共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 124 毫秒
1.
2.
文章利用黄土高原西缘代表性的塬堡剖面有机碳同位素数据,估算了末次冰期以来地表植被中C3/C4植 物的相对丰度,指示出研究区域末次冰期几乎为纯粹的C3植物,而全新世为C3植物占优势的C3和C4混合植被类 型。温度是控制中国黄土高原C4植物是否发生的关键性气候因素,末次冰期向全新世转化过程中存在的某“阈值 温度”控制了两种植被类型的存在。全新世土壤有机碳同位素偏正于末次冰期,符合前人研究得到的认识。末次 冰期间冰段(MIS3)至盛冰期,土壤有机碳同位素为偏正变化趋势,符合现代C3植物本身随气候条件改变的碳同位 素组成变化。研究表明,利用黄土-古土壤有机碳同位素进行古气候变化研究,不能只将有机碳同位素简单的解 释为C3/C4植物相对丰度的变化,在单一植被类型下,还需要考虑植物本身碳同位素组成随气候条件的变化;另外, 研究还说明,我国黄土高原不同地区同时段土壤有机碳同位素值可以不同,其变化可以不具有相同的趋势,因此, 简单将有机碳同位素偏正归因于夏季风增强是值得商榷的。 相似文献
3.
利用GC－MS对西北干旱区-半干旱区兰州兴隆山森林区典型植被与现代土壤样品中可抽提的类脂物进行了系统分析,检测出包括正构烷烃和α正构脂肪酮等一系列类脂物分子化石。在未进行族分离的情况下,检出兴隆山现代森林木本植物的正构烷烃以C27或C29为主峰,草本植物则以C31为主峰; 土壤样品中均保留有很强的、几乎均势的C27,C29和C31信号; α正构脂肪酮具有明显的奇碳优势,植物中以C23,C25或C29为主峰,土壤样品以C27或C29为主峰; 其反映的信息是植被与微生物共同作用的结果。本研究为理解现代土壤和古土壤中类脂物所指示的植被信息、进一步探讨类脂物分子在植被(有机质)-微生物-土壤-湖泊沉积体系中存在与相互转换关系这一基础理论问题提供了科学资料。同时,为分子化石分析方法的改进和不同处理过程所得数据之间的对比和科学解释提供资料。 相似文献
4.
当前气候变暖是一个全球面临的重大问题,它对人类赖以生存的植被生态系统造成的影响已经在全球各地逐步显现出来。为了深入了解植物生态系统对环境和气候变化的响应机制,我们需要更好地借鉴地质历史时期气候环境和植物协同演化的重要事件。C4植物作为陆地生产力较强的植物,在植物生态演化中占举足轻重的地位。目前研究表明C4植物可能最晚起源于始新世-渐新世之交,但从它早期起源到随后在生态系统中的大规模扩张时间间隔长达20多个百万年。是什么因素导致了C4植物的起源和扩张是一个悬而未决的重要问题,需要开展大量的调查研究来评估和重建C4植物在过去生态系统中的相对生物量变化。重建C4植物的含量目前主要的方法是建立在C3/C4植物碳同位素和植物内部结构形态差异基础之上。最常运用的研究材料包括(古)土壤有机质、成壤碳酸盐、陆地食草动物体组织、沉积物生物标志物、孢粉、植硅体等。这些方法在重建现代以及地质历史时期C4植物相对生物量变化的研究中发挥了重要作用,但同时也存在很多无法避免的问题。本文介绍了C4植物起源和扩张机制的主流观点以及不同研究材料的碳同位素所推算C4植物生物量的基本原理,并以柴达木盆地大红沟剖面为例,针对新生代湖泊沉积物中陆生高等植物的长链正构烷烃特征和单体烃碳同位素的研究结果,详细讨论C4植物含量重建的方法与缺点,为探讨C4植物起源、演化及控制因素提供参考。我们通过分析前人研究的大红沟剖面长链正构烷烃及单体烃 δ13Calk 值特征,推测在30~24 Ma、20~17 Ma和13~7 Ma期间δ13Calk值显示相对正偏的原因,可能是干旱和C4植物在当地生态系统中出现的双重因素叠加造成的。但这一推断还需要借助于新的研究方法,即单颗粒孢粉碳同位素的方法来提供C4植物的确凿证据。 相似文献
5.
过程能力指数(CPK)是衡量工序能力满足产品质量标准要求程度的量值,CPK越大,产品质量越高,同时考虑到生产加工的经济性,通常将CPK控制在一个可以接受的水平。本研究首次将工业生产常用的过程能力指数方法运用于地矿实验室分析质量评估,通过计算西藏1:20万罗拉木等两个图幅化探样品中插入的西藏地区沉积物成分分析标准物质(GBW 07320、GBW 07325、GBW 07328)共114个检测项目的过程能力指数,综合评价样品分析数据的整体质量。结果表明,所有检测项目的CPK均大于CPK允许值,Na2O、MgO、Al2O3、SiO2等63个检测项目的CPK>1.33,Cu、Li、Be、W等47个项目的CPK>0.67,Th、Ag、Cr、Hg等4个项目的CPK<0.67。对于过程能力较差的检测项目应列入质量改进计划,如通过能力验证试验、选择合适的标准物质、仪器期间核查、标准化操作、分析技术改进等措施提高分析数据的准确度和稳定性。过程能力指数的应用为化探样品分析测试质量评价提供了一种简便快捷、科学合理的质量评价方法,可为不同检测项目分析方案的合理选择提供依据,同时有效降低实验室经济成本。 相似文献
6.
伊海生 《沉积与特提斯地质》2021,41(4):505-511
藏北双湖县巴岭乡地区出露一套深水相黑色页岩地层,包括下侏罗统曲色组和中侏罗统色哇组二个组地层单元。根据菊石化石控制的生物地层时代,下伏曲色组划归Pliensbachian-Toarcian 阶,上覆色哇组级代表Aalenian-Bajocian 期沉积,二者之间为连续沉积,是目前西藏特提斯域菊石化石控制程度最高的中下侏罗统地层。野外实测了索布查J2/J1界线剖面,按2m间距采集了148件样品,室内开展了无机碳(δ13Ccarb)和有机碳(δ13Ckero)分析,目的是揭示早侏罗世末期到中侏罗世初期这一时段的古海洋演化过程。研究结果表明,曲色组沉积期古海水δ13CDIC偏正,而色哇组δ13CDIC偏负,J2/J1界线上下δ13Ccarb值显示阶步式负向偏移的特点。根据相关分馏方程计算,Toarcian期海洋浮游植物繁盛,δ13CDIC偏正,海水营养盐NO3浓度偏低,而Aalenian期海洋浮游植物衰减,δ13CDIC偏低,NO3浓度升高。沉积有机质或干酪根碳同位素δ13Ckero在J2/J1界线上下与δ13Ccarb变化趋势一致,也具有由高值逐渐偏低的特点,但δ13Ccarb和δ13Ckero变化曲线的波峰和波谷并不同步,这是因为海源和陆源有机质相对含量高低变化所致。文中根据碳同位素质量平衡方程,定量的描述了索布查界线剖面陆源和海源有机质比例的变化过程,讨论了曲色组和色哇组烃源岩在油气勘探中的意义。 相似文献
7.
尼玛盆地地处青藏高原中部特殊区域,自新生代以来沉积了大套连续的湖相暗色油页岩,其富含生物分子化石,对重建青藏高原古气候和古环境具有重要意义。本文通过对尼玛盆地古近系牛堡组康嘎勒剖面正构烷烃及相关参数分布特征进行研究,结果显示,剖面油页岩正构烷烃分布从底到顶由单峰前峰型向单峰后峰型过渡,具2个旋回周期;碳优势指数相对稳定,但TAR、ACL、Paq及nC≤21/nC≥25变化较大,表明湖泊沉积有机质由内源为主的低等藻类向高等水生植物和外源陆生高等植物转变,且区域气候环境由温凉湿润向炎热干旱逐步演化。综合分析认为,尼玛盆地在始新世的气候变化在很大程度上是受西风环流和季风系统的共同影响。且西风环流和季风的强度变化与全球气候存在一定的关系。即全球变暖时,西风环流势力减弱,西风环流和残余洋水汽为高原中部提供的有效降水减少,气候相对干旱;而在全球降温时,西风环流和印度季风增强,残余洋水汽的叠加又为高原中部提供了充足的有效降水,气候湿润。 相似文献
8.
广东凡口铅锌矿床赋矿地层稳定同位素研究 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
广东凡口铅锌矿床是中国著名的大型铅锌矿床。在凡口矿区新发现有类似奥陶系岩性的地层,与寒武系一起构成矿区的浅变质基底,其δ13CV-PDB值为-6.5‰、δ18OV-SMOW值为14.9‰,在矿区各地层中最小,受热液作用影响最弱,主要受岩性影响。由深至浅,泥盆系地层的δ13CV-PDB、δ18OV-SMOW值逐渐增高、87Sr/86Sr值逐渐减小,该段岩层的主赋矿层位（D2d和D3t）δ13CV-PDB接近零,δ18OV-SMOW在18‰左右,稳定同位素的变化除受岩性影响外,主要受后期热液蚀变作用的影响,为成矿提供了一定的前提条件。石炭系（C2ht）白云岩的δ13C平均值为2.17‰,δ18O平均值为21.9‰,与其他层位性质明显不同,为矿区的盖层。 相似文献
9.
为了研究湘西北龙山-永顺地区上奥陶统五峰组-下志留统龙马溪组页岩气资源勘探潜力,利用野外典型露头地质剖面资料,通过对典型剖面页岩样品的系统观测、采样、利用有机地球化学和矿物组成特征研究,评价研究区目标地层页岩的成烃成藏物质基础。研究结果表明,研究区五峰-龙马溪组黑色泥页岩普遍具有有机碳含量高、残留可溶有机质氯仿沥青"A"低、生烃潜能S1+S2指数略低。分子生物标志化合物分析显示,正构烷烃无明显奇偶优势,受一定程度的微生物降解影响,多表现为双峰型（C18/C25）,∑C21-/∑C22+值为0.45~1.11,显示轻烃组分缺失,重烃组分占绝对优势;Pr/Ph值范围在0.27~0.44,具有植烷优势,显示原始有机质发育于较强还原沉积环境。烃源岩样品饱和烃组成相对丰度五环三萜烷 > 三环萜烷 > 四环萜烷,三环萜烷中C21、C23、C24呈倒V字形分布,Ts/Tm为0.39~0.66。C27规则甾烷含量略大于C29规则甾烷,显示沉积母质以浮游生物及海洋型自养菌为主,亦含有部分藻类为主的有机质输入。镜质组反射率Ro均在2.57%~3.01%,普遍小于3%,已经达到了过成熟阶段。全岩矿物组成成分分析显示,页岩中脆性矿物为主要组成成分,其次为黏土矿物。综合页岩有机和无机物质组成分析结果,提出研究区湘西北五峰-龙马溪组页岩具备页岩气成烃成藏的物质条件基础,有机质含量高、热演化程度适中、脆性和吸附性较好,为深入开展页岩气勘探目标区优选奠定了工作基础。 相似文献
10.
辽宁大石桥菱镁矿床的碳氧同位素组成和成因 总被引：13，自引：8，他引：5
在2.33~2.06Ga期间,δ13Ccarb发生了地质历史上最强烈的正异常事件,被称为Lomagundi事件。辽河群形成于2.3~1.85Ga期间,其大石桥组蕴涵超大型的大石桥菱镁矿矿床,在矿区厚约1144m。为检验华北克拉通对Lomagundi事件响应,揭示大石桥菱镁矿的成因,本文报道我们最新获得的地球化学研究结果。大石桥菱镁矿6件下伏白云岩地层样品的CaO/MgO摩尔比为0.87~0.94,δ13Ccarb和δ18Ocarb值分别为0.6‰~1.4‰（平均1.2‰,V-PDB标准）和16.4‰~19.5‰（平均18.2‰,SMOW标准）;与世界正常海相碳酸盐岩地层相比,δ13Ccarb较高,而δ18Ocarb较低,表明原始沉积物具有类似于Lomagundi事件的δ13Ccarb正异常,δ13Ccarb可能高达4.2‰,但δ13Ccarb和δ18Ocarb值均在沉积之后的成岩或/和变质过程中显著降低。研究剖面大石桥菱镁矿含矿地层厚逾550m,6件样品的CaO/Mg0摩尔比为0.005~0.23,δ13Ccarb和δ18Ocarb值分别为0.1‰~0.6‰（平均0.4‰）,9.2‰~12.7‰（平均10.9‰）,均低于下伏围岩白云岩;推测与区域变质有关的流体交代作用导致岩石发生重结晶作用和同位素交换,使δ13CV-PDB和δ18OV-SMOW值降低。而对菱镁矿顶板白云岩和网脉状菱镁矿矿石的研究进一步证明了上述解释的合理性。总之,大石桥菱镁矿的形成经历了初始沉积、成岩作用、区域变质和流体交代作用以及成矿后的局部蚀变作用。 相似文献
11.
12.
We report here for the first time the presence of the natural, toluene-soluble C60 and the toluene-insoluble high-pressure and temperature phase of fullerene C60 in the carbonaceous matter extracted from the iridium-rich layers of the intertrappean sediments of Anjar, India. The toluene-insoluble form of fullerene is formed at high-temperature and pressure (HPT) and is distinguished from normal fullerene by UV-visible and Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopic techniques. The C60 fullerene has been identified by high-resolution electron-impact ionization mass spectrometric analysis, as well as by Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR), UV-visible, and 13C-nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. In iridium-poor horizons of this section, fullerenes are absent, but complex hydrocarbons are sometimes present. The FT-IR spectroscopic studies on the insoluble fullerenes show strong absorption peaks at about 740 and 509 cm−1 and a number of weak peaks at 1380, 1300, 1205, 1120, 1000, 608, 554, and 441 cm−1, which are characteristic of a high-pressure and temperature C60 fullerene. The UV-visible spectra of the toluene-soluble fullerene, as well as the insoluble fullerene, show strong absorption bands at 270 and 348 nm, which are characteristic of pristine fullerene C60. The toluene-insoluble carbon-rich residue shows additional absorption bands at 710, 640, and 395 nm. These UV-visible bands independently confirm the presence of the high-pressure-temperature (HPT) phase of fullerene C60. Conditions of high-pressure and temperature required for formation of the HPT fullerene phase can be created by an energetic impact event. Therefore, the presence of HPT fullerene in the KT boundary layer at Anjar is linked to the impact event at the KT transition. 相似文献
13.
The ratio of the abundance of the C19:1 isoprenoids 1-pristene and 2-pristene to the abundance of (nC17:1 + nC17:0) is significantly lower in pyrolysates of kerogens from highly anoxic depositional environments than in pyrolysates of kerogen if similar types and levels of catagenesis from more oxic organic facies. 13C-NMR analysis shows that the occurrence of lower relative concentrations of isoprenoid precursors also correlates with the occurrence of low proportions of oxygen-bonded carbon and high proportion of aliphatic carbon in kerogens. The ratio of 1-pristene to (n-C17:1 + nC17:0) can be correlated laterally and statigraphically within a basin. There is no clearly discernible dependence of relative isoprenoid concentration of kerogen type for oil-generative kerogens, although immature lignites have high 1-pristene/(nC17:1 + nC17:0) ratios.The 1-pristene/(nC17:1 + nC17:0) ratios in kerogens pyrolysates from the same organic facies decrease logarithmically with increasing catagenesis and can be correlated directly with measured vitrinite reflectance values. Geologic and experimental data imply that 1-pristene precursors are lost from kerogen more rapidly than the precursors of the C18 isoprenoid.The lower relative isoprenoid concentrations observed in anoxically deposited kerogens appear to be the result of the enhanced preservation of normal alkyl groups and the enhanced formation of free isophrenoids early in the sequence of kerogen alteration. These results are significant to the use of isoprenoids as geochemical marker oils, bitumens, and kerogens and to the determination of the structure and diagenesis of isoprenoid precursors. 相似文献
14.
Agricultural grasses cover a major part of the land surface in temperate agro-ecosystems and contribute significantly to the formation of soil organic matter. Crop-derived lipids are assumed to be responsible for fast carbon turnover in soils. Differences in lipid distribution patterns between crops following C3 and C4 photosynthesis pathways have rarely been described, but could be useful for source apportionment of crop-derived input into soils or sediments. The distribution of long chain n-carboxylic acids (C22, C24, C26) reveals significant differences between crop plants following either the C3 or the C4 photosynthetic carbon fixation pathway. The plant compartments leaves, stems and roots of C4 plants contain relatively large proportions (> 40%) of n-C24 carboxylic acid when compared to C3 plants. These reveal larger relative proportions of n-C22 and n-C26 acids, whose relative abundance is subject to change between different plant compartments and during the growing season. The carboxylic acid ratio [CAR = n-C24/(n-C22 + n-C26) carboxylic acids] provides distinct ratios for C4 (> 0.67) and C3 crops (< 0.67) and can thus be used as a molecular marker for the differentiation of crop plant biomass. In combination with the bulk stable carbon isotopic composition (δ13C) the CAR can be used as a tool for the estimation of the C4 derived carbon proportion in soils or sediments. 相似文献
15.
《Applied Geochemistry》2005,20(3):553-568
Seven coal and carbonaceous mudstone samples were collected from outcropping Jurassic coal beds, on the margin of the Dingxi Basin, Northwestern China. The n-alkane distributions in all of the samples are characterised by high concentrations of the C19–C29 homologues, and very much lower amounts outside of this range. C23 or C24 are usually the most abundant n-alkanes. Straight chain n-alkanes from C23 to C29 show moderate odd-to-even C number predominances (CPI range: 1.26–2.70). Long-chain acyclic n-alkan-2-ones, n-alkan-3-ones and n-alkan-4-ones ranging from C15 to C33 with moderate odd-to-even C number predominances, were detected together with one isoprenoid methyl ketone (6,10,14-trimethylpentadecan-2-one) in all of the samples. The C number distributions of the three series of alkanones show a similar distribution to that of the n-alkanes, but the correspondence is not sufficient to substantiate a product–precursor relationship. It can be concluded that the n-alkan-2-ones are a mixture of the products of microbially-mediated β-oxidation of corresponding n-alkanes in the sediments and from the microbial oxidation of higher plant-derived n-alkanes prior to incorporation in the sediments. The n-alkan-3-ones and n-alkan-4-ones were formed from microbially mediated oxidation of the corresponding n-alkanes in the γ and δ positions, respectively. Generation of the ketones from higher plant n-fatty alcohols and n-alkanoic acids could be a possible way to form some of the ketones observed, but it can only play a minor role in the samples analysed. 相似文献
16.
《Geochimica et cosmochimica acta》1987,51(6):1379-1384
The occurrence of C12C22n-alkanes with a strong even carbon-number preference is reported in recent and Miocene sediments, encompassing marine and freshwater systems, deposited under oxic and anoxic conditions. It is therefore shown that these n-alkanes can be found in a wider type of sedimentary environment than those previously described. The occurrence in some cases of a parallel distribution of C14C20n-alk-1-enes is also illustrated. A variety of biological sources, including both marine and freshwater bacteria as well as fungi and yeast species is suggested to account for such distributions. 相似文献
17.
Andesitic pillow lavas containing biogenic, solid bitumen (SB) are a constituent of a Neoproterozoic volcanosedimentary sequence (Teplá-Barrandian unit, Bohemian Massif) in the Mítov area of the Czech Republic. A black shale formation that is crosscut by these andesitic basalts is 565 Ma old. Carbon disulfide extracts of two powdered samples of SB contain 0.2 and 0.3 ppm of C60, respectively, as determined by high-pressure liquid chromatography. The peak assignment based on retention time is fully supported by high-resolution electron ionization mass spectrometry (EI-MS). No C70 was detected, nor was C60 found in two other SB samples from this locality. Other investigated carbonaceous samples from Bohemia (coals and anthracites of Upper Paleozoic age and anthraxolite, graphitoids, and graphite of Upper Proterozoic age) did not contain fullerenes at concentrations above the detection limit of 0.01 ppm. The absence of C60 in these samples was confirmed by EI-MS. The proposed mechanism of fullerene formation involves a primary algal phase, generation of a hydrocarbonaceous mixture in the course of thermal evolution of the sedimentary series, and their high-temperature transformation related to the extrusion of basalt. An important feature for fullerene conservation was the enclosure of fullerenes in SB with a structure similar to glasslike carbon, where the fullerene was protected against oxidation. 相似文献
18.
Yanhong Zheng Shucheng Xie Xiaomin Liu Weijian Zhou Philip A. Meyers 《Frontiers of Earth Science》2009,3(4):445-451
High resolution records of long chain n-alkanol biomarkers were obtained from a peat-lacustrine core from the Dingnan profile in southern China. The n-alkanol distributions are characterized by the predominance of even-over-odd carbon number and maximize at C24 or C26. On the basis of the reported n-alkanol records in the literature and the n-alkane record in our samples, we concluded that the n-alkanol ratio of C26/C30 varying from 1.25 to 6.48, together with the n-alkanol ratio C22/C24 less than unity, is indicative of the presence of a dominant forest paleovegetation. A 2000-year cycling in the variation
of the n-alkanol ratio C26/C30 is identifiable in our profile, and probably results from the change in the abundance of the grass relative to trees induced
by a cyclic paleoclimate. The n-alkanol ratio C24/C26 appears to be more sensitive to change in precipitation than in temperature, and may be a potential indicator of precipitation/humidity,
with increased values being associated with relatively dry conditions. The paleovegetation and the paleoclimate reconstructed
on the basis of the n-alkanol records for the recent 18000 cal a BP in general accord with the pollen data and other lipid evidence recorded in
the Dingnan region in southern China. In particular, both the n-alkanol records and the pollen data infer the different paleoclimate conditions for the two peat sequences, with a cool and
wet climate dominating in the lower peat deposition formed during the latest Pleistocene and a change to a drier and cooler
climate occurring in the upper peat sequence in mid-Holocene. 相似文献
19.
Higher fullerenes(C84,C90,C92,C94 and C96) were successfully isolated from the Soxhlet extract of the synthetical "Graphote Smokes" soot(GS sample) by using a big Cosmosil Buckysep(Phenomenex) column(250 mm × 10 mm) with a large injection.The fractions isolated have been determined by high performance liquid chro-matography(HPLC) and laser desorption mass spectrometry(LDMS).It is found that there are different fullerenes molecules in different fractions with retention time.The result indicates that fullerenes do exist in GS samples.Also,it excludes the suspicion to some extent that fullerene molecules might be generated by the laser desorption process in the LDMS.In addition,it also provides the experimental basis for the study of natural higher fullerenes and might be helpful to figure out the question if higher fullerenes do exist in the natural samples. 相似文献
20.
Matthew R. Hammond 《Geochimica et cosmochimica acta》2008,72(22):5521-5529
Insoluble organic matter (IOM) has been obtained from two carbonaceous chondrite meteorites and subjected to analysis by laser desorption mass spectrometry (LDMS) using standard operating conditions that were optimized for fullerene detection (3-6 μJ pulses at 337 nm focused to a spot size of approximately 100 μm in diameter). The preparation process yields no free C60 in the IOM, and other experiments suggest that this material does not contain appreciable amounts of fullerenes. Nevertheless, a pronounced high-mass envelope is observed in LDMS, extending from 720 amu to about 4000 amu, with peaks spaced apart every 24 amu (corresponding to the gain or loss of C2 units). We attribute this high-mass envelope to the existence of various fullerene molecules. The present work demonstrates that these fullerene molecules are created by the laser desorption laser ionization process under typical laser conditions used for studying free fullerenes in organic solvent extracts of natural samples (toluene and 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene). The implications of this false positive detection of fullerene molecules on the reports of fullerenes in other meteoritic samples have been investigated by introducing IOM into typical fullerene extraction procedures and examining the LDMS results. We found that IOM is capable of producing false positive signals in these experiments. The effect of ambient laboratory contamination producing fullerene signals is also described. It is found that extensive centrifugation of the meteoritic extracts is able to reduce the observed fullerene envelope, which points to an association of this envelope with IOM particulates that have passed through the filtering steps. We suggest the exercise of extreme caution in interpreting fullerene data from LDMS experiments. 相似文献