is of about 1 μ at their base, their height of about 5–10 μ. It seems probable that the surface of scales is partially covered with laminas of hyalodentine or guanine.

13. Mitteilung siehe diese Zeitschrift,13, 29–30 (1951).  相似文献   

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The separation of heavy metals by complexation with macromolecular water-soluble agents and subsequent ultrafiltration is described. The method can be expected to join common techniques of metal separation like liquid-liquid extraction, adsorption, redox reaction or liquid membrane permeation. Reactions between metal ions and polymer phases are characterized as pH-dependent distribution equilibria illustrated at a propene-maleic acid copolymer as an example. The complexation behaviour of the substance under study is governed by isotherms of the saturation type. Attempts proved to be successful to calculate break-through constants as well as saturation capacities from batch-type studies and dynamic measurements by transferring the laws of adsorption and ion exchange, respectively, to the ultrafiltration process. The quantities of fixed metals amounting to about 2.5 mmol/g were found to be in the range of moderate adsorbents. A solution consisting of 3 solutes has been tested to get more detailed information on mixture behaviour as compared to single component systems. In the long run, the proposed method should provide an additional variant for the extraction and concentration of metal ions from diluted aqueous solutions.  相似文献   

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Die rasch zunehmende Entwicklung, Anwendung und Verbreitung synthetischer chemischer Verbindungen erfordert eine rechtzeitige und wissenschaftlich fundierte hygienische Normierung der potentiellen Umweltschadstoffe. Auf der Suche nach neuen effektiven Methoden wird von Krassovskij et al. ein komplexes Schema zur Normierung von Wasserschadstoffen vorgeschlagen, das vorgestellt und diskutiert wird.  相似文献   

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Wolfgang Krau   《Ocean Dynamics》1957,10(1):13-19
Zusammenfassung Aus dem Zirkulationstheorem von V. Bjerknes wird eine Formel (Seite17, Formel (6)) für die praktische Berechnung von Meeresströmungen abgeleitet, welche über jene von B. Helland-Hansen und J.W. Sandström hinausgeht. Der neuen Formel lä\t sich der Gültigkeitsbereich der alten entnehmen, wenn man die Grö\enordnung der horizontalen Scherung sowie der Divergenzen kennt.
V. Bjerknes' circulation theorem and its application to oceanographic research
Summary From V. Bjerknes' circulation theorem a new formula (see page 17, (6)) is derived allowing practical computations of ocean currents to be made. The new formula surpasses that one given by B. Helland-Hansen and J. W. Sandström. The range of validity of the old formula can be deduced from the new one if the order of magnitude of horizontal shearing as well as that of the divergences are known.

Le théorème de circulation d'après V. Bjerknes et son application à des recherches océanographiques
Résumé On déduit du théorème de circulation d'après V. Bjerknes une nouvelle formule (voir page 17, (6)) permettant le calcul pratique des courants océaniques. Cette nouvelle formule est supérieure à celle présentée par B. Helland-Hansen et J. W. Sandström. La portée de validité de la formule antérieure se laisse dériver de la nouvelle formule lorsqu'on connaÎt l'ordre de magnitude du cisaillement horizontal et celui des divergences.
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In search for a suitable and fast analytical method for assessing kinds of activated carbon for water purification there were carried out investigations with hydrogen peroxide. According to their catalytic activity, the various kinds of activated carbon are capable of decomposing hydrogen peroxide to different degrees and at different rates. The released oxygen can be determined volumetrically. The results of investigation obtained on always fresh carbon samples with acid and basic groups were discussed on the basis of the velocity constants of the oxygen development. An assessment of quality would be possible, in principle, but the surface characteristic of the kinds of carbon is considerably superimposed by influences of morphology, so that applying this method is advised against.  相似文献   

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Summary A table for the North Sea is given containing the Consol position lines radiating from Bushmills and Stavanger. Taking the coordinates of two points of the bearing from the tables according to the number of dots or dashes observed, one can immediately plot a part of the position line near the DR position.

Hierzu Tafel 4–7 mit Tabelle 1–4  相似文献   

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