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1.
非金属矿物混凝剂的特性和去污混凝机理   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
陆石屏  周树根 《地质实验室》1999,15(3):200-206,213
研制了非金属矿物混凝剂。对造纸废水中的化学耗氧量和色度的去除率分别达80%和94%;对地表水的浊度去除率达99.5%,污泥水率降低,沉降速度快。探讨了非金属矿物混凝剂的去污混凝机理。  相似文献   

2.
玉米淀粉废水回收及处理研究   总被引:1,自引:1,他引:1  
采用调节等电位点—超过滤组合技术对玉米淀粉废水的资源回收和处理进行研究,确定了最佳工艺参数。结果表明通过调节等电位点,可回收粗蛋白用作家禽饲料,同时废水中的CODcr、TSS和BOD5去除率分别可达48.8%、49.6%和27.2%以上,减轻了后续超过滤处理压力;通过超过滤进一步处理,出水COD、TSS和BOD去除率分别达91.3%、92.5%和95.1%。  相似文献   

3.
采用PAC(聚合氯化铝)与PFS(聚合硫酸铁)混凝剂处理污水,并进行了对比实验。结果表明。在污水COD浓度为920mg/L,PFS折算为Fe2O3的投加量为300mg/L,pH为9.0时,出水COD为406mg/L,COD去除率为55.8%,而PAC折算为Al2O3的投加量为120mg/L时,出水COD为369.8mg/L,COD去除率为59.8%。PAC较PFS对COD的去除率高约4%。  相似文献   

4.
硅酸盐细菌GY03菌株的絮凝特性   总被引:17,自引:1,他引:17  
连宾  陈烨  袁生  刘丛强 《矿物学报》2003,23(4):303-307
从土壤中筛选分离到一株硅酸盐细菌GY03菌株,对其絮凝特性进行了研究。结果表明,GY03菌株营养要求简单,在生长的同时合成胞外高聚物,具有良好的絮凝性能。GY03菌株所产絮凝物质有88%以上分布在细胞表面,该絮凝剂的絮凝活性随菌体生长量的增加而同步增高,不同金属离子对GY03菌株絮凝活性有影响。实验条件下,1h内GY03菌株所产生的微生物絮凝剂对高岭土悬浮液絮凝率为78%,经放置24h后最高絮凝率可达98%,对制药废水浊度去除率为78.1%~94.7%,COD去除率为48.0%-87.5%,生活污水浊度去除率为85.3%~92.5%,对墨汁溶液的脱色率为53.2%以上。因而认为该菌株是一种很有应用前景的絮凝剂产生菌。  相似文献   

5.
Fenton氧化膜-生物反应器出水中丙烯腈的实验研究   总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4  
采用膜-生物反应器和Fenton氧化组合工艺对丙烯腈废水进行处理。从GC/MS测量结果来看,膜-生物反应器出水中主要物质为2,6双(二甲基-乙基)-4-酚、苯二甲酸和硝基苯二甲酸,均为生物难降解有机物,使出水不能达标。后续Fenton氧化工艺处理膜生物反应器出水,可以使COD含量等指标达到所要求的排放标准。经过膜-生物处理与Fenton法结合的优化工艺,COD去除率达到80%~88%,去除率达到98%,出水水质可达排放标准。Fenton氧化工艺的最佳工艺条件为:pH值为3.4,硫酸亚铁的投加量为700mg/L,双氧水的投加量为600mg/L。  相似文献   

6.
《地学前缘》2012,38(1)
采用厌氧/缺氧/好氧膜生物反应器对北京某城市污水处理厂的初沉池出水进行中试试验,约200 d的研究表明,在水力停留时间保持12.5 h后,化学需氧量、生物需氧量及总有机碳的去除率分别稳定在92%、98%、85%左右,其中生化降解部分与膜过滤部分对COD去除的贡献率分别为89%和11%;NH4+-N、总氮(total nitrogen,TN)的去除率分别为98%、79%左右,出水ρ(TN)平均在10 mg/L左右;系统在污泥龄为40 d左右时,总磷(totalphosphorus,TP)平均去除率为85%,出水ρ(TP)在0.93 mg/L左右;反硝化除磷、好氧吸磷、膜截留对总磷的去除所占的比例分别为44.6%、51.8%、3.6%;出水浊度极低且几乎无悬浮物,可直接回用于城市杂用水.间歇抽吸、曝气冲刷、在线水力反冲及定期药洗保证了该系统的可持续运行.  相似文献   

7.
李婧  刘娜  马臻  晋日亚 《世界地质》2011,30(1):132-137
煤泥水难于自然沉降。通过煤泥水性质分析和混凝效果对比实验,选择PAC--NPAM 联用处理煤泥水。正交试验具体分析凝聚剂投加量、絮凝剂投加量、搅拌速度和搅拌时间对混凝法处理煤泥水的影响,得出最佳工艺条件; 即: 采用PAC--NPAM 混凝法处理煤泥水有较好的效果,COD 和SS 的去除率均> 95%,处理后水质的各项指标均能达到国家相关排放标准,且能满足洗煤工艺的用水要求。  相似文献   

8.
铝钛柱撑改性膨润土处理两种模拟废水的实验研究   总被引:10,自引:1,他引:10  
以钠基膨润土为原料制备了铝钛无机柱撑、铝钛有机柱撑改性膨润土,确定了改性膨润土的最佳铝钛比和铝土比,并将其应用于模拟废水、化学实验室废水的处理。与原土进行比较,探讨了用量、pH值、搅拌时间等对COD去除率、色度去除率、浊度去除率的影响,通过正交实验对实验条件进行了优化。结果表明:有机柱撑改性膨润土、无机柱撑改性膨润土对废水的处理效果均明显好于原土,对废水色度、浊度的去除率均大于93%;对废水COD的去除效果,有机柱撑改性膨润土比无机柱撑改性膨润土有较大提高,去除率最高达66.31%,结果令人满意。  相似文献   

9.
溶井微污染水供水就地处理技术研究   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
溶井是西南岩溶区主要的分散式供水方式。本文在对典型地区溶井水污染特征分析基础上,通过对现有分散供水水处理工艺原理的分析,提出了溶井供水的水污染防治措施,并结合中试试验,对溶井快渗池的设计思路、设计参数、水处理工艺以及施工中的注意事项进行了详细说明。试验表明,溶井在采取水处理措施后,出水浊度均低于5度,微量有机物去除率大于35%,氨氮可削减60%以上,细菌总数最大可截留95%;溶井快渗池工艺在溶井水处理过程中不需要添加任何药剂,避免了混凝剂和消毒剂对水质产生的副作用和卫生问题,出水水质主要指标基本达到生活饮用水卫生标准。   相似文献   

10.
药剂与粉煤灰联合处理再生造纸废水的实验研究   总被引:2,自引:1,他引:1  
通过混凝实验探讨了用PAC处理再生造纸废水的最佳混凝条件.在此基础上,选用PAM为助凝剂,通过正交实验,获得了较佳的水平条件:先加PAM,质量浓度为3 mg/L,后加PAC,质量浓度为0.2 g/L,反应9 min;处理后的出水经粉煤灰过滤,ρ(COD)可降至37.383 mg/L,ρ(BOD)为20.7 mg/L,浊度为0,pH为11.12,在空气中放置24 h后pH变为8.02.  相似文献   

11.
In this study, the treatability of marble processing wastewater by electrocoagulation using aluminum and iron electrodes was investigated. The sample used was from the marble-processing plant in Sivas and its turbidity, suspended solids, chemical oxygen demand and total solids concentrations were about 1,914?NTU, 2,904, 150 and 4,750?mg/L, respectively. The effects of various operating parameters such as initial pH, current density and electrolysis time on turbidity, suspended solids, chemical oxygen demand and total solids removal efficiencies were investigated. The settling characteristics of waste sludge produced and energy and electrode consumption were also determined. The optimum values of initial pH, current density and electrolysis time in electrocoagulation studies carried out using aluminum electrode were found to be 7.8, 30?A/m2 and 5?min, respectively. Under these conditions, the removal efficiencies obtained for turbidity, suspended solids, chemical oxygen demand and total solids were 98.5, 99.2, 55.2 and 92.4?%, respectively. Corresponding energy and electrode consumptions were 0.143?kWh/kg SS and 0.010?kg Al/kg SS. For iron electrode, the optimum parameter values were found to be 7.8 pH, 20?A/m2 and 5?min, respectively. Under these conditions, removal efficiencies for turbidity, suspended solids, chemical oxygen demand and total solids were determined as 94.3, 99.1, 54.2, and 96.1?%, respectively. Energy and electrode consumptions were 0.0571?kWh/kg SS and 0.0206?kg Fe/kg SS, respectively. Settling characteristics of sludge produced during experiments carried out using both aluminum and iron electrodes were fairly good. The results showed that electrocoagulation method can be used efficiently for the treatment of marble processing wastewater under proper operating conditions.  相似文献   

12.
Performance of moving bed biofilm reactor system for a real hospital wastewater (HW) was experimented, modelled, and optimized using response surface methodology. Prior to conducting laboratory tests, design of the experiments was evaluated to minimize any prediction error. Statistical analyses demonstrated the models’ validity and adequacy for anticipation of the removal of BOD and COD by the process. The models predictions (with desirability of 0.98) were found to be in very good agreement with confirmative experiments results. The results indicated that under convenient operating conditions of the studied variables (packing rate 70%, HRT 24 h, and MLSS 3000 mg/L), the removal efficiencies for BOD and COD were 97.8 and 95.6%, respectively. Moreover, kinetics of the biological process showed that removal of organic matters for the tested wastewater adheres to modified Stover–Kincannon model with a correlation coefficient of 0.998. Ratio of BOD to COD of 0.6 (optimal range for biological treatment normally is >0.5) suggests acceptable efficiency of the reactor for decomposing organic load. A high overall efficiency of the process and fulfilling the related standards make this system an appropriate option for treating HDW.  相似文献   

13.
Produced water (PW) from natural gas field, characterized with high organic contents, has brought high environmental concerns world widely. Fenton and enhanced Fenton technologies were considered as the potential methods to degrade the organic contaminates in the PW, but with very limited data or reference. Here, we examined the optimum conditions of Fenton on organics and colour removal from natural gas PW after coagulation pre-treatment. Simultaneously, the optimal Fenton process integrated with ultraviolet (UV) and ultrasonic (US) irradiation were applied to enhance pollutants removal efficiencies. The optimal Fenton conditions were found at 60 min with molar ratios of 6:1 and 25:1 for H2O2/COD and H2O2/Fe2+, respectively and the initial pH of 3. Among these the three treatment processes, chemical oxygen demand (COD), total organic carbon, 5-day biological oxygen demand (BOD5), and colour removal efficiencies were highest during UV–Fenton (82, 73, 68, and 95%,) followed by US–Fenton (79, 70, 66, and 95%) and Fenton treatment (70, 58, 51, and 92%), respectively. High biodegradability (BOD5/COD) was also observed after UV–Fenton process (0.76) than the others (both 0.73). The current study showed a satisfactory carbon and colour removal efficiencies from PW using different Fenton processes; however, there still is a need for final polishing such as biological treatment or low cost constructed wetland before discharge. This study can be a good reference for engineering application PW treatment.  相似文献   

14.
沸石强化过滤的中试及生产性试验研究   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
对新型水处理材料沸石强化常规给水处理工艺进行了中试和生产性试验,并与石英砂滤料做了对比.中试结果表明粒径为0.80-1.20mm沸石对浊度、氨氮、有机物都表现出良好的去除效果,过滤时的水头损失、反冲洗强度明显小于石英砂,不仅能满足反冲洗要求,还可节省反冲洗水量,降低运行成本.在生产性试验条件下,沸石对浊度、氨氮、耗氧量的去除率分别为95%、83%和39%.因此,在当前水源水遭到污染的情况下,用沸石替代石英砂滤料可明显改善水质,在不增加处理构筑物的情况下,对给水处理工艺可起到强化作用  相似文献   

15.
Improvement in the quality of river water filtered through a 17-m thick sand-gravel unconfined aquifer at a production well surrounded by surface-water bodies, in Haridwar (India), was studied. Distances between surface water sources and the production well are more than 115 m, and the shortest travel times are 77 and 84 days for monsoon and non-monsoon periods, respectively. During the monsoon period, surface water exhibited increased turbidity by 50–100 times, bacterial count of around 10 times and decreased electrical conductivity of around 0.6 times compared to non-monsoon samples. The quality of abstracted bank filtrate, however, was found not to significantly vary. In non-monsoon months, riverbank filtration resulted in a reduction of turbidity and coliforms by 1 and 3 logs, respectively. For monsoonal months, this increased to more than 2 and 4 logs in turbidity and coliforms reduction, respectively. UV absorbance was also found to be reduced to about 1 log during monsoon season. Results from column studies confirmed that a retention time of around 5 days is adequate to achieve more than 99.9% removal of coliforms.  相似文献   

16.
Surfactants are among the most widely disseminated xenobiotics that contribute significantly to the pollution profile of sewage and wastewaters of all kinds. Among the currently employed chemical unit processes in the treatment of wastewaters, coagulation-flocculation has received considerable attention for yielding high pollutant removal efficiency. Jar-test experiments are employed in order to determine the optimum conditions for the removal of surfactants, COD and turbidity in terms of effective dosage, and pH control. Treatment with FeCl3 proved to be effective in a pH range between 7 and 9. The process is very effective in the reduction of surfactants and COD, the removals are 99 and 88 % respectively, and increased BOD5/COD index from 0.17 to 0.41. In addition to precipitation coagulation process, adsorptive micellar flocculation mechanism seems contribute to the removal of surfactants and organic matters from this rejection.  相似文献   

17.
Drinking water production at three waterworks was evaluated with respect to variable weather conditions in the Brasília Distrito Federal. Results of the investigation revealed that seasonal variations in rainfall play an important role in influencing the quality of the surface water sources used for drinking water production in the district. In most surface sources, particles and apparent colour are likely to originate from erosion during rain events. This represents the primary challenge facing waterworks, notably when the raw water qualities of the sources to be treated at one facility differ by one order of magnitude, as well significantly varying from one season to the next. Treatment efficiencies in terms of turbidity, apparent colour and dissolved organic carbon (DOC) removal were evaluated. Drinking water quality was found to be significantly influenced by raw water quality at all considered treatment plants. With regard to DOC removal, treatment was most efficient in waterworks which treated raw water with high percentages of biopolymers and humics. Most dissolved organics were removed by coagulation. Finally, conclusions are drawn on how to better cope with challenges facing drinking water production in a tropical climate. The first of these recommendations is the introduction of online turbidity and dissolved organic matter monitoring in order to optimise the coagulation process for the removal of these two parameters. A combination of different coagulants could also be considered for this process. Additional more sophisticated improvements to process stability, such as determination of floc characteristics, introduction of artificial neural networks or the eventual upgrade of the treatment train using membrane filtration, are also suggested.  相似文献   

18.
为提高好氧污泥颗粒化速度, 采用微生物絮凝剂, 探讨在好氧颗粒污泥培养过程中微生物絮凝剂的投加方式对颗粒污泥理化性能及生物降解效能的影响。结果表明:微生物絮凝剂每隔2、3、5、7 d投加一次时, 均可培养出成熟的好氧颗粒污泥, 微生物絮凝剂的投加方式对好氧污泥颗粒化的影响较显著;微生物絮凝剂最佳投加方式为每5天投加一次, 此时颗粒化速度快, 颗粒形成时间由未投加的60 d缩短为42 d, 好氧颗粒污泥疏水性好, 污泥体积指数稳定在40 mL/g左右, 沉降速度达35.06 m/h, COD、氨氮和总磷的去除率分别为96.55%、93.29%和87.29%。  相似文献   

19.
During the recent decades, the increasing trends in nitrate ion concentration in ground water sources have meant more research to find effective procedures for the prevention of even more water contamination by nitrogen sources. In this study a pilot was designed to examine the application of biological method for eliminating nitrate from the water of well No.903 of Mehrabad Airport, Tehran, Iran. Design, installation and running processes were done from April to November 2003. A fixed biological bed containing five-centimeter trunk pipes 16 mm in diameter were installed in the reactor and the system was operated with upflow current. Instead of Methanol, Acetic acid was used as the carbon source because of its easier acceptance by the public, lower price and availability as well as easier storage. The pilot was run in different hydraulic retention times from 48 h up to one hour. Considering economical, operational and maintenance factors, retention time of 2 h was determined to be optimum, in which 77% nitrate removal was achieved. Considering a ratio of 2 for COD/N, inlet COD of about 140 mg/L and the optimum retention time, COD removal of about 80% is also accomplished in this process. The amount of nitrite concentration, pH values, COD and turbidity is also evaluated versus different hydraulic retention times.  相似文献   

20.
改性铝土矿做净水剂,与市售其它混凝剂比较,具有PH值适用范围宽,对水中阴阳离子,尤其是对SO^2-4的吸附能力强等优点。去除水中的浊度,颜色,COD等同于市售其它混凝剂。  相似文献   

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