共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 78 毫秒
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通过分析静海县的水资源现状、缺水原因及水资源工程利用情况,提出加强水资源统一管理、科学规划、建设节水型社会和依法治水等六项实现水资源可持续利用的对策。 相似文献
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河北省武安市属于资源型缺水地区,供需矛盾突出,地下水超采严重,水资源短缺已成为制约全市经济发展的主要因素。结合水资源利用现状进行分析,探索解决当前水资源问题的对策,提出了强化水资源管理、加大水资源开发力度、合理调配水资源、加强节水工作、开发雨洪资源等可持续利用战略。 相似文献
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聊城市属于北方资源性缺水地区,为实现以有限的水资源支持和保障经济社会的持续稳定发展,必须作好水资源可持续利用这篇大文章。本文分析了聊城市水资源特点,探讨了水资源开发利用中存在的主要问题,结合聊城市社会经济发展的客观实际,提出了缓解本市水资源优化配置的主要措施,,并就新世纪初期实现水资源可持续利用的保障措施进行研究和探讨。 相似文献
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天津市水资源可持续利用评价 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
将水资源、社会、经济和其它资源环境作为水资源可持续利用的影响因素,建立区域水资源可持续利用指标体系.根据国内有关法规并结合天津市的实际情况,划分各个基本指标的评分标准,将指标划分为五个等级,选取典型年,运用模糊数学中以相对隶属度、相对隶属函数为基础的模糊模式识别理论模型对水资源可持续利用进行评价,评价结果与实际情况基本相符. 相似文献
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以用水为主体的水质水量结合水资源评价方法 总被引：14，自引：0，他引：14
针对以往水资源评价中水质、水量分开评价的不足,结合北方地区的实际,提出了一种以用水为主体的水质水量结合评价方法。 相似文献
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"四水"转化研究综述 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
“四水”是指大气水、地表水、土壤水和潜水,“四水”之间的相互转化关系研究,对水资源评估、供需预测、合理开发利用水资源和节水灌溉都有十分重要的意义。本文总结前人在八个8方面“四水”两两之间相互转化的研究成果．归纳了“四水”转化研究存在的问题,讨论了未来的研究重点。 相似文献
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在一定条件下,水动力弥散作用较弱时,可应用突变界面模型来研究滨海含水层的海水入侵.本文应用了边界元数值模拟方法和狭缝槽模型,对影响界面运动的因素进行了分析,得出了界面变化的主要特征是:向内陆方向推进慢而向海洋方向消退快.有关结论可应用于地下水资源的管理和保护. 相似文献
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怀柔应急水源地自运行以来一直续采至今,由于连续干旱和多年的超设计规模运行,导致区内水文地质条件发生了较大变化,为保证其"应急供水"的能力,具备随时启动供水的功能,结合南水北调水源进京的机遇,从资源回补涵养和供水系统的热备运行两方面开展研究工作。在综合分析区域水文地质条件和研究多年地下水动态变化规律的基础上,利用地下水数值模型对怀柔应急水源地在不同开采条件下的回补方式和效果进行模拟,拟定了南水北调进京后区域水资源人工回补方案及应急水源地的热备运行方案,并模拟预测了水源地热备运行和地下水涵养效果,为怀柔应急水源地可持续供水提供科学依据。分析结果表明:南水北调水源进京后,怀柔应急水源地可采用夏季高峰集中供水与日常保压相结合的"集中开采"方案和日常"稳压开采"方案。 相似文献
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Michael J. Mottl Brian T. Glazer Ralf I. Kaiser Karen J. Meech 《Chemie der Erde / Geochemistry》2007,67(4):253-282
Water is formed from two of the three most abundant elements in the universe and so is abundant in interstellar space, in our Solar System, and on Earth, where it is an essential compound for the existence of life as we know it. Water ice acts as a substrate and reactant in interstellar clouds of gas and dust, enabling the formation of organic compounds that are important precursors to life and that eventually became incorporated into comets and asteroids in the early Solar System. Laboratory experiments have allowed us to infer the reaction pathways and mechanisms by which some of these compounds are formed. In these reactions, water can act as an energy transfer medium, increasing product yields, or it can lower yields by diluting reaction centers. Water can also destroy organic compounds when water ice decomposes under ionizing radiation and the decomposition products attack the compounds; whether this happens depends critically on temperature and structure of the ice, whether crystalline or amorphous. Ice structure and temperature also largely determine its gas content. As the solar nebula collapsed, icy mantles on interstellar grains probably sublimated and then recondensed onto other grains, thus influencing the transport of energy, mass, and angular momentum in the disk. Icy grains also influenced the temperature structure of the disk because they influence mean disk opacity. Outside the “snow line” at 3–5 AU icy grains accreted to become part of comets and planetesimals that occupy the region of the outer planets, the Kuiper belt, and the Oort cloud. Water was acquired by the growing Earth by several mechanisms. Evidence from noble gas isotopes indicates that Earth achieved sufficient mass fast enough to capture an early H-rich atmosphere from the Solar nebula itself. Although the remnant of this primary atmosphere is now found only in the mantle, it may also reside in the core, which could contain most of the H on Earth (or none at all). The bulk silicate Earth contains only 500–1100 ppm H2O, an amount small enough to explain by “wet” accretion, although most of it probably accumulated with the latter half of Earth's mass from wetter planetary embryos originating beyond 1.5 AU. Degassing on impact delivered water to Earth's surface, where it dissolved into a magma ocean, a process that likely saved it from loss during subsequent catastrophic impacts such as the Moon-forming giant impact, which resulted in >99% loss of the noble gas inventory. Although most of Earth's water probably came from meteoritic material, the depletion on Earth of Xe relative to Kr strongly suggests a role for comets. The role of water in supporting life is an essential one on Earth and probably elsewhere, given the unusual properties of water compared with other potentially abundant compounds. Its dipolarity, high boiling point and heat of vaporization and, for ice, melting temperature; its expansion on freezing; and its solvent properties make it an ideal medium for life. Life originated early on Earth, indicating an abundance of water, nutrients, precursor molecules, substrates, and appropriate physical and chemical conditions. Life adapted quickly to (and may have originated in) extreme environments, of heat, cold, dryness, saltiness, and acidity. This adaptation to extreme conditions bodes well for the prospect of finding life elsewhere in our Solar System and in planetary systems around other stars. 相似文献
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D. M. Rockwood 《GeoJournal》1979,3(5):461-470
The science and engineering required for harnessing the energy from falling water are well established; the basic concepts are understood by the general public, and up to the last decade, there was strong public acceptance in developing water resource projects to provide an economic, reliable, and renewable source of electric power. At this time, however, water development projects are being critically analyzed with regard to overall justification on an economic, environmental and social basis. Further, various alternative power sources are being considered, which are widely variable with regard to economic justification, environmental effects, social and political problems, technology, reliability, and practical utilization.The purpose of this paper is to present a brief, nontechnical review of the principles of hydropower in order to give a non-water specialist an understanding of its overall potential and capabilities as well as problems related to its development. The paper considers the association between water and energy as related to hydropower, but it does not attempt to analyze the use of water in developing other forms of energy from thermal sources. The discussion presents a brief summary of (1) the historical background and physical concepts of hydropower; (2) the elements of hydropower engineering; (3) the overall availability of hydropower on a worldwide basis; (4) the integration of hydropower projects into multipurpose water development programs; (5) the environmental aspects of hydropower development; (6) and a case study of the Columbia River development. 相似文献
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