共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 31 毫秒
1.
通过分离目标反射率、入射角及距离三个因素,利用Weierstrass定理,将激光强度表示成三个因素多项式函数的乘积形式,提出一种新的地面三维激光扫描（terrestrial laser scanning,TLS）激光强度改正模型。利用不同反射率的漫反射目标,设计入射角与距离实验,确定各个多项式的次数及系数,求取改正后激光强度值。实验结果表明,与现有改正模型进行比较,本文模型能精确地对激光强度值进行改正,并可以推广到自然目标强度数据的改正。 相似文献
2.
LiDAR回波强度数据的校正处理可以提升其在地物分类识别方面的利用价值。本文研究发现倾斜地物(如三角形、拱形房顶等)的自身倾角会改变激光反射角进而影响回波强度,而现有归一化校正模型缺乏对地物倾角的计算分析。随后结合LiDAR数据的采集方式和特点,以及倾斜地物的结构特征,提出了一种加入地物倾角计算的改进型归一化校正算法。首先,对激光点的回波强度值进行基于传输距离值的初步校正;然后,以平面距离值、高程、回波强度值差异为参考,判定激光点是否属于同一倾斜地物,若满足条件,则计算出激光点的趋势角,并依据制定的判定规则确定趋势角的正负;最后,将趋势角计算结果与扫描角数值结合计算出对应的反射角,并重新对回波强度值进行计算校正。实验表明,蓝铁皮材质的三角形、拱形房顶的回波强度值范围和均方差缩小,且采集的8种地物样本的回波强度均值的差异性与激光反射率测量结果基本一致,说明该算法能够有效识别具有一定面积且材质均一的倾斜人工地物并计算修正其自身倾角对回波强度带来的影响,从而进一步提高基于回波强度值的地物可分性。 相似文献
3.
利用三维激光扫描技术能够获得真实、准确、详尽的可视化成果,对于文物建筑建档保护工作迈向数字化、信息化具有重要意义,已成为文物建档保护的前沿技术手段。本文结合实际案例归纳了文物建筑扫描的外业注意事项,阐述了内业处理时点云拼接、点云质量检查以及数据管理和存储的方法,探讨了扫描点云总体拼接精度的评价方法,并对扫描数据成果的应用进行了挖掘延伸。 相似文献
4.
Yangrong Ling Manfred Ehlers E. Lynn Usery Marguerite Madden 《ISPRS Journal of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing》2007,61(6):381-392
Existing image fusion techniques such as the intensity–hue–saturation (IHS) transform and principal components analysis (PCA) methods may not be optimal for fusing the new generation commercial high-resolution satellite images such as Ikonos and QuickBird. One problem is color distortion in the fused image, which causes visual changes as well as spectral differences between the original and fused images. In this paper, a fast Fourier transform (FFT)-enhanced IHS method is developed for fusing new generation high-resolution satellite images. This method combines a standard IHS transform with FFT filtering of both the panchromatic image and the intensity component of the original multispectral image. Ikonos and QuickBird data are used to assess the FFT-enhanced IHS transform method. Experimental results indicate that the FFT-enhanced IHS transform method may improve upon the standard IHS transform and the PCA methods in preserving spectral and spatial information. 相似文献
5.
At present, the modelling of terrain edges from discrete data clouds {x,y,z} is one of the ‘hot topics’ in the processing of laser scanning data. This paper proposes two different methods for the three-dimensional modelling of terrain edges. Common to both methods is the idea to describe the terrain edge as the intersection line of two surface patches zi=z(x,y), i=1,2. The first method is based on numerical integration of a differential equation describing the intersection line. The second method uses the snakes algorithm for the identification of the terrain edge. Both methods are tested for synthetic and real-world data examples, which shows that they are suitable for the practical extraction of edges from laser scanning data. 相似文献
6.
地铁主体施工完毕后为了对线路进行调线调坡,需要对地铁隧道进行断面测量,三维激光扫描与常规测量方法相比具有非接触式测量,可高密度采集空间三维点云数据等特点,为地铁断面测量提供了新的途径。本文基于Leica Scanstation 2扫描仪分析了三维激光扫描点云数据采集步骤和数据处理流程,阐述了基于点云数据的地铁断面测量方法,分析了三维激光扫描技术在隧道断面测量中应用的可行性。研究结果表明,这种高密度、高精度的隧道断面能够满足地铁调线调坡等方面的技术要求。 相似文献
7.
Light scattering in fore-optics of imaging radiometric instruments degrades images, the signal of dark pixels is enhanced and that of bright pixels is reduced. A procedure of restoring hemispherical images obtained with a hemispheric view CCD-radiometer is suggested. The circular hemispheric image is projected onto the sphere and Wiener filtering on the sphere is performed. For building the Wiener filter the point spread function of the instrument was measured in the laboratory, and test images of (partially) controlled radiance were measured. The procedure is applied for the correction of hemispherical radiometric images taken under forest canopy. In non-corrected near infrared images the signal of sky pixels in forest canopy gaps near zenith is enhanced 1.4–2.0 times. The applied correction reduces this error to the level of 1.1–1.2. In the red channel these figures are 0.8–0.9 and 0.97–0.99, respectively. 相似文献
8.
影像大气校正精度的关键参数为气溶胶光学厚度,而城区大气条件复杂,对城区TM影像采用统一的大气参数进行大气校正,势必难以获得令人满意的校正精度。因此,本文提出了一种基于MODIS数据和查找表的大气校正算法,首先应用6S模型离线计算建立不同气溶胶光学厚度的大气校正系数查找表,然后基于MODIS数据反演气溶胶光学厚度,最后基于查找表和气溶胶光学厚度数据对长沙城区TM影像进行了逐像元大气校正。结果表明:基于查找表的校正算法与6S模型在线计算算法的校正精度接近,能够较好地进行大气校正;在水体区校正精度最高,而在城区校正精度相对较低。 相似文献
9.
10.
In this paper the development of the technology of the laser scanning is summarized. The principles of laser range scanning are introduced. Based on the laser scanning technology and methods, which are investigated by the authors to survey deposit volume, a surveying system is developed and a practical application is performed. It is shown that the laser-scanning technology has obvious advantages such as measurement precision, automation and visualization of observed data in comparison with the traditional methods. As a result, labor intensity is relieved obviously and work efficiency is promoted. 相似文献
11.
Jan Skaloud Philipp Schaer Yannick Stebler Phillip Tomé 《ISPRS Journal of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing》2010,65(2):208-217
This paper presents a methodology for the precise registering of airborne laser data directly in flight with an accuracy that is sufficient for the majority of derived products, such as digital terrain models. We first present the strategy that integrates GPS/INS/LiDAR data for generating laser point clouds directly in flight and analyzes their accuracy. The latter requires the implementation of a functional covariance propagation on-line for all the system components (i.e. trajectory, laser, system calibration) to which influences of scanning geometry are added at the end of a flight line. The study of scanning geometry necessitates the classification of vegetation and coarse estimation of the terrain normal. This is achieved by a method that we formerly proposed for off-line quality analysis. The second part of the paper focuses on the positioning component. In high resolution scanning performed close to the terrain, the absolute accuracy of the resulting point cloud depends mainly on the quality of the trajectory which is related to the type of GPS solution (e.g. absolute positioning, DGPS, RTK). To reach sub-decimeter accuracy for the point cloud in the real-time, an RTK-GPS solution is needed. This requires the establishment of a communication link for the transmission of GPS corrections (or measurements). We analyze the usability of RTK-GPS/ALS acquired during several flights using different communication methods in the particular context of helicopter based missions. We focus mainly on the exploitation of nation-wide reference GNSS networks and confirm experimentally that the real-time registration of airborne laser data is feasible with sub-decimeter accuracy. Such quality is sufficient not only for a wide range of applications, but it also opens new opportunities for monitoring missions that require a short reaction time. Finally, we concentrate on situations when the phase and code corrections cannot be transmitted, and the quality of the differential carrier-phase positioning needs to be predicted. We validate the previously introduced indicators of positioning quality by simulated degradation of the input data. 相似文献
12.
Bias-corrected rational polynomial coefficients for high accuracy geo-positioning of QuickBird stereo imagery 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Xiaohua Tong Shijie Liu Qihao Weng 《ISPRS Journal of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing》2010,65(2):218-226
The rational function model (RFM) is widely used as an alternative to physical sensor models for 3D ground point determination with high-resolution satellite imagery (HRSI). However, owing to the sensor orientation bias inherent in the vendor-provided rational polynomial coefficients (RPCs), the geo-positioning accuracy obtained from these RPCs is limited. In this paper, the performances of two schemes for orientation bias correction (i.e., RPCs modification and RPCs regeneration) is presented based on one separate-orbit QuickBird stereo image pair in Shanghai, and four cases for bias correction, including shift bias correction, shift and drift bias correction, affine model bias correction and second-order polynomial bias correction, are examined. A 2-step least squares adjustment method is adopted for correction parameter estimation with a comparison with the RPC bundle adjustment method. The experiment results demonstrate that in general the accuracy of the 2-step least squares adjustment method is almost identical to that of the RPC bundle adjustment method. With the shift bias correction method and minimal 1 ground control point (GCP), the modified RPCs improve the accuracy from the original 23 m to 3 m in planimetry and 17 m to 4 m in height. With the shift and drift bias correction method, the regenerated RPCs achieve a further improved positioning accuracy of 0.6 m in planimetry and 1 m in height with minimal 2 well-distributed GCPs. The affine model bias correction yields a geo-positioning accuracy of better than 0.5 m in planimetry and 1 m in height with 3 well-positioned GCPs. Further tests with the second-order polynomial bias correction model indicate the existence of potential high-order error signals in the vendor-provided RPCs, and on condition that an adequate redundancy in GCP number is available, an accuracy of 0.4 m in planimetry and 0.8 m in height is attainable. 相似文献
13.
L&R海空重力仪测量误差综合补偿方法 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
为了削弱各类误差源的影响,提出了一种两阶段误差综合补偿方法:第一阶段采用相关分析法对仪器厂家标定的交叉耦合改正(CC改正)的不足进行修正;第二阶段采用测线网平差对各类剩余误差的综合影响进行补偿。实际观测数据处理结果验证了该方法的有效性和可靠性。 相似文献
14.
RESEARCH ON LASER RANGE SCANNING AND ITS APPLICATION 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
LI Qingquan LI Bijun CHEN Jing 《地球空间信息科学学报》2001,4(1):37-42
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15.
An operational algorithm for computation of terrain correction (or local gravity field modeling) based on application of closed-form solution of the Newton integral in terms of Cartesian coordinates in multi-cylindrical equal-area map projection of the reference ellipsoid is presented. Multi-cylindrical equal-area map projection of the reference ellipsoid has been derived and is described in detail for the first time. Ellipsoidal mass elements with various sizes on the surface of the reference ellipsoid are selected and the gravitational potential and vector of gravitational intensity (i.e. gravitational acceleration) of the mass elements are computed via numerical solution of the Newton integral in terms of geodetic coordinates {,,h}. Four base- edge points of the ellipsoidal mass elements are transformed into a multi-cylindrical equal-area map projection surface to build Cartesian mass elements by associating the height of the corresponding ellipsoidal mass elements to the transformed area elements. Using the closed-form solution of the Newton integral in terms of Cartesian coordinates, the gravitational potential and vector of gravitational intensity of the transformed Cartesian mass elements are computed and compared with those of the numerical solution of the Newton integral for the ellipsoidal mass elements in terms of geodetic coordinates. Numerical tests indicate that the difference between the two computations, i.e. numerical solution of the Newton integral for ellipsoidal mass elements in terms of geodetic coordinates and closed-form solution of the Newton integral in terms of Cartesian coordinates, in a multi-cylindrical equal-area map projection, is less than 1.6×10–8 m2/s2 for a mass element with a cross section area of 10×10 m and a height of 10,000 m. For a mass element with a cross section area of 1×1 km and a height of 10,000 m the difference is less than 1.5×10–4m2/s2. Since 1.5× 10–4 m2/s2 is equivalent to 1.5×10–5m in the vertical direction, it can be concluded that a method for terrain correction (or local gravity field modeling) based on closed-form solution of the Newton integral in terms of Cartesian coordinates of a multi-cylindrical equal-area map projection of the reference ellipsoid has been developed which has the accuracy of terrain correction (or local gravity field modeling) based on the Newton integral in terms of ellipsoidal coordinates.Acknowledgments. This research has been financially supported by the University of Tehran based on grant number 621/4/859. This support is gratefully acknowledged. The authors are also grateful for the comments and corrections made to the initial version of the paper by Dr. S. Petrovic from GFZ Potsdam and the other two anonymous reviewers. Their comments helped to improve the structure of the paper significantly. 相似文献
16.
针对复杂体育场馆外部精细建模在完整性和精度方面存在的问题,本文提出了地面控制、地面激光扫描、无人机建模控制一体化的高精度建模方法。首先应用特制标志建立区域内控制、扫描、无人机高精度一体化坐标系统;其次对地面多站激光扫描点云结合控制坐标进行区域整体平差配准,生成一体化坐标系统下高精度地面点云模型;然后应用无人机数据和控制点生成一体化坐标下的高精度顶部数据;最后融合两种数据生成对象完整高精度精细模型。试验证明,整体平差解算方法可实现多站点云的高精度配准,一体化控制可实现非同源异质数据高精度融合,解决了复杂建筑对象的高精度建模问题,具有很大的实用价值。 相似文献
17.
An Overview of Multi-Reference Station Methods for cm-Level Positioning 总被引：11，自引：2，他引：11
Over the past few years, a significant amount of research has been conducted on the formulation of carrier phase corrections
in order to enhance ambiguity resolution and to increase the distances over which precise positioning can be achieved. Recently
the use of a network of multiple GPS reference stations for generating carrier phase-based corrections has emerged with great
promise for use in real-time environments. However, little research has been conducted on the distribution of these corrections
to potential GPS users located within, and surrounding, the network coverage area. This is an integral part of real-time kinematic
DGPS, and it must be adequately addressed before a practical realization of the multireference station concept is implemented.
The focus of this paper is to present a comprehensive summary of some of the multiple reference station methods, with specific
attention directed toward the correction generation and dissemination processes. More specifically, the various multi-reference
station methodologies have been categorized according to their underlying correction generation framework, but will be discussed
in terms of the correction dissemination options presented by the various authors. The for main categories of methods investigated
in this paper are: (a) partial derivative algorithms, (b) linear interpolation algorithms, (c) condition adjustment algorithms,
and (d) virtual reference station methodologies. ? 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 相似文献
18.
The demand for precise mapping and monitoring of forest resources, such as above ground biomass (AGB), has increased rapidly. National accounting and monitoring of AGB requires regularly updated information based on consistent methods. While remote sensing technologies such as airborne laser scanning (ALS) and digital aerial photogrammetry (DAP) have been shown to deliver the necessary 3D spatial data for AGB mapping, the capacity of repeat acquisition, remotely sensed, vegetation structure data for AGB monitoring has received less attention. Here, we use vegetation height models (VHMs) derived from repeat acquisition DAP data (with ALS terrain correction) to map and monitor woody AGB dynamics across Switzerland over 35 years (1983-2017 inclusive), using a linear least-squares regression approach. We demonstrate a consistent relationship between canopy height derived from DAP and field-based NFI measures of woody AGB across four inventory periods. Over the environmentally heterogeneous area of Switzerland, our models have a comparable predictive performance (R2 = 0.54) to previous work predicting AGB based on ALS metrics. Pearson correlation coefficients between measured and predicted changes in woody AGB over time increased with shorter time gaps (< 2 years) between image capture and field-based measurements, ranging between 0.76 and 0.34. A close temporal match between field surveys and remote sensing data acquisition is thus key to reliable mapping and monitoring of AGB dynamics, especially in areas where forest management and natural disturbances trigger relatively fast canopy dynamics. We show that VHMs derived from repeat DAP capture constitute a cost effective and reliable approach to map and monitor changes in woody AGB at a national extent and can provide an important information source for national carbon accounting and monitoring of ecosystem service provisioning. 相似文献
19.
本文提出一种新的半经验地形校正模型SCEDIL(Simple topographic Correction using Estimation of Diffuse Light),该模型通过结合DEM与光学影像数据寻找局部区域内完全光照和阴影的水平像元,并以光照、阴影水平像元的平均反射率值估算局部区域散射辐射比,提高了陡峭山区影像的地形校正精度。以高分一号卫星和Landsat ETM+影像为例,从目视判读和定量分析两个方面,比较分析该算法与传统半经验地形校正算法(C、SCS+C)的校正结果。结果表明:(1)对较为平坦的地形,SCEDIL和C、SCS+C校正都有较好的目视结果;对地面起伏较大的陡峭地形,C、SCS+C校正后,原阴影区域易呈现破碎化特征,SCEDIL校正后,原阴影区域过渡较为平滑。(2)SCEDIL校正后,各波段反射率的均值和标准差优于C、SCS+C校正,SCEDIL校正后,影像总分类精度与同类地物光谱信息均一性均优于C和SCS+C校正。SCEDIL半经验地形校正方法能有效地去除影像中的地形干扰,尤其对陡峭地形的校正效果,优于常规地形校正模型。 相似文献
20.
Liangzhi You Stanley Wood 《International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation》2005,7(4):310-323
While crop production statistics are reported on a geopolitical – often national – basis, we often need to know, for example, the status of production or productivity within specific sub-regions, watersheds, or agro-ecological zones. Such re-aggregations are typically made using expert judgments or simple area-weighting rules. We describe a new, entropy-based approach to the plausible estimates of the spatial distribution of crop areas. Using this approach tabular crop production statistics are blended judiciously with an array of other secondary data to assess the areas of specific crops within individual ‘pixels’—typically 25–100 km2 in size. The information utilized includes crop production statistics, farming system characterization, satellite-based interpretation of land cover, biophysical crop suitability assessments, and population density. An application is presented in which Brazilian state level production statistics are used to generate pixel level crop area data for eight crops. To validate the spatial allocation we aggregated the pixel estimates to obtain synthetic estimates of municipality level areas in Brazil, and compared those estimates with actual municipality statistics. The approach produced extremely promising results. We then examined the robustness of these results compared to simplified approaches to spatializing crop production statistics and showed that, while computationally intensive, the cross-entropy method does provide more reliable spatial allocations. 相似文献