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1.
Numerical simulation of the earthquake and tsunami of November 15, 2006, and the spectral analysis of the distribution of
the wave fields in the basin made it possible to analyze in detail the tsunami generation by a seismic source and the pattern
of the wave propagation through the Bussol Strait, as well as to estimate the influence of this strait on the further propagation
of the waves in the basin of the Sea of Okhotsk and the near-field zones of the Kurile and Japanese Islands. 相似文献
2.
“3.11”日本地震海啸及南海和琉球群岛假想地震海啸对福建近海影响的数值模拟 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
福建地处西北太平洋沿岸,在环太平洋地震带附近,是海啸灾害潜在风险区.＂3.11＂日本地震海啸,福建沿岸验潮站就监测到其海啸波.利用CTSU地震海啸数值模式,模拟了＂3.11＂日本地震海啸对福建近海的影响,模拟结果与实况较吻合.同时,利用该数值模式模拟分析了可能来自于琉球群岛和南海附近海域的地震海啸对福建近海的影响,分析表明,如果在琉球群岛海域（28.0°N,129.0°E）发生8.8级地震,引发的海啸波将在4.5 h左右抵达福建北部海岸,最大海啸波幅可达2 m;如果在马尼拉海沟附近海域（17.5°N,119.0°E）发生8.8级地震,引发的海啸波将在4 h左右抵达福建南部海岸,最大海啸波幅可达3 m,均会给福建沿海地区带来灾害性影响.为此,本文亦针对性提出了防范地震海啸的一些措施与建议,为福建省海洋防灾减灾提供参考. 相似文献
3.
G. V. Shevchenko 《Oceanology》2017,57(5):621-631
A long-term sea level series were analyzed, recorded at 12 coastal tide gauges located on the coast of the Sea of Okhotsk and the Pacific coast of the Kuril Islands and Kamchatka. Estimates for the maximum heights of the tidal level, storm surges, and tsunamis were obtained separately, as well as for the rare recurrence of the total sea level height with the probability of these individual components superposition. The maximum total height of the sea level without a tsunami were obtained for the Magadan station, where the main factor is anomalously large tides, as well as for Iturup and Matua islands, where the highest storm surges were recorded. The minimum values were obtained for Ust’-Kamchatsk and Malokuril’sk (Shikotan Island) on different flanks of the study area. When a tsunami is included, the maximum values of possible total sea level rises were observed on the Pacific coast of the Kuril Ridge and the influence of tides and meteorologically induced oscillations are small. On the east coast of Kamchatka adjacent to the considered closed area, the role of tsunamis is much smaller. At the Kuril’sk station, where the height of the largest tsunami (Chilean, May 1960) was about a half the strongest surge height, the contribution of the tsunami scarcely affected the resulting estimates. As a rule, the contribution of a tsunami becomes significant at other stations on the coast of the Sea of Okhotsk with a recurrence period of 100 years. 相似文献
4.
We perform the analysis of the time spectra of four tsunamis generated in the Black Sea by the earthquakes of 26.07.1927,
11.09.1927, 26.12.1939, and 12.07.1966. For the analysis of the spectra, we used digitized marigrams obtained for 12 points
of the Black-Sea coast. The obtained spectra are, as a rule, multimode and have 1–4 spectral maxima. One maximum corresponds
to the periods typical of tsunami waves and the other maxima correspond to the oscillations of the sea level with lower frequencies.
It seems likely that the events of tsunami are accompanied by low-frequency oscillations of the level caused by the atmospheric
forcing, seiches, or other factors. In numerous cases, the oscillations from the predominant energy range lie outside the
characteristic range of periods of the tsunami waves.
__________
Translated from Morskoi Gidrofizicheskii Zhurnal, No. 5, pp. 21–30, September–October, 2007. 相似文献
5.
A study of tsunami events in the East （Japan） Sea using continuous Galerkin finite element model, aiming at reproducing tsunami waves generated by underwater earthquakes in 1983 and 1993 respectively has been performed focusing on the geographic extent of a topographic feature in the East （Japan） Sea. Numerical models can be the proper tools to study the combined effects of realistic topography. Subsequently, using the FEM based two-dimensional model we have simulated the smoothed and flattened topographic effects by removal of Yamato Rise and seamounts for the cases of tthe 1983 Central region earthquake tsunami and the 1993 southwestern Hokkaido earthquake tsunami. The results have shown that there will be higher tsunamis along the eastern coasts of Korea in general except some areas, like Sokcho with removal of topographic highs, thus providing complicated bottom topography of the East （Japan） Sea as effective tsunami energy scattering. 相似文献
6.
I. S. Kostenko A. A. Kurkin E. N. Pelinovsky A. Yalciner 《Izvestiya Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics》2016,52(1):89-100
The features of the propagation of the tsunami of March 11, 2011 in the northeastern Pacific have been studied with the aim of revealing the degree of influence of the Kuril Islands on the penetration of the tsunami in the Sea of Okhotsk. For this, a series of computational experiments have been performed within the shallow water theory using bathymetry (1) with and (2) without the Kuril Islands. The wave heights calculated have been analyzed, and the tsunami’s magnitude and intensity in the Sea of Okhotsk have been estimated. The computational experiments performed allow assessment of a decrease in the tsunami intensity while passing the Kuril Islands. 相似文献
7.
在COMCOT海啸数学模型中加入潮汐边界条件,建立了东中国海天文潮与海啸耦合数学模型。在琉球海沟内侧设计震级为7.6级的海底地震,根据地震板块的错动方向不同,设计正波先行与负波先行两种海啸波,通过调整海啸波发生时间,使海啸波波峰遭遇温州湾天文高潮位。将天文潮与海啸耦合模型计算结果与线性叠加计算结果进行比较,结果表明:无论正波先行还是负波先行,天文潮与海啸耦合计算相比线性叠加的结果,海啸波的到达时间均有所提前;而从海啸波波高来看,线性叠加的计算结果则比耦合计算结果偏高。 相似文献
8.
9.
Hirofumi Hinata Satoshi Fujii Keita Furukawa Tomoya Kataoka Masafumi Miyata Takashi Kobayashi Masahiro Mizutani Takahiro Kokai Nobuyoshi Kanatsu 《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》2011
Signals from the tsunami waves induced by the March 11, 2011 moment magnitude (Mw) 9.0 Tohoku-Oki earthquake and from subsequent resonances were detected as radial velocity variability by a high-frequency ocean surface radar (HF radar) installed on the eastern coast of the Kii Channel, at a range of about 1000 km from the epicenter along the eastern to southern coasts of Honshu Island. A time–distance diagram of band-passed (9–200 min) radial velocity along the beam reveals that the tsunami waves propagated from the continental shelf slope to the inner channel as progressive waves for the first three waves, and then natural oscillations were excited by the waves; and that the direction of the tsunami wave propagation and the axis of the natural oscillations differed from that of the radar beam. In addition, spectral analyses of the radial velocities and sea surface heights obtained in the channel and on the continental shelf slope suggest complex natural oscillation modes excited by the tsunami waves. 相似文献
10.
S. F. Dotsenko 《Physical Oceanography》2001,11(5):411-424
We perform the analysis of tsunami waves in the shelf zone of the Crimean peninsula generated by underwater earthquakes whose
epicentres are located near the lower boundary of the continental slope. For this purpose, we use a one-dimensional nonlinear
dissipative numerical model of long waves. The investigated distributions of the depth of the basin correspond to four points
of the south coast of the Crimean peninsula. We use the empirical dependences of parameters of the sources of tsunami waves
on the magnitude of the earthquake obtained earlier for the Pacific Ocean. It is shown that the height, vertical climb, and
duration of tsunami waves increase with the magnitude of the earthquake. For equal magnitudes of the earthquake, the highest
tsunamis on the south coast of the Crimea are observed between Alushta and Yalta. We also deduced a generalized regression
dependence of the height of tsunami waves near the coast on the magnitude of the earthquake.
Translated by Peter V. Malyshev and Dmitry V. Malyshev 相似文献
11.
海啸波传播的线性和非线性特征及近海陆架效应影响的数值研究 总被引：3，自引：2，他引：1
浅水方程被广泛应用于海啸预警报业务及研究,而针对线性浅水方程与非线性浅水方程在不同海区水深地形条件下的适用范围、计算效率问题是海啸研究人员急需了解的。本文应用基于浅水方程的海啸数值预报模型就海啸波在南海、东海传播的线性、非线性特征以及陆架对其传播之影响进行了数值分析研究。海啸波在深水的传播表征为强线性特征,此时线性系统对海啸波幅的模拟计算具有较高的精度和效率,而弱的非线性特征及弱的色散特征对海啸波幅的预报影响甚微,可以忽略不计。海啸波传播至浅水大陆架后受海底坡度变化、海底粗糙度等因素影响,波动的非线性效应迅速传播、积累,与线性浅水方程计算的海啸波相比表现出较大差异,主要表现为:在南海区,水深小于100m时,海啸波首波以后的系列波动非线性特征比较明显,两者波幅差别较大,但首波波幅的区别不大,因此对于该区域在不考虑海啸爬高的情况下,应用线性系统计算得到的海啸波幅也可满足海啸预警报的要求;在东海区由于陆架影响,海啸波非线性特征明显增强,水深小于100m区域,首波及其后系列波波幅均差异较大,故在该区域必须考虑海啸波非线性作用。本文就底摩擦项对海啸波首波波幅的影响进行了数值对比分析,结果表明:底摩擦作用对海啸波首波波幅影响仅作用于小于100m水深。最后,该文通过敏感性试验,初步分析了陆架宽度及陆架边缘深度对海啸波波幅的影响,得出海啸波经陆架传播共振、变形后,海啸波幅的放大或减小与陆架的宽度及陆架边缘水深有关。 相似文献
12.
马尼拉俯冲带潜在地震海啸对我国南部沿海城市构成巨大威胁,利用情景式数值模拟技术重构灾害过程并评估危险等级有助于理解南海海啸传播规律并指导预警预报和防灾减灾工作。根据美国太平洋海洋环境研究中心(Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory, PMEL)发布的马尼拉俯冲带断层参数设计Mw 7.5、Mw 8.1和Mw 8.5三个震级下共19个震源,应用非静压海啸数值模型(Non-hydrostatic Evolution of Ocean WAVE, NEOWAVE)模拟各震源激发海啸在南海海盆的传播过程,通过最大波辐和测点时间序列发现海啸波能量传输分布并评估代表区域危险等级。研究表明, Mw 7.5级地震海啸对我国南部沿海的影响较低,波幅一般不超过30 cm; Mw 8.1级地震海啸对华南沿海主要造成太平洋海啸预警中心定义的Ⅱ或Ⅲ级海啸危险等级,海啸影响范围和能量分布特征由震源位置决定; Mw 8.5级地震海啸主要对中国沿海构... 相似文献
13.
Sergey Alexandrovich Gorbarenko Evgenia L’vovich Goldberg Michaele Kashgarian Tat’yana Alekseevna Velivetskaya Sergey Petrovich Zakharkov Vladimir Stepanovich Pechnikov Alexandr Anatol’evich Bosin Olga Yur’evna Psheneva Elena Diamilevna Ivanova 《Journal of Oceanography》2007,63(4):609-623
The paper presents the records of several paleoproductivity proxies (PP) (biogenic opal and Ba (Si_bio, Ba_bio), organic carbon
(C_org) and carbonate Ca_carb, chlorin and benthic foraminifera abundance (BFA)) in sediments of the Okhotsk Sea for the last
80 kyr with a resolution of ∼100–300 years. The sediment age model was based on the AMS 14C data, records of benthic foraminifera δ18O, paleointensity of the Earth’s geomagnetic field and magnetic susceptibility. PP values demonstrate series of severe prolonged
productivity drops in the Okhotsk Sea followed by a sharp increase during the last glaciation. On the basis of quantitative
estimations of the paleoproductivity in the Okhotsk Sea during the cold MIS 2 and warm Holocene (Gorbarenko and Goldberg,
2005), it is suggested that the millennium scale relationship in productivity-climate changes of this basin was similar: an
increase in the sea’s productivity was related with regional climate warming and vice-versa. The PP records of productivity/climate
oscillations in the Okhotsk Sea during MIS 2–4 occurred contemporaneously with the North Atlantic cold Heinrich events (HE)
and Greenland Dansgaard-Oyeshger interstadial (DOI). Observed successions of prolonged climate cooling events followed by
rapid, abrupt warming are similar to climate and environmental oscillations in the N. Atlantic and Greenland, that confirms
the millennium-scale climate changes synchronicities in the Northern Hemisphere including the far NW Pacific, the hydrology
and climate conditions of which are close to those of the Okhotsk Sea. Synchronism of the N. Hemisphere severe cooling (including
the Okhotsk Sea) with the Antarctic warming suggests that mechanisms of the “seesaw” effect (Blunier and Brook, 2001) in the
low latitude heat redistribution between high latitudes of both hemispheres were more complicated than direct NADW formation
forcing and encompasses the global atmospheric reorganization. Within the PP used a closer connection in the Okhotsk Sea millennium
oscillations was observed for the C_org, BFA and chlorin; Ba_bio increases more closely to DOI. Si_bio variability does not
show any evident correlation with productivity changes. 相似文献
14.
本文利用数值模拟技术重现了1707年宝永地震海啸的传播过程,定量分析了我国东海沿岸海啸时空分布特征。计算结果表明,地震发生2.5小时后海啸波传至东海陆架,震后6小时浙江沿海地区遭到海啸的袭击,沿岸最大海啸波高为0.8米。通过海啸波在东海大陆架传播时海底地形与波幅的关系,研究分析了东海陆架缓变地形下海啸放大效应,为及时判断沿海可能的海啸强度和受灾程度提供了便捷的估算方法。此外,本文还评估了南海海槽发生极端地震时,中国东海沿岸的海啸危险性,为东海区域针对日本南海海槽进行海啸预警和减灾评估提供定量科学的参考。 相似文献
15.
基于数值模拟的渤海海域地震海啸危险性定量化研究 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
根据地震海啸产生的条件,结合渤海海域的地形特征、地质构造、地震学特征和历史地震及海啸记录对渤海海域潜在的地震海啸进行了数值模拟研究。分析了渤海可能引发地震海啸的震源区域,讨论了渤海发生海啸灾害的可能性。文中通过数值模拟再现了渤海历史上几次规模较大的地震事件可能引发的海啸情景,研究分析了可能的地震海啸在渤海及周边海域的传播过程及波动特征.地震海啸传播模型采用基于四叉树原理的自适应网格加密技术,有效解决了局部分辨率与计算效率之间的矛盾。数值计算包括地震海啸产生及传播过程。利用该模型对渤海潜在的地震海啸进行了数值计算,基于数值计算结果定量阐述了渤海海域潜在地震海啸对渤海局部岸段及北黄海沿岸的影响,给出了渤海可能地震海啸危险性划分;研究结果将为我国海啸危险性分析和海啸预警技术研究工作提供技术支持。 相似文献
16.
We perform the numerical analysis of the process of propagation of long waves in the northwest part of the Black Sea and consider
ten possible zones of the seismic generation of tsunamis. The numerical analysis is performed on a grid with steps of 500 m.
It is shown that the location of the tsunami source significantly affects the distribution of the heights of waves along the
coast. As a rule, the most intense waves are formed in the closest part of the coast. The earthquakes in the South-Coast seismic
zone do not lead to the formation of tsunamis in the west part of the sea. Only strong earthquakes in the northwest part of
the sea can be responsible for noticeable oscillations of the Black-Sea level. The period of tsunamis near Odessa is close
to 1 h and depends on the magnitude of the earthquake. In the region of Sevastopol, this period is 2--3 times smaller. In
the major part of the coastal points, the extreme elevations and lowerings of the sea level do not exceed (in modulus) the
initial displacements of the sea surface at the source of tsunamis. An intensification of waves emitted from the zones of
generation located in the deeper part of the investigated region was observed for some parts of the Romanian coast and the
west coast of Crimea. As the magnitude of the earthquake increases, the intensification of waves near the coast becomes more
pronounced. 相似文献
17.
2017年9月8日4时49分（UTC），墨西哥瓦哈卡州沿岸海域（15.21°N，93.64°W）发生Mw8.2级地震，震源深度30 km。强震在该海域引发海啸，海啸对震源附近数百千米范围内造成了严重影响。位于太平洋上的多个海啸监测网络捕捉到了海啸信号并详细记录了此次海啸的传播过程。本文选用了近场2个DART浮标和6个验潮站的水位数据，通过潮汐调和分析和滤波分离出海啸信号，对近场海啸特征值进行了统计分析，并采用小波变换分析方法进一步分析了海啸的波频特征。基于Okada弹性位错理论断层模型计算得到了强震引发的海底形变分布，并采用MOST海啸模式对本次海啸事件近场传播特征进行了模拟，模拟结果与观测吻合较好。最后，基于实测和模拟结果，详细分析了此次地震海啸的近场分布特征，发现除受海啸源的强度和几何分布特征影响外，近岸海啸波还主要受地形特征控制，在与特定地形相互作用后波幅产生放大效应，会进一步加剧海啸造成的灾害。 相似文献
18.
《African Journal of Marine Science》2013,35(3-4):705-712
Analysis of sea-level data obtained from the Atlantic Global Sea Level Observing System (GLOSS) sea-level station at Takoradi, Ghana, West Africa, clearly reveals a tsunami signal associated with the Mw = 9.3 Sumatra earthquake of 26 December 2004 in the Indian Ocean. The tsunami arrived at this location on 27 December 2004 at approximately 01:38 UTC (which is close to the expected tsunami arrival time at that site), after travelling for more than 24 hours. The first wave was negative (trough), in contrast with the South African stations where the first wave was mainly positive (crest). The dominant observed period at Takoradi was about 42 minutes. The maximum trough-to-crest wave height (41cm) was observed on 28 December at 00:15 UTC. There were two distinct tsunami 'bursts', separated in time by about 14 hours, the larger being the second burst. A small residual lowering of the sea level (～15cm) during the tsunami and for several days afterwards, and a delayed (～4.5 days) lowering of seawater temperature (up to ～4.5°C), was observed, possibly indicating the presence of internal waves through the Gulf of Guinea associated with propagating tsunami waves. The prominent tsunami signal found in the Takoradi record suggests that tsunami waves could also be found at other sites off the West African coast. 相似文献
19.
This paper describes the geotectonics of the Caspian Sea basin and the seismicity of its central part. The seismicity analysis enables us to identify the most probable zones of tsunami generation. We also present a brief review of the historical records of tsunamis in the Caspian Sea. In order to estimate the tsunami risk, we used the method of numerical hydrodynamic simulation while taking into account the real topography of the Caspian Sea. The computation of the wave field for the possible tsunamis occurring in the central part of the Caspian Sea allowed us to estimate the maximum expected heights of the waves along the coast of the CIS countries (Russia, Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan, and Turkmenistan). On the basis of the earthquake statistics in the region and the results of numerical experiments, we show that the extreme wave heights can reach 10 m at certain parts of the coast. Such extreme events correspond to extended (up to 200 km) seismic sources with M S ～ 8 and a recurrence period of T ≈ 1600 years. The tsunami wave heights are expected to be as high as 3 m for sources of lesser extent (<50 km) with earthquake magnitudes of M S ～ 7 and a recurrence period of 200 years. 相似文献
20.
Y. Tony Song L.-L. Fu Victor Zlotnicki Chen Ji Vala Hjorleifsdottir C.K. Shum Yuchan Yi 《Ocean Modelling》2008,20(4):362-379
For a long time, people have believed that the vertical displacement of seafloor due to undersea earthquakes is the primary cause of tsunami genesis. However, seismically-inverted seafloor deformation of the 2004 Sumatra–Andaman earthquake shows that the total vertical displacement is not enough to have generated the powerful Indian Ocean tsunami. Based on the seismically-inverted data and a three-dimensional ocean general circulation model (OGCM), we show that the momentum force, transferred by the horizontal impulses of the faulting continental slope in that earthquake, has accounted for two thirds of the satellite-observed tsunami height and generated kinetic energy 5 times larger than the potential energy due to the vertical displacement. The asymmetric tsunami pattern, recorded by tide-gauges showing leading-elevation waves toward Sri Lanka and leading-depression waves toward Thailand, is best explained by the horizontally-forced mechanism. The same mechanism has also explained the March 2005 Nias earthquake and tsunami data, suggesting that the horizontal motions of faulting have played more important roles in tsunami genesis than previously thought. 相似文献