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1.
The Chemical Nature of Phosphorus in Subtropical Lake Sediments   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
The phosphorus (P) composition of sediment profiles in three subtropical lakes of contrasting trophic state in Florida, USA, was determined by sequential fractionation and solution 31P NMR spectroscopy. Sediment from Lake Annie, an oligo-mesotrophic sinkhole with moderately acidic sediment (pH 5.4; loss on ignition 58 %), contained higher total P concentrations than sediment from eutrophic Lake Okeechobee (pH 7.7, loss on ignition 36 %) and hyper-eutrophic Lake Apopka (pH 7.5, loss on ignition 69 %). The chemical nature of sediment P varied markedly among the three lakes, suggesting the predominance of different diagenetic processes. Lake Okeechobee sediment was dominated by inorganic P, indicating the dominance of abiotic reactions; Lake Annie sediment contained abundant organic P throughout the sediment profile, indicating the importance of organic P stabilization at acidic pH; Lake Apopka contained almost half of its sediment P in microbial biomass, indicating the importance of biotic processes in regulating P dynamics. Solution 31P NMR spectroscopy of NaOH–EDTA extracts revealed that organic P occurred mainly as phosphomonoesters in all lakes. However, sediment from Lake Apopka also contained abundant phosphodiesters and was the only lake to contain detectable concentrations of polyphosphate, perhaps due to a combination of alternating redox conditions and high concentrations of inorganic phosphate and organic carbon. Organic P concentrations determined by sequential fractionation and solution 31P NMR spectroscopy were similar for all lakes when microbial P was included in values for sequential fractionation. We conclude that the chemical nature of sediment P varies markedly depending on trophic state and can provide important information on the dominant processes controlling P cycling in subtropical lakes.  相似文献   

2.
On the basic of selective extractions, loosely sorbed phosphorus (ADS-P) has been shown to constitute much of the total phosphorus in the P-rich near-surface sediments of Lake Søbygaard, Denmark. The concentrations of ADS-P are seasonally variable, ranging from 0.2 mg Pg?1 DW in the winter to more than 2 mg Pg?1 DW in the summer. The variations can be observed as deep as 10 cm into the sediment but are most pronounced in the upper few centimeters. During the summer, lake and pore water pH levels are very high, and photosynthetic activity causes elevation to pH 10–11 in the lake. Laboratory experiments demonstrated a strong association between ADS-P and high pore water pH. It is likely that Lake Søbygaard represents an extreme example of pH control on sediment/water phosphorus equilibria in which high concentrations of internal ADS-P contribute significantly to the total P load of the Lake.  相似文献   

3.
Climatic changes and anthropogenic activities could affect nutrients?? status significantly in the different lake ecosystems. Nutrients in Lake Hulun and Lake Taihu, two largest shallow cyanobacteria-blooming lakes in northern and southern China, respectively, were at eutrophicated levels in 2009. The concentrations of total nitrogen and total phosphorus were 3.346 and 2.250?mg/L as well as 0.435 and 0.062?mg/L, respectively, in these two lakes with different causes of eutrophication. For Lake Hulun, it was the decreased amount of water as a result of the warming and drying climate that accounted for the abrupt increase of total nitrogen and total phosphorus levels through inspissation. In addition, the icebound effects, no outflows, low nutrients sequestration by the sediment and the reduction of aquatic productivity made the situation even worse. On the contrary, high population densities, the rapid development of agriculture and industry as well as urbanization have increased the nitrogen and phosphorus loads on Lake Taihu. Therefore, higher criteria of total nitrogen and total phosphorus should be applied in Lake Hulun given the difficulties in controlling climatic changes while much more rigorous standards should be established for Lake Taihu since the anthropogenic impacts on nutrient status are relatively easy to control.  相似文献   

4.
彭勤文 《水科学进展》2006,17(1):113-115
考虑湖泊中影响总磷沉积过程的众多生态因子的变化过程,假定湖泊中总磷沉积过程由标准布朗运动驱动,建立了一个总磷浓度的随机扩散方程,推广确定性富营养化Vollenweider水质模型为随机扩散模型,获得了总磷浓度过程的解析解,进而求出了总磷浓度过程的均值和方差,指出了一种依据沉积系数调控湖泊中总磷浓度的方法。模型被应用于巢湖总磷浓度过程的模拟。  相似文献   

5.
浅水湖泊沉积物中磷的地球化学特征   总被引：82，自引：2，他引：82       下载免费PDF全文
对太湖不同污染状况和生态系统状况的湖区沉积物中磷的地球化学形态及其分布进行了研究。结果发现,沉积物的理化性质和磷的化学形态一般都在表层下深5～15cm发生明显的转折;草型湖区、藻型湖区、开阔湖面的大湖区沉积物的理化性质、间隙水中的磷浓度及沉积物中磷的形态存在较大的差异。东太湖沉积物间隙水磷浓度和交换态磷含量都显著低于其他湖区;风浪扰动相对剧烈的开阔湖面湖区沉积物中磷的沉积规律也不同于梅梁湾藻型湖区和东太湖草型湖区。研究表明,浅水湖泊中水生生物状况、风浪扰动状况对沉积物中磷的地球化学行为有至关重要的影响。  相似文献   

6.
Hydrogeochemical data from lake, sediment pore, and well waters were used to quantify groundwater seepage and the associated transport of phosphorus to Lake Persimmon, Florida, USA. The data show that lake chloride concentrations vary as a function of lake elevations that are controlled by groundwater inflow. A whole-lake average seepage rate, estimated using a simple one dimensional advection-diffusion model fitted to the lake chloride profile, currently averages 2.3 ± 0.3 cm yr-1 and is in reasonable agreement with the rate of advective flow obtained from the pore water chloride profile. The ratios of nutrient regeneration versus sulfate consumption indicate that the phosphorus enrichment in deeper portions of sediment pore water is most likely a result of groundwater phosphorus transport through sediment. Thus, the net inputs of groundwater phosphorus to the lake, calculated using the deep pore water phosphorus concentration, are about 7.4 ± 4.3 mg P m-2 yr-1 and comparable with recent in situ estimates from seepage meters. This study provides a simple hydrogeochemical method for estimating hydrologic and phosphorus inputs via groundwater to the lake, thereby supporting current efforts for lake management.  相似文献   

7.
There were many differences between rivers and lakes such as flow velocity, hydraulic retention time, water vegetation community and other chemical-physical factors that may lead to different characteristics of sedimentary phosphorus. In our research, sedimentary phosphorus fractions and its phosphorus adsorption differences between the lower Nansi Lake and its main inflow rivers were compared. The results showed that the contents of NaOH-P, Org-P, IP-P, and TP in lake sediments were obviously higher than those in its inflow river sediments while HCl-P had no obvious difference between them. Based on analysis, the unstable NaOH-P would accumulate in lake sediments, while it is difficult for it to retain in sediments of rivers because of a high frequency of flood flows and unstable bed sediments. In addition, water vegetation communities were helpful in the accumulation of Org-P in lake sediments. From phosphorus adsorption experiments results, the Ceqc (equilibrium concentration of phosphorus release/adsorption) of lake sediments was higher than that of river sediments. It was indicated that sedimentary phosphorus would be more easily released from lake sediments than river sediments. So in future more work should be focused on internal P loading from lake sediments release.  相似文献   

8.
The picturesque Nainital Lake, in the Uttarakhand state of India, is one of the major tourist attractions in the northern part of India. The increasing tourism and population around these lakes are a major concern for the ecology and good sustenance of the lakes. The present study is aimed to understand the behaviour of nutrients and metals in the sediment and their association with chemical forms in the lake. The study was accomplished by studying the water, interstitial water and sediments for major oxides, nutrients and metals in the lake. The different chemical forms of phosphorus and metals in the sediments were done using sequential extraction procedures. The water chemistry (Ca + Mg:Na + K) and the sediment chemistry (CIA and Al2O3/K2O) show that the rocks in the catchment area play an important role in the geochemistry of the lake. The metals in the water also show that the Tallital basin is more polluted than the Mallital basin, may be due to the influence of Bus station. The high concentration of chloride, NH4, SO4 and metals in the sediment water interface and the interstitial water shows denitrification, sulfidisation and sulfide oxidation in the anoxic bottom water. The sediment composition shows that the phosphorus in the water is sequestered as carbonate flour apatite, and the metals precipitate as carbonate. The geo- accumulation index shows that the metals zinc, cobalt and nickel show moderate polluted nature than other metals. In general, the lake is less affected by anthropogenic activities. The chemical processes undergoing within the lake, like sulfidisation and sulfide oxidation, oxide dissolution and denitrification and organic matter degradation play an important role in the remobilization of the metals from the lake sediments.  相似文献   

9.
We revise the conceptual model of calcite varves and present, for the first time, a dual lake monitoring study in two alkaline lakes providing new insights into the seasonal sedimentation processes forming these varves. The study lakes, Tiefer See in NE Germany and Czechowskie in N Poland, have distinct morphology and bathymetry, and therefore, they are ideal to decipher local effects on seasonal deposition. The monitoring setup in both lakes is largely identical and includes instrumental observation of (i) meteorological parameters, (ii) chemical profiling of the lake water column including water sampling, and (iii) sediment trapping at both bi-weekly and monthly intervals. We then compare our monitoring data with varve micro-facies in the sediment record. One main finding is that calcite varves form complex laminae triplets rather than simple couplets as commonly thought. Sedimentation of varve sub-layers in both lakes is largely dependent on the lake mixing dynamics and results from the same seasonality, commencing with diatom blooms in spring turning into a pulse of calcite precipitation in summer and terminating with a re-suspension layer in autumn and winter, composed of calcite patches, plant fragments and benthic diatoms. Despite the common seasonal cycle, the share of each of these depositional phases in the total annual sediment yield is different between the lakes. In Lake Tiefer See calcite sedimentation has the highest yields, whereas in Lake Czechowskie, the so far underestimated re-suspension sub-layer dominates the sediment accumulation. Even in undisturbed varved sediments, re-suspended material becomes integrated in the sediment fabric and makes up an important share of calcite varves. Thus, while the biogeochemical lake cycle defines the varves’ autochthonous components and micro-facies, the physical setting plays an important role in determining the varve sub-layers’ proportion.  相似文献   

10.
Dianchi Lake is a eutrophic lake in southwestern China. Sediment and the bottom water samples were taken from six sites in the east, west, south, north and center of the lake, respectively, in December 2002. Total phosphorus (TP) concentrations in sediments were high and reached a maximum value of 6.66 g/kg. There was a soluble reactive phosphorus (SRP) concentration gradient at the sediment–water interface. In the present study, sediment P was divided into loosely adsorbed P (NH4Cl-P), redox-sensitive P (BD-P), metal oxides bound P (NaOH-P), calcium bound P (HCl-P), and organic P (Org-P). At three of the six sites selected, the concentrations of different P forms in sediments followed the order: NaOH-P, Org-P>HCl-P>BD-P>NH4Cl-P in the profile, and in the southern lake the order was HCl-P>NaOH-P, Org-P>BD-P>NH4Cl-P in the top 15 cm layers of the sediments. The sediment profiles showed that different forms of P had an increasing trend upward toward the sediment surface. There is a considerable potential for release from the sediment into the overlying water and sediment P could be the dominant factor determining the trophic status of the lake if the external load is reduced. An erratum to this article can be found at  相似文献   

11.
A reactive transport model was developed to describe seasonal variations of biogeochemical and physical processes in Lake Aydat. The model includes physical processes such as vertical mixing, sedimentation and advection related to inflows into the lake and biogeochemical conversion processes in the water column and in the sediment surface layer. The reactions described in the model include primary redox reactions such as primary production, aerobic and anaerobic respiration, methanogenesis and secondary reactions established between oxidants and reducers produced by the primary reactions. After adjusting various kinetic constants, the model reasonably reproduced the main features of seasonal variations of dissolved oxygen and nitrate depth profiles and pH. The reactive transport model was also used to quantify the relative importance of different biogeochemical pathways. For instance, ferrous denitrification seems to play an important role when stratification is increasing.  相似文献   

12.
武汉市墨水湖沉积物重金属污染特征与防治对策   总被引：8，自引：2，他引：8  
苏春利  王焰新 《矿物岩石》2006,26(2):111-116
武汉市墨水湖重金属污染严重,其污染特征在我国城市湖泊中具代表性。在对墨水湖不同湖区沉积物中重金属污染物空间分布特征进行分析的基础上,应用地积累指数法探讨不同重金属元素含量随深度变化的规律和原因,并对墨水湖沉积物中重金属的污染程度进行评价表明:墨水湖沉积物中重金属元素锌和汞污染最为严重,污染程度由高到低依次为:Zn>Hg>Cu>C r>Pb>A s;从整个湖区来看,分布有排污口的周边湖区污染严重,湖心污染程度较低;沉积物中主要重金属元素含量随深度增加而降低,其变化规律主要受污染状况的影响,沉积物颗粒粒径的变化和早期成岩作用的影响不大。为了改善墨水湖水质条件和重金属污染严重的现状,必须在截污、疏浚和引水工程等基本治理措施保护下,重建和恢复沉水植物系统,才能从根本上改善湖泊水质。  相似文献   

13.
太湖东部湖湾水生植物生长区底泥氮磷污染特征   总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6  
向速林  朱梦圆  朱广伟  许海 《沉积学报》2014,32(6):1083-1088
为了解太湖东部湖湾(贡湖湾、光福湾、渔洋湾)表层底泥中氮、磷的污染特征及其与水生植物生长的关系,采集了各湖湾滨岸带水生植物生长区的表层底泥,探讨了水生植物的生长与分布对表层底泥中总氮(TN)、总磷(TP)及总有机碳(TOC)等含量的影响,并对表层底泥进行营养评价.结果表明,水生植物生长密集区底泥中TN、TP、TOC的含量均显著低于水生植物零星生长区,说明水生植物的生长对太湖东部湖湾表层底泥中营养盐与有机碳含量具有较为明显的影响;相关性分析显示,表层底泥中TOC与TN含量呈显著相关性(R2=0.832 8),而与TP的相关性则较弱(R2=0.166 5),反映了TOC在湖泊底泥中的沉积可能成为湖泊氮的重要来源,而对磷的影响较小.利用有机指数与有机氮指数两种方法分别对东部各湖湾底泥进行污染评价,贡湖湾、光福湾、渔洋湾底泥有机指数平均值分别为0.142 7、0.228 6与0.208 6,均属较清洁与尚清洁水平,而各湖湾有机氮指数平均值均为Ⅲ与Ⅳ级,说明底泥已遭受了一定程度的氮污染.因此,对水生植物零星生长区表层底泥中氮含量的控制与削减有利于湖泊富营养化的预防与治理.  相似文献   

14.
From June 2004 to December 2004, Lake Dianchi, which had large scale of cyanobacterial blooms was investigated in order to study P-fractionation in the suspended matter and the sediment. The investigation improves our understanding of phosphorus in Lake Dianchi and the relationship between phosphorus and cyanobacterial blooms. It contributes to the available literature on the behavior of P in hypertrophic lakes. The distribution of P-fractions in Lake Dianchi was not uniform from northwest to south, but was closely related to the trophic status of the whole lake. The concentrations of total phosphorus, labile P (NH4Cl-P), Organic P (NaOH-NRP) and loss on ignition in suspended matter were positively correlated with the strength of cyanobacterial blooms. Total phosphorus in suspended matter was relatively stable for almost half an year and closely related to Chl. a concentration. The main content of organic phosphorus is in the cyanobacterial blooms. The concentrations of phosphorus bound to metal oxides and carbonates (NaOH-SRP and HCl-P) in sediment were similar to NaOH-SRP and HCl-P in the corresponding suspended matter. The latter two forms of P in suspended matter were not affected by cyanobacterial blooms, indicating that the inorganic phosphorus is derived from the sediment after resuspension from the sediment due to wind and wave action. The contribution of the different P-fractions to TP in sediment and in suspended matter indicates that NH4Cl-P in the suspended matter is an important buffer for maintaining dissolved phosphorus in water.  相似文献   

15.
Paleolimnological techniques were used to identify environmental changes in and around Lake Dudinghausen (northern Germany) over the past 4800 yr. Diatom-inferred total phosphorus (DI-TP) changes identify four phases of high nutrient levels (2600-2200 BC, 1050-700 BC, 500 BC-AD 100 and AD 1850-1970). During these high DI-TP phases, fossil pollen, sediment geochemistry and archaeological records indicate human activities in the lake catchment. Although the same paleo-indicators suggest increased human settlement and agriculture activity during the late Slavonic Age, the Medieval Time and the Modern Time (AD 1000-1850), DI-TP levels were low during this period. In the sediments, iron and total phosphorus were high from ∼AD 100 to 1850, likely due to increased inflow of iron-rich groundwater into the lake. Increased iron input would have lead to a simultaneous binding and precipitation of phosphate in the upper sediment and overlying water column. As a result, anthropogenic impact on Lake Dudinghausen was masked by these phosphorus-controlling processes from AD 1000 to 1850 and was not evident by means of DI-TP. In accordance with fossil pollen, sediment geochemistry and limited archaeological records, DI-TP levels were low from AD 100-1000. Groundwater levels likely rose during this period as the climate gradually changed toward colder and/or moister conditions. Such climate change likely led to reduced settlement activities and forest regeneration in the catchment area. Our results are concordant with similar studies from central Europe which indicate rapid decreasing settlement activities from AD 100 to 1000.  相似文献   

16.
太湖水深变化对氮磷浓度和叶绿素a浓度的影响   总被引：10，自引：0，他引：10       下载免费PDF全文
水深作为重要的湖泊水文因子,对湖泊水动力过程、化学过程和生态过程具有重要的影响。通过对1993-2002年太湖水深水质实测资料的回归分析,建立了太湖7个分区的水深与总氮、总磷、叶绿素a浓度的回归方程。结果表明,叶绿素a浓度对水深变化的响应并不显著。一般情况下,水深变化对营养盐浓度的影响不显著,但在特定的湖区,如梅梁湾,水深变化对营养盐浓度的影响显著。鉴于水深变化可以对太湖局部区域的水环境具有显著的影响,因此存在通过太湖流域水利工程的联合运行,人为调控特定湖区水深,在一定程度上改善水质的可能性。  相似文献   

17.
Total organic carbon (TOC), Total nitrogen (TN) and the phosphorus species concentrations of sediment cores taken from Zhushan Bay, Meiliang Bay, and East Taihu Lake regions in Taihu Lake, a large shallow lake in China, were determined. Experimental results showed a conspicuous eutrophication trend in the northern area of Taihu Lake. Inorganic P was found to be the main phosphorus form. Fe-bound P accounted for the largest proportion of Inorganic P in Meiliang Bay, an alga-type lake region. In East Taihu Lake, a macrophytic lake region, Ca-bound P was found in higher proportions than in other lake regions, with Organic P present in similarly large proportions. With respect to Taihu Lake sediment cores, the date at approximately 20 cm layer depth was roughly identified as 1950s, while upper 5 cm layers corresponded to the turn of the century. The drastic increase in phosphorus species concentration except for Ca-bound P was indicative of the large quantities of effluent discharge into Zhushan Bay owing to the increased industrial and agricultural production from the 1950s onwards. TN, Inorganic P, Organic P, and total phosphorus (TP) concentrations increased by over 2, 2.5, 2 and 2.5-fold, respectively, over the past five decades. A large proportion of Organic P accounted for TP, and high C/N ratios indicated that East Taihu Lake can be properly classified as an oligotrophic lake.  相似文献   

18.
太湖及其主要入湖河流沉积磷形态分布研究   总被引：57，自引：6，他引：57  
选择了我国第三大浅水湖泊--太湖及其主要入湖河流进行沉积磷形态的连续提取研究.太湖湖区沉积磷中不稳态磷(LP)及铝结合态磷(Al-P)含量很低,其余形态磷为铁结合态磷(Fe-P)＜钙结合态磷(Ca-P)＜有机磷(Org-P).河流沉积物中有机磷的相对含量高于湖泊沉积物,绝对含量平均值约为湖泊沉积物的3.9倍,铁结合态磷的绝对含量约为湖泊沉积物的3/4,湖区沉积物Fe-P含量与水体中PO3-4-、Chla呈显著正相关关系,同时与间隙水的氧化性呈显著负相关关系.太湖各湖区沉积物的磷形态表现为空间差异较大,活性组分的差异性要大于活性较差的组分.总的来说北部湖区沉积物中Fe-P和Org-P含量高于其他湖区,这与太湖北部湖区水体高营养级和藻类爆发关系密切.湖区沉积磷的垂直分布规律较复杂,既有随深度增加的,也有随深度降低的,河流沉积物同样如此.这与太湖及河流生态条件、污染物排放以及沉积动力学条件不同有关.  相似文献   

19.
This paper presents a sedimentary record from Lake ?ukie located in the southeastern part of the Central European Plain, beyond the reach of the maximum extent of the last glaciation. The lake has thermokarstic origin and developed during the last glacial termination due to subsidence of the sub‐Quaternary carbonate basement triggered by permafrost thawing. A sediment core was investigated to reconstruct water trophic state and lake depth changes during the Holocene. We aimed at showing the relationship between ecological and geochemical changes in the lake and regional/supraregional climatic and hydrological trends throughout the Holocene. Results of subfossil Cladocera analysis were combined with data on the geochemistry and stable C and O isotopes in sedimentary carbonates. Isotopic and geochemical proxies helped to detect sources of sedimentary particles in the lake and thus to reconstruct changes in the intensity of atmospheric and catchment processes (e.g. precipitation and surface runoff). The Cladocera analysis results indicated endogenic processes in the lake such as trophic changes. Our data revealed that Lake ?ukie has always been a rather eutrophic water body and the periods of particularly high productivity were in the lower Preboreal and upper Subatlantic. Periods of increased water depth were recorded in the lower Preboreal, lower Boreal and upper Subboreal, whereas low water stands were obtained during the late Preboreal, late Boreal, late Atlantic and Atlantic/Subboreal transition as well as during the lower Subboreal. The sediment succession from Lake ?ukie provides the first full Holocene record of carbon and oxygen stable isotopes in lacustrine carbonates from the eastern part of the Central European Lowland. The record is characterized by uncommonly high δ13C and δ18O values of the carbonates resulting from a combination of within‐lake processes and dissolution of the carbonate bedrock of Cretaceous age. The impact of the old carbonates on isotope values was helpful in the reconstruction of the catchment forcing on the lake.  相似文献   

20.
鄱阳湖浅水三角洲沉积体系三维定量正演模拟   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
以鄱阳湖现代浅水三角洲沉积体系为例, 应用三维正演地层模拟软件Sedsim, 在参考前人研究的基础上, 首次将湖盆底部地形、湖(海)平面变化、沉积物注入量及注入方式、气候、沉积物供给速率等动力要素结合在一起, 对该浅水三角洲沉积体系的形成过程及1200年以来的演化进行定量正演模拟, 并采用历史和野外数据对鄱阳湖现代浅水三角洲沉积模型进行约束和校正.模拟结果表明, 鄱阳湖浅水三角洲沉积体系的发育是湖盆地形、湖平面变化、物源供给等多因素作用的综合结果.在该三角洲沉积体系中, 由于水体较浅、沉积底形坡度平坦且基准面变化频繁, 三角洲前缘发育的砂体基本上以席状砂为主, 并主要分布于湖区敞流通道附近.湖平面之上的三角洲平原河道发育与改道的现象主要受湖平面变化速率的影响, 即基准面缓慢上升期间和基准面快速下降期间, 河道发育的现象较明显.该模拟结果不仅能够对大型浅水三角洲的内部特征及形成过程有着更直观的认识, 而且也为今后研究不同地区相似的三角洲沉积体系的形成过程提供了可借鉴的分析模型与理论依据.   相似文献   

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