共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 686 毫秒
1.
遥感数据的分形测量 总被引：15，自引：0，他引：15
用分形几何学方法对遥感数据进行了分析,从而定量解释遥感影像。共编制了３种分数维测量方法,它们是分线方法（或等值线方法）,方差方法和三角棱柱方法。用分线方法计算了腾冲地区陆地卫星ＴＭ数据的分数维。图像数据的等值线长度分别按行,按列和按行－列方法处理记取以便能发现图像的模式变化。当图像有明显的走向模式时,按行方法所测量的Ｄ值与按列方法测得的Ｄ值是不同的。按行－列方法测量的Ｄ值几乎不受定向模式的影响。当Ｒ（相关系数）＞０．９时,按３种方式记取等值线所得到的Ｄ值的变化趋势是一致的,都能给出图像数据中的空间相互关系。通过分维测量,不但能描述图像数据的整体特征而且能描述图像数据中的每个值的特征,揭示遥感数据表观的无序性和内在的规律性,更重要的是可把这些Ｄ值与地面物体之间建立联系来探讨各种自然现象中的有用信息。 相似文献
2.
分形理论已经在影像压缩、分割、去噪等方面表现出了较大的优势,其特点是能够准确地描述影像的空间结构信息和变化规律。分别采用分线法和三角棱柱法对同一实验地区的多种分辨率不同波段的遥感卫星影像进行分析,分别计算了图像中不同地形区域(如城区、湖泊、田地等)的分形维数,并根据两种算法的特性对图像进行了特征分析。多源遥感影像的实验结果证明,分形维数确实可以作为影像特征分析的一个重要工具,并可以指导分析遥感影像的应用情况。此外,在计算分形维数的过程中,采用三折线拟合法自适应地确定影像的无标度区间,提高了分形维数计算结果的可靠性。 相似文献
3.
Variogram Fractal Dimension Based Features for Hyperspectral Data Dimensionality Reduction 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Kriti Mukherjee Jayanta K Ghosh Ramesh C. Mittal 《Journal of the Indian Society of Remote Sensing》2013,41(2):249-258
In this paper a new approach for fractal based dimensionality reduction of hyperspectral data has been proposed. The features have been generated by multiplying variogram fractal dimension value with spectral energy. Fractal dimension bears the information related to the shape or characteristic of the spectral response curves and the spectral energy bears the information related to class separation. It has been observed that, the features provide accuracy better than 90 % in distinguishing different land cover classes in an urban area, different vegetation types belonging to an agricultural area as well as various types of minerals belonging to the same parent class. Statistical comparison with some conventional dimensionality reduction methods validates the fact that the proposed method, having less computational burden than the conventional methods, is able to produce classification statistically equivalent to those of the conventional methods. 相似文献
4.
本文在分形表面积与体积关系的基础上，导出了一种估计影像表面分维数的新方法──ＳＡＶＲ法。通过对合成的已知维数分形影像数据的测试，表明新方法在分维估值准确性和无标度区特性方面表现较优，进一步与ＢＬＡＮＫＥＴ法分维估计实验比较得出，ＳＡＶＲ法具有较强的保持多分辨影像分维估值的稳定性。最后提出了基于ＳＡＶＲ法方向分维的纹理特征度量并给出了在方向纹理分析中的应用实例。 相似文献
5.
David B. Kidner J. Mark Ware rew J. Sparkes & Christopher B. Jones 《Transactions in GIS》2000,4(4):361-378
It is often assumed that real land surfaces demonstrate the statistically self-affine scaling behaviour of fractional Brownian surfaces. Tests of this assumption against empirical data, however, show many deviations. Estimates of fractal properties vary between methods and over different scale ranges. So far, this empirical evidence has come from the analysis of variograms for DEMs representing areas up to tens of kilometres in diameter. Here we report results obtained by using variograms to analyse land surface DEMs at the continental scale, with a grid resolution of 30 arc seconds. Results reveal variogram curvature and breaks of slope, but also linear sections over distance lags of hundreds of kilometres. The estimated mean fractal dimension calculated from these sections is 2.66, substantially higher for all continents at these broad scales (around 200 km) than values calculated at the erosional landscape scale (around 200 m). Thus the land surface is not self-affine, and it is not clear that it follows any simple multifractal model. At the longest wavelengths, patterns found in the variograms appear to be related to broad tectonic features of the Earth's surface. For the reader to assess their quality and generality, estimates of fractal dimension should always be accompanied by statements of the scale range covered and the goodness of fit to a log-linear relationship. 相似文献
6.
分形数学是新近发展起来以研究自然界复杂的无法用传统数学理论去描述的现象和过程为对象的数学理论。而RS和GIS的结合是目前遥感图像研究的热点。本文用 3种方法来计算选定图像的分形维数。这 3种方法分别是分线法 ,坡面法和三棱柱法 ,其中坡面法是作者提出的一种新方法。本文在GIS支持下用Matlab实现了 3种算法 ,并用此法计算出了 3种地形 (城市 ,农田和湖泊 )的分形维数。 相似文献
7.
地图目标局部分形描述的元分维模型的实现 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
提出了一种基于分形理论的元分维模型，可以用于描述地图目标的局部形态特征变化，为地图目标的进一步分析应用提供了一个新的思路。 相似文献
8.
《International Journal of Digital Earth》2013,6(2):157-186
Abstract A significant Geographic Information Science (GIS) issue is closely related to spatial autocorrelation, a burning question in the phase of information extraction from the statistical analysis of georeferenced data. At present, spatial autocorrelation presents two types of measures: continuous and discrete. Is it possible to use Moran's I and the Moran scatterplot with continuous data? Is it possible to use the same methodology with discrete data? A particular and cumbersome problem is the choice of the spatial-neighborhood matrix (W) for points data. This paper addresses these issues by introducing the concept of covariogram contiguity, where each weight is based on the variogram model for that particular dataset: (1) the variogram, whose range equals the distance with the highest Moran I value, defines the weights for points separated by less than the estimated range and (2) weights equal zero for points widely separated from the variogram range considered. After the W matrix is computed, the Moran location scatterplot is created in an iterative process. In accordance with various lag distances, Moran's I is presented as a good search factor for the optimal neighborhood area. Uncertainty/transition regions are also emphasized. At the same time, a new Exploratory Spatial Data Analysis (ESDA) tool is developed, the Moran variance scatterplot, since the conventional Moran scatterplot is not sensitive to neighbor variance. This computer-mapping framework allows the study of spatial patterns, outliers, changeover areas, and trends in an ESDA process. All these tools were implemented in a free web e-Learning program for quantitative geographers called SAKWeb© (or, in the near future, myGeooffice.org). 相似文献
9.
This paper summarizes a few spatial statistical analysis methods for to measuring spatial autocorrelation and spatial association, discusses the criteria for the identification of spatial association by the use of global Moran Coefficient, Local Moran and Local Geary. Furthermore, a user-friendly statistical module, combining spatial statistical analysis methods with GIS visual techniques, is developed in Arcview using Avenue. An example is also given to show the usefulness of this module in identifying, and quantifying the underlying spatial association patterns between economic units. 相似文献
10.
西双版纳土地利用时空分形特征分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
本文以西双版纳为研究区域,通过解译2009、2014、2018年3期遥感影像,提取土地利用数据,利用转移矩阵和分形理论,定量分析不同时期土地利用空间结构的复杂性、稳定性及变化规律。研究结果表明：该地区近十年居民点和橡胶园面积有所增加,林地面积相应减少;其中居民点主要由橡胶园和耕地转化而来,橡胶园主要由旱地和林地转化而来;林地主要转化为灌木和橡胶园;根据分形理论中分维数及稳定性指数得出,居民点的空间结构最为规则,空间分布最为稳定,林地、橡胶园的空间结构较为简单,旱地内部镶嵌结构复杂,边缘粗糙,分布规律趋向于随机。 相似文献
11.
Application of integration of spatial statistical analysis with GIS to regional economic analysis 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
CHENFei DUDaosheng 《地球空间信息科学学报》2004,7(4):262-267
This paper summarizes a few spatial statistical analysis methods for to measuring spatial autocorrelation and spatial association, discusses the criteria for the identification of spatial association by the use of global Moran Coefficient, Local Moran and Local Geary. Furthermore, a user-friendly statistical module, combining spatial statistical analysis methods with GIS visual techniques, is developed in Arcview using Avenue. An example is also given to show the usefulness of this module in identifying and quantifying the underlying spatial association patterns between economic units. 相似文献
12.
It is well known that terrain may vary markedly over small areas and that statistics used to characterise spatial variation in terrain may be valid only over small areas. In geostatistical terminology, a non-stationary approach may be considered more appropriate than a stationary approach. In many applications, local variation is not accounted for sufficiently. This paper assesses potential benefits in using non-stationary geostatistical approaches for interpolation and for the assessment of uncertainty in predictions with implications for sampling design. Two main non-stationary approaches are employed in this paper dealing with (1) change in the mean and (2) change in the variogram across the region of interest. The relevant approaches are (1) kriging with a trend model (KT) using the variogram of residuals from local drift and (2) locally-adaptive variogram KT, both applied to a sampled photogrammetrically derived digital terrain model (DTM). The fractal dimension estimated locally from the double-log variogram is also mapped to illustrate how spatial variation changes across the data set. It is demonstrated that estimation of the variogram of residuals from local drift is worthwhile in this case for the characterisation of spatial variation. In addition, KT is shown to be useful for the assessment of uncertainty in predictions. This is shown to be true even when the sample grid is dense as is usually the case for remotely-sensed data. In addition, both ordinary kriging (OK) and KT are shown to provide more accurate predictions than inverse distance weighted (IDW) interpolation, used for comparative purposes. 相似文献
13.
城市交通网络分形维数的不确定性估计、控制与分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
长度-半径维数模型作为描述城市交通网络复杂不确定性现象的一种分形分维方法,其自身存在的不确定性往往被忽视,且相关研究更是鲜见报道。故针对该模型在分形维数测算全过程中存在的不确定性问题,本文率先开展了系统剖析、定量估计和质量控制研究。首先对数据源、矢量化处理、测算中心、尺度选择、以及分维数模型估计等一系列环节进行了不确定性估计与分析,其中首次给出了分形维数在一定置信水平下的不确定性度量区间,并依据误差传播理论对误差的传递和累积进行了描述;然后着重提出了基于LMed S(Least Median of Squares)的质量控制方法。最后通过对拉萨市的算例实验表明:道路的矢量化过程、测算中心和测算尺度的选择都会导致分维的不确定性;并在对数据质量进行控制的基础上,通过置信区间对长度-半径维数模型的不确定性进行了在一定概率水平下的首次度量;同时结合区域现状对研究结果给出了合乎实际的解释。本文在描述表征不确定性问题的分形几何和分形维数的基础上,系统地揭示了其自身不确定性的本质,不仅进一步丰富了分形分维理论,为控制其质量奠定理论基础,而且可为城市交通网络分形维数的地学应用提供可靠的科学依据。 相似文献
14.
Isabelle Thomas Pierre Frankhauser Dominique Badariotti 《Journal of Geographical Systems》2012,14(2):189-208
The objective of this paper is to show that morphological similarities between built-up urban surfaces are greater across
borders than within cities in Europe: living, architectural and planning trends are international. The spatial arrangement
of built-up areas is analysed here by means of fractal indices using a set of 97 town sections selected from 18 European urban
agglomerations. The fractal dimension is estimated by correlation techniques. Results confirm that morphological similarities
are higher across countries/cities than within. Moreover, two types of fractal laws are considered: one uses the basic fractal
scaling law; the other introduces a prefactor a that is often called a “form factor” in the fractal literature. Differences in the results obtained by both laws are explained
empirically as well as theoretically, and suggestions are made for further measurements. 相似文献
15.
分形理论在城市交通网络时空演变特征研究中的应用--以上海市为例 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
以上海城市交通网络为例，通过不同行政区域交通网络的分维值测算，研究了分形特征的空间变化；利用上海全域及典型行政区交通网络不同时代的分维，研究了分形特征的时间演化。结果表明，上海城市交通网络的分形特征在空间域上城区内域明显复杂于外域，在城市发展主轴方向上表现为由内向外分维测度值的降低；而在时间域，近期的交通网络分形复杂度明显高于早期，反映了城市发展与形态演化的时间过程。 相似文献
16.
Sergio Colombo Mario Chica-Olmo Francisco Abarca Hugh Eva 《ISPRS Journal of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing》2004,58(5-6):330-341
Tropical forest mapping is one of the major environmental concerns at global and regional scales in which remote sensing techniques are firmly involved. This study examines the use of the variogram function to analyse forest cover fragmentation at different image scales. Two main aspects are considered here: (1) analysis of the spatial variability structure of the forest cover observed at three different scales using fine, medium and coarse spatial resolution images; and (2) the study of the relationship between rescaled images from the finest spatial resolution and those of the medium and coarse spatial resolutions. Both aspects are analysed using the variogram function as a basic tool to calculate and interpret the spatial variability of the forest cover. An example is presented for a Brazilian tropical forest zone using satellite images of different spatial resolutions acquired by Landsat TM (30 m), Resurs MSU (160 m) and ERS ATSR (1000 m). The results of this study contribute to establishing a suitable spatial resolution of remotely sensed data for tropical forest cover monitoring. 相似文献
17.
18.
本文首先分析了遥感影像尺度的三层次内涵。重点针对遥感像元尺度,分析了遥感像元尺度效应及其分形机理,由于现有分形方法没有考虑影像本身尺度(空间分辨率),造成尺度间分形维数的比较时像元尺度效应变化难以有效反映,本文针对此问题提出了基于表面积的加窗分形布朗运动和加窗双层地毯两种改进分形方法。为验证改进分形方法的可靠性,采用了不同像元尺度下系列监督分类进行验证。试验结果表明,每种地物的分维数都随着空间分辨率的降低或像元尺度的缩小,呈总体下降趋势,在某些特征尺度上会出现预示着某些地物结构的拐点,这些拐点对观测该区域地物具有一定指示意义。系列监督分类精度也一定程度上证明了以上两种改进分形方法在分析尺度效应中的可行性。因此本文的方法对于分析遥感像元尺度效应和探索地物尺度聚合规律具有一定的理论意义。 相似文献
19.
Fractal geometry provides a means for describing and analysing the complexity of various features present in digital images. In this paper, characteristics of Fractal based compression of satellite data have been tested for Indian Remote Sensing (IRS) images (of different bands and resolution). The fidelity and efficiency of the algorithm and its relationship with spatial complexity of images is also evaluated. Results obtained from fractal compression have been compared with popularly used compression methods such as JPEG 2000, WinRar. The effect of bands and pixel resolution on the compression rate has also been examined. The results from this study show that the fractal based compression method provides higher compression rate while maintaining the information content of RS images to a great extent than that of JPEG. This paper also asserts that information loss due to fractal compression is minimal. It may be concluded that fractal technique has many potential advantages for compression of satellite images. 相似文献
20.
Most geospatial phenomena can be interpreted probabilistically because we are ignorant of the biophysical processes and mechanisms
that have jointly created and observed events. This philosophy is important because we are certain about the phenomenon under
study at sampled locations, except for measurement errors, but, in between the sampled, we become uncertain about how the
phenomenon behaves. Geostatistical uncertainty characterization is to generate random numbers in such a way that they simulate
the outcomes of the random processes that created the existing sample data. This set of existing sample is viewed as a partially
sampled realization of that random function model. The random function’s spatial variability is described by a variogram or
covariance model. The realized surfaces need to honour sample data at their locations, and reflect the spatial structure quantified
by the variogram models. They should each reproduce the sample histogram representative of the whole sampling area. This paper
will review the fundamentals in stochastic simulation by covering univariate and indicator techniques in the hope that their
applications in geospatial information science will be wide-spread and fruitful.
Supported by the National 973 Program of China (No. 2006CB701302). 相似文献