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1.
新疆西风区黄土与古土壤磁化率变化特点 总被引：26，自引：7，他引：19
在东部季风区的黄土研究中,磁化率是反映季风区气候变化的重要替代性指标之一,但关于中国西风区黄土磁化率的研究至今仍然为空白。通过对新疆典型的西风区——伊犁地区现代土壤和两个典型剖面黄土与古土壤序列磁化率研究发现,两个剖面黄土与古土壤磁化率特征存在差别。地处荒漠草原地带的则克台黄土剖面中马兰黄土的磁化率值略高于弱成壤层,末次间冰期古土壤层的上部磁化率也低于黄土,与东部季风区相比黄土磁化率偏高;而位于草原地带的库尔德能布拉克剖面黄土磁化率为低值,古土壤为高值,表现出与东部季风区类似的变化特点。两个黄土剖面所反映的磁化率的区域差异在一定程度上揭示了气候对磁化率变化的控制作用,但另一方面也反映了该区磁化率物理意义的复杂性。提出虽然在西风区黄土记录研究中不能简单套用东部季风区的方法,但磁化率和碳酸盐含量在西风区可指示湿度变化。 相似文献
2.
江西九江庐山地区JL剖面红土磁化率测试结果表明:1.典型网纹红土的磁化率远小于弱网纹红土和棕黄色黄土-古土壤,数值上,棕黄色黄土-古土壤是网纹红土的2.33倍.剖面各层段频率磁化率均值变化于10.09％～ 13.71％,且与磁化率显著正相关,表明风化成土作用中形成的超顺磁性颗粒对红土磁性增强具有重要贡献.2.湿润气候和土壤渍水的假潜育环境下铁磁性矿物易于分解、转化、淋失,这可能是导致网纹红土磁化率异常偏小的主因.从而在剖面上磁化率与CIA变化趋势相反,两者峰谷波动又基本一致.3.结合ESR年代,JL红土磁化率沿剖面自下而上分为4个波动式增大的阶段,可与早更新世以来季风环流演变过程中的几个重要转折期对应,记录了大尺度内的古环境变化信息.早更新世以来该区环境湿润程度波动式减弱,气候自中更新世以来由湿热向干冷转变. 相似文献
3.
临夏塬堡黄土剖面中晚马兰黄土地层划分和形成时代 总被引：4，自引：5，他引：4
通过对位于黄土高原西部区临夏塬堡中晚马兰黄土剖面地层岩性、代用指标及地层年代学的分析研究．认为该研究剖面存在1个强成壤层和6个弱成壤层．记录了1个间冰期6个间冰段和7个冰段事件。其中马兰黄土中部3层古土壤是末次冰期间冰段的记录，尤以下层古土壤发育最好，上层次之，中部古土壤的发育介于二者之间，表明即便是气候较温湿的间冰段．其气候的温湿程度也是有差异的。色度指标中的亮度不仅可参与地层划分．与CaCOx、频率磁化率有很好的相关关系，而且是一个可靠的、更为敏感的气候环境变化代用指标。 相似文献
4.
西安地区第三层古土壤研究 总被引：6，自引：3，他引：3
野外观察发现,陕西西安地区的第三层古土壤是由3层构成的复合古土壤。通过对长安双竹村剖面及蓝田段家坡剖面的地层结构、磁化率、颗粒成分以及有机质含量的分析,可以把形成第三层古土壤的中更新世时段(330~272 ka B.P.)分为6个温湿、冷干阶段,构成为3个气候变化旋回。 相似文献
5.
对汉江上游郧县段一级阶地上典型古洪水滞流沉积物、古土壤和黄土3 种不同沉积物的宏观特征、粒度成分、理化性质、微观形态及地球化学元素进行了综合分析对比.结果表明,研究剖面中的古洪水滞流沉积物呈灰黄色(2.5YR7/2),与上下相邻地层往往呈突变关系且界线清晰;粒度组成总体较粗,粉砂质细砂土,分选较好;磁化率稍高于马兰黄土,但显著低于古土壤;烧失量平均值低于黄土和古土壤;石英颗粒表面分布有水下环境机械相撞形成的V形坑;元素的含量及UCC标准化曲线均与黄土和古土壤差异明显.与渭河谷地相比,汉江上游谷地古洪水滞流沉积物具有粒度组成偏粗、分选性稍差的特点.该研究成果对汉江上游谷地古洪水滞流沉积物的鉴别和古洪水水文参数的重建具有重要意义. 相似文献
6.
《亚热带资源与环境学报》2016,(2)
运用野外形态观察、元素地球化学和磁学相结合的方法对新近发现的甘肃东部地区晚泥盆世古土壤剖面进行了辨识和分析,从而得出:1)该套地层中残留有原土壤发生过程的痕迹,如根迹、浅褐色晕圈状根迹,原生石膏层,红色古土壤层内富含成壤钙结核及结核层。同时,可见圆顶柱状结构、次棱角块状结构等古土壤特有的结构类型,这些特征表明该套地层为古土壤。2)古土壤发生层次明显。可识别出红色淀积层(B层)和灰绿色母质层(C层)。B层磁化率向上增强,常量及微量元素Al_2O_3、Fe_2O_3、K_2O、Sr含量及Al_2O_3/SiO_2比值向下减少,Zr、Ti向下富集,以及风化指数CIA向下增加。磁化率及元素含量和比值特征反映了B层古土壤的风化成壤程度向下增强。3)依据发生学特征初步判断古土壤的类型主要为始成土、旱成土和变性土,反映了当时较干旱的气候条件。晚泥盆世沉积地层中古土壤层的发现对指示重大地质事件和研究环境变化方面有着重要的地学意义。 相似文献
7.
8.
青藏高原东缘山地古冰川沉积物磁化率特点及其影响因素分析 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
湖泊、黄土与古土壤、深海沉积物等连续沉积体的磁化率变化作为环境变化的替代性指标被广泛应用,然而对于非连续、能够反映特定时段气候变化的沉积体,如冰川沉积物的磁化率却较少涉及.本文通过对青藏高原东缘8 个典型冰川发育山地冰碛物磁化率进行研究,并与黄土、湖泊、深海沉积物以及不同区域的表土磁化率进行对比,采用质量磁化率和频率磁化率探讨冰碛物的磁化率特点及其影响因素.结果表明：青藏高原东缘山地的冰碛物质量磁化率呈宽幅波动,介于(3.01~1808.80)×10-8 m3·kg-1,平均值147.84×10-8 m3·kg-1;频率磁化率值较低、且波动幅度小,介于0~6.89%,平均值为1.37%.不同时空条件下冰碛物的磁化率特点不同,即不同地点同一冰期磁化率的差异显著;同一地点不同冰期冰碛物的磁化率变化不明显.影响冰碛物磁化率的主导因素是母岩的岩性条件,气候因素起次要作用. 相似文献
9.
通过对青海官亭盆地详细的野外考察,在民和县喇家遗址北部发现了典型的全新世中期风成黄土古土壤剖面。经过详细的野外考察、系统采样和地球化学元素分析、粒度、磁化率等指标测定,从剖面中初步鉴别出两组红粘土质泥流沉积层(RC_1、RC_2),分别记录了发生在3850 a B.P.至3600 a B.P.期间的两场大型泥流事件。该研究主要对剖面中两层红色粘土质泥流沉积层与古土壤层以及岗沟源区沉积物的地球化学性质进行对比研究。结果表明:(1)两层红粘土层均为喇家遗址后山沟源区域的暴雨山洪泥流堆积物,粘土质细粉沙质地,层次混乱,随古地面地形起伏变化,含沙石、黄土团块、陶片和木炭屑等。(2)单个泥流堆积层中,元素含量变化剧烈且有极值出现,这是多次暴雨泥流间歇性发生的有力证据。(3)两层红色粘土层与岗沟源区第三纪红粘土的理化特征都极为相近,据此,可推断出该剖面中两层红粘土层均源自北侧谷坡大红山(第三纪红色粘土)地区的大规模暴雨山洪泥流。这些研究成果对于深入理解黄河上游地区史前环境变化及其产生的自然灾害、人类活动之间的关系具有重大的科学价值。 相似文献
10.
甜水沟全新世黄土-古土壤序列风化程度及意义 总被引：4，自引：2，他引：2
对大荔人遗址的甜水沟剖面(TSG)全新世黄土-古土壤序列中常量元素含量、磁化率和Rb/Sr比值进行了研究和比对。结果表明:在TSG剖面发育过程中,Ca、Mg、Na表现为迁移淋失,Si、K呈现弱富集特征,Fe的迁移不明显;磁化率、钾钠比、硅铝铁率、SiO2/(MgO+CaO)(、CaO+K2O+Na2O)/Al2O3的分布随地层的变化而同步变化。上述变化指示古土壤S0形成时期,化学风化程度强烈和气候温暖湿润,黄土L0和Lt堆积时期,风化成壤作用较弱和气候相对干旱,而全新世晚期可能曾出现过一次较为暖湿的次级气候变化。 相似文献
11.
Fahu Chen Jianbao Liu Qinghai Xu Yuecong Li Jianhui Chen Haitao Wei Qingsong Liu Zongli Wang Xianyong Cao Shengrui Zhang 《Journal of Paleolimnology》2013,49(3):447-464
Environmental magnetic studies were conducted on a 9.42-m-long sediment core from Gonghai Lake, North China. Radiocarbon dating indicates that the record spans the last 15,000 cal year BP. The principal magnetic mineral in the sediments is pseudo-single domain magnetite of detrital origin with minimal post-depositional alteration. Although the variations in the concentration of detrital magnetic minerals and their grain size throughout the core reflect inputs from both soil erosion and eolian dust, it is shown that their climatic and environmental significance changes with time. In the lowermost part of the core, ~15,000–11,500 cal year BP, the magnetic minerals were supplied mainly by bedrock erosion, soil erosion and dust input when climate ameliorated after the cold and dusty last glacial maximum. The increasing magnetic susceptibility (χ) in this interval may indicate a combination of changes in the lake environment together with catchment-surface stabilization and a decreasing proportion of dust input. In the central part of the core, ~11,500–1,000 cal year BP, the detrital magnetic minerals mainly originated from dust inputs from outside the catchment when the lake catchment was covered by forest, and catchment-derived sediment supply (and thus the lake sediment accumulation rate) were minimal. The generally low concentration of magnetic minerals in this part of the core reflects the highest degree of soil stability and the strongest summer monsoon during the Holocene. In the uppermost part of the core, the last ~1,000 years, detrital magnetic minerals mainly originated from erosion of catchment soils when the vegetation cover was sparse and the sediment accumulation rates were high. Within this part of the core the high magnetic susceptibility reflects strong pedogenesis in the lake catchment, and thus a strong summer monsoon. This scenario is similar to that recorded in loess profiles. Overall, the results document three main stages of summer monsoon history with abrupt shifts from one stage to another: an increasing and variable summer monsoon during the last deglacial, a generally strong summer monsoon in the early and middle Holocene and a weak summer monsoon in the late Holocene. The results also suggest that different interpretational models may need to be applied to lake sediment magnetic mineral assemblages corresponding to different stages of environmental evolution. 相似文献
12.
山东长岛黄土沉积物的磁性与碳酸盐特征及其环境意义初探 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
通过对长岛沉积物采样和磁性测试,分析和讨论了长岛黄土沉积物的磁性特征:该剖面磁性矿物的含量并不是很高,且以亚铁磁性矿物为主,磁性矿物的粒度主要以细粒为主,亚铁磁性矿物的变化在沉积物磁性变化中占主导地位.通过对沉积物磁性特征和碳酸盐特征的对比发现:该剖面沉积物磁化率和碳酸盐具有很好的对应关系,并且明显表现出4个阶段的主要变化,对应了暖湿和冷干的气候旋回.根据沉积物的磁化率与古气候环境的内在联系,结合碳酸盐含量变化情况,对该地区风成沉积物的物源变迁及环境演变也进行了初步探讨和分析. 相似文献
13.
内蒙古黄旗海湖泊沉积物磁化率特征及其环境意义 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
黄旗海H3剖面是14C测年8.0~2.0 ka BP高湖面时的粉砂质湖相沉积。对H3剖面的全样、77~20 um、20 um三个粒级的磁化率和Ti、Zr元素含量进行了测试,研究结果表明:作为气候环境代用指标,磁化率和Ti、Zr元素含量在20μm粒级样品中具有相同的指示意义。因此,在利用磁化率和地球化学元素作为气候环境代用指标时应当将样品分成不同粒级测试其含量变化,并从中寻找能够反映气候环境变化的真实信息。磁化率参数可以作为反映环境变化的代用指标,两者间有很好的相关关系,湖泊沉积中,高(低)磁化率指示干燥(湿润)的气候,较低(高)的湖面。黄旗海由磁化率反映的事件可以与北大西洋全新世突发气候事件对比,也可以和若尔盖高原泥炭记录的全新世气候事件对比,可能反映了内蒙古高原中南部、青藏高原和北大西洋地区气候变化的内在联系。 相似文献
14.
重庆北碚中梁山土壤发育过程中粒度与磁化率关系探究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
以中梁山黄壤、石灰土与紫色土剖面为研究对象,分别对其进行粒度相关参数与质量磁化率和频率磁化率的测定,对二者之间的关系进行分析,得出以下结论:3种土壤的总体磁化率较低,频率磁化率所反映的过渡性稳定单畴与超顺磁颗粒对每个剖面上的磁性贡献不一,且对风化成壤程度具有指示作用,说明了3个剖面中黄壤发育较成熟,最差是紫色土;相关性分析表明:石灰土中各参数之间的相关性不显著,因此频率磁化率、质量磁化率不能作为反映气候变化的指标,而在黄壤中由于频率磁化率与标准差的相关性显著,质量磁化率与偏度相关性显著,紫色土中质量磁化率与砂粒级含量相关性显著,可以建立线性回归方程,南方地区黄壤的频率磁化率、质量磁化率以及紫色土的质量磁化率可以在一定程度上作为衡量气候变化的指标。 相似文献
15.
晚更新世以来黄土高原地区古季风的时空演化 总被引：5，自引：3，他引：2
通过对黄土高原不同地区黄土-古土壤序列、磁化率、粒度、同位素等的对比,认为黄土高原在末次间冰期有3次东亚季风环境效应突出的时期,分别距今130~116ka、116~94ka和84~74ka。季风锋面深入到榆林以北的地区。末次冰期有3次西北季风环境效应突出的时期,分别距今75~60ka,45~30ka和20~10ka,季风锋面推到长江流域,沙漠边界南移到定边与榆林之间。期间西北季风效应减弱,东亚季风锋面推进到吴堡与定边-米脂之间。全新世以来,东亚季风环境效应不断增强,在全新世中期达到最强,季风锋面推进到榆林以北地区。 相似文献
16.
Experiments involving the gradual drying out of controlled mixtures of soil and organic lake sediment during storage at room temperature show that this leads to a loss of magnetic susceptibility and isothermal remanence greatly in excess of the initial values for the sediment components of the mixtures. We conclude that during storage in the moist state, soil-derived, fine-grained, ferrimagnetic iron oxides (magnetite and/or maghemite) are transformed to paramagnetic and/or imperfect antiferrimagnetic minerals. The imperfect anti-ferromagnetic component of the initial mixtures, which probably includes goethite, appears to survive and may even increase during storage. The experimental results compare well with the previously documented effects of storing wet sediment from the site, Peckforton Mere, Cheshire, U.K., over a comparable time interval. We conclude that transformation of fine grained ferrimagnets during storage diagenesis may be responsible for many of the examples of loss of magnetic susceptibility and remanence attributed by other authors solely to the oxidation of an iron sulphide such as greigite. Only where greigite is positively identified is it valid to infer a contribution from it to the magnetic properties of lake sediments: loss of susceptibility or remanence during storage is not alone a sufficient basis for such an inference. Early drying of samples will normally avoid the effects of storage diagenesis; and recent sediment samples so treated will, where greigite formation, bacterial magnetite and magnetite dissolution are insignificant, provide a valid basis for source identification on the basis of magnetic properties. 相似文献
17.
Hongya Wang Yuying Huo Lingyun Zeng Xiouqin Wu Yunlong Cai 《Journal of Paleolimnology》2008,40(3):897-921
Shibanqiao Reservoir (25°56′56.5′′ N, 105°26′44.5′′ E and ∼1400 m a.s.l.), southwest Guizhou Plateau, SW China, was built
in 1958. It lies in an area of sub-tropical monsoon humid climate in a carbonate-rock-dominated catchment of 6 km2. Two sediment cores (24 and 23 cm long) were retrieved from the reservoir, and four soil profiles were sampled in the catchment.
Mineral magnetism was measured on all sediment and soil samples. Soil and sediment magnetic measurements together with analyses
of sediment 137Cs activity, particle-size, TOC, and C/N revealed changes in soil erosion between 1960 and 2002. During some phases, erosion
(probably as splashing and/or sheeting) was relatively low and tended to take place only in the topsoil as indicated by high
ARM/SIRM of the sediments. During other phases, erosion (probably as rilling and/or initial gullying) was relatively intense
and thus disturbed the deeper soils, as expressed by high IRM−100mT/SIRM. Most of the changes in relative intensity of erosion can be ascribed to fluctuations in precipitation. Changes in land
use/land cover or human activities may account, in part, for changes in soil erosion inferred for four more roughly identified
periods. 相似文献
18.
François Michaud Hermes U. Ramírez-Sánchez Claude Parron Pedro F. Zárate-del Valle François Fernex Geneviève Barci-Funel 《Journal of Paleolimnology》2006,35(4):819-836
Lake Chapala, located 120 km northeast of Colima Volcano, lies at the north and northeast of the Citala rift in the Trans-Mexican
Volcanic Belt. It belongs to the watershed of the Lerma River, which originates from the Mexico City area, 450 km to the east.
Sediment cores, 0.5–2 m long, were collected from the lake. Magnetic susceptibility of the lake sediments generally ranges
from 400 to 800 × 10−9 m3 kg−1; but in some layers it exceeds 1000 or 1500 × 10−9 m3 kg−1. The magnetic susceptibility vertical profiles display a thin peak (2–5 cm) or a double peak with magnetic susceptibility
> 2000 × 10−9 m3 kg−1. Scanning electron microscope analysis shows that the main mineral responsible for the magnetic susceptibility is titano-magnetite,
which is relatively abundant in the magnetic layers. In most of the cores, the layer with magnetic susceptibility > 2000 ×
10−9 m3 kg−1 is coarser grained than the directly under and overlying sediments, which are composed of fine silt. But not all coarser
levels are magnetic nor are all magnetic levels bound to coarser layers. The high titano-magnetic concentration probably originates
from volcanic ash falls. Sedimentation rates, evaluated for several sites by means of the 210Pb and 137Cs methods, allow a date approximation (between 1535 and 1670) for the strong magnetic layer deposition. Since important eruptions
of Colima Volcano, with ash fall, were reported from 1576 to 1623, the main peak of magnetic susceptibility in the sediment
profiles is assumed to be related to these events. The main magnetic layer extends to greater depth in the profiles of the
eastern part of the lake plain than at the west. It can, therefore, be suggested that a relative subsidence occurs in the
eastern part of the lake; the axis of the eastern plain overlaps the area displaying the maximum subsidence rate and seems
therefore to correspond to the prolongation of Citala rift. 相似文献