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本文以无人驾驶技术的演化背景为出发点,总结自主导航地图,即高精地图的概念、与普通导航地图的区别、内容组成及数据来源。在此基础上,论述了高精制图流程的主要模块,包括先验图层的数据采集和更新、动态图层的实时构建、边缘计算、数据标准化和压缩服务。本文重点介绍了高精制图技术面临的4个研究难题及发展现状:①复杂驾驶环境的自动建模;②边角案例的数据采集;③伦理困境中的导航决策;④无人驾驶技术的安全性能评估。这些难题从不同的侧面挑战着高精地图自主导航能力的极限,需要政府立法机构、相关企业、研究机构和公众在全球范围内协同攻关。并指出,随着无人驾驶技术的不断完善,安全第一的研究重点将逐渐扩展成兼顾安全可信、环保节能和身心愉悦的移动体验,高精地图的结构化数码将衍生出多样化的适合人眼阅读的高清地图。如何充分提高导航数据的成本效益,实时生成高精地图和高清地图,同时为机器和人类提供最优服务,将成为新的研究热点。 相似文献
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无线电高度表和数字地图的组合构成地形轮廓匹配 (TERCOM )辅助导航系统 ,它是一种飞行导航定位的重要手段 ,由于地形辅助导航不依赖卫星导航系统、不受外界干扰、具有自主导航的功能 ,故近年来获得了迅速发展。本文对传统的地形匹配算法进行了如下改进 :利用实测高程序列和预测高程序列与基准图分别进行匹配 ,对飞行器进行实时定位并对下一时刻的航迹进行预测 ;利用递推和分层匹配策略提高配准效率 ;利用多判据组合匹配提高定位的可靠性。根据本文所提出的数学模型 ,并用外场飞行数据进行了匹配测试 ,结果证明该方法提高了地形轮廓匹配的可靠性和精度 ,取得了很好的效果。 相似文献
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《制图学和地理信息科学》2013,40(3):203-219
Multiple-monitor configurations provide attainable, low-cost ways to create large, high-resolution displays. Increased screen space is particularly useful for viewing and interpreting rich, complex geospatial datasets, as both context and amount of detail can be simultaneously increased. To explore the utility of increasing display size and resolution for viewing geospatial data, this experiment required 57 subjects to perform map and image reading tasks using raster and vector data on one of three different monitor configurations: one (1280 × 1024 pixels), four (2560 × 2048 pixels), and nine (3840 × 3072 pixels). A computer program captured subject performance by recording answers, mouse-click locations, viewing areas, tool usage, and elapsed time. A post-experiment questionnaire obtained additional qualitative feedback about subjects' testing experiences. Overall, subjects performed more efficiently on the larger display configurations, as evidenced by a reduction in completion time and in virtual navigation (mouse clicks) used to finish the test. Tool usage also differed among monitor conditions, with navigation tools dominating on the single monitor and selection tools (tools used to provide answers) dominating on the nine-monitor display. Although overall results indicated the effectiveness of larger displays, task-level analyses showed that performance varied considerably from task to task. 相似文献
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数字地图在车辆导航中应用的若干技术问题 总被引：7，自引：1，他引：7
分析了对各种车辆导航系统对数字地图的使用需求，提出了车辆导航专用数字地图的特点和建立车辆导航专用数字地图库的必要性，在此基础上对数字地图在车辆导航中的若干技术问题作了一些探讨，并提出了一种在大范围内实现路径规划的技术途径。 相似文献
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丁伟 《测绘与空间地理信息》2009,32(3):83-84,87
分析了各种车辆导航系统对数字地图的使用需求,提出了车辆导航专用数字地图的特点,并对数字地图在车辆导航中的若干技术问题作了一些探讨. 相似文献
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针对当前矢量地图导航缺乏真实环境信息,而视觉地理定位依赖海量图像标注数据的问题,提出了一种面向虚实融合的单体建筑物实时识别与定位方法。该方法以智能手机为载体,利用轻量级深度网络SSD(single shot detector)实时检测手机视频流中的建筑物对象类别,通过调用手机内置传感器获取当前定位信息与拍摄视角,并以矢量地图信息为辅助,在仅需识别出建筑物类别的情况中,准确获得单个建筑物的属性与定位信息,并与矢量地图进行叠加可视化,最终达到真实地理环境与矢量地图融合的增强导航。随机采集了550张建筑物图像,经过处理标注后作为训练标签,在计算机上训练SSD的建筑检测功能并且进行验证;将训练好的SSD网络模型迁移到移动端,结合地理围栏方法与手机传感器开发可识别建筑单体信息的增强导航系统,将系统部署在手机上进行测试。实验结果表明,该方法可充分利用矢量地图与实景图片的互补信息,在仅需少量建筑物标注样本的情况下,实现单体建筑物信息增强的手机端地图导航,有效缓解了矢量地图定位不够直观的问题。 相似文献
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《The Cartographic journal》2013,50(3):265-268
AbstractA main component of an Intelligent Transport System (ITS) is the navigation system to be used in the 'intelligent' vehicle. In fact, driving a vehicle is a complex task as the driver has to control the vehicle as well as make decisions about getting to his/her destination. Too much information on the map (i.e. a complex map) would confuse the driver, while too little information would not be sufficient for the user to compare with the actual environment. Sufficient information but poorly presented would also result in confusion.This paper reports on a study of the design of dynamic maps for land vehicle navigation through an investigation of different designs with different levels of information contents and visual effects using various dynamic variables. Different colours were assigned to the road and building names according to the position of the vehicle, and blinking symbols were used to indicate direction restrictions. Also, a set of maps with different degrees of complexity was designed such that the users would be provided with different levels of contents and representation by zooming in and out. The effectiveness of the design was investigated in the map evaluation process. 相似文献
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ABSTRACT We introduce a semantically-enriched method of generating color schemes for various types of digital maps that reduces the energy consumption of the display device while preserving the quality of the original design. Energy-aware design intersects two important trends in cartography. First, as more maps are viewed today on mobile, battery life has become a central constraint influencing design. Second, there is increasing need for green computing, which encourages the efficient use of energy to limit environmental impacts. This paper focuses on one important aspect of energy-aware cartography: color design. Existing research on energy-aware color adjustment methods apply broadly to images or websites. However, the colors used in maps have more structured semantic relationships than most documents viewed on mobile devices, and efforts to account for these relationships while reducing energy consumption are limited. To fill this gap, we mathematically formalize energy-aware map-color adjustment as a constrained optimization problem: we define energy consumption as the objective function and model the preservation of semantic relationships as the search constraints. We evaluate our proposed method against a common color dimming method using four maps with different semantic relationships. The evaluation suggests that our proposed method better preserves the original color semantics. 相似文献
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数字地图的理论、方法和技术体系探讨 总被引：8，自引：4，他引：4
本文探讨数字地图的理论、方法和技术体系,既介绍研究心得,更意在诚邀专家学者的合作。在理论体系方面,本文章阐述了数字地图的概念、体系结构、理论基础,以及数字地图带来的地图学新观念。在方法体系方面,文章阐述了数字地图能够解决的地学问题、数字地图的分析方法、数字地图的数据模型;在技术体系方面,文章阐述了数字地图制图系统、移动数字地图技术等内容。文章给出了数字地图的应用实例,包括国家自然地图集数据库、电子版、网络版,以及中国科学院资源环境数据库电子地图集等两内容。 相似文献
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《制图学和地理信息科学》2013,40(2):107-116
GPS-based pedestrian navigation systems have become increasingly popular. Different interface technologies can be used to communicate/convey route directions to pedestrians. This paper aims to empirically study the influence of different interface technologies on spatial knowledge acquisition in the context of GPS-based pedestrian navigation. A field experiment was implemented to address this concern. Firstly, the suitability of the evaluation methods in assessing spatial knowledge acquisition was analyzed empirically (focusing on the ability of differentiating “familiar” and “unfamiliar” participants). The suitable methods were then used to compare the influence of mobile maps, augmented reality, and voice on spatial learning. The field test showed that in terms of spatial knowledge acquisition, the three interface technologies led to comparable results, which were not significantly different from each other. The results bring some challenging issues for consideration when designing mobile pedestrian navigation systems. 相似文献
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PASCO公司以提供地理信息为基轴的新信息服务,产品用于专业网站的网上地图查询,面向电脑及手机的地图服务及结合GPS技术的车载导航系统等,同时与信息技术紧密结合充分运用于地图的数字化处理、数据分析、信息提取和自动维护、信息发布等诸多方面。 相似文献
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Automated Production of Schematic Maps for Mobile Applications 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
The advent of high‐end miniature technology, together with the increasing availability of large scale digital geographic data products, has created a demand for techniques and methodologies that assist in the automated generation of maps specifically tailored to mobile GIS applications. This paper concerns itself with the problem of automatic generation of schematic maps. Schematic maps are diagrammatic representations based on linear abstractions of networks. In the context of mobile mapping they are seen as being a particularly useful means of displaying transportation networks. This paper describes an algorithm that automates the production of schematic maps. The algorithm makes use of the simulated annealing optimisation technique. An implementation of the algorithm is also presented, together with experimental results. 相似文献
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Exploring differences of visual attention in pedestrian navigation when using 2D maps and 3D geo-browsers 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
ABSTRACTDespite the now-ubiquitous two-dimensional (2D) electronic maps, three-dimensional (3D) globe viewers, or 3D geo-browsers such as Google Earth and NASA World Wind have gained much attention. However, the effect of such interactive 3D geo-browsers on spatial knowledge acquisition and decision-making is not well known. This study aims to explore the potential benefits of using interactive 3D geo-browsers in three processes of pedestrian navigation (self-localization, spatial knowledge acquisition, and decision-making) in digital environments. We employed eye tracking to show differences of visual attention in pedestrian navigation between a 2D map (Google Map) and a 3D geo-browser (Google Earth). The results indicated that benefits and drawbacks of 3D representations are task dependent. Participants using the 3D geo-browser had an extensively visual search resulting in significantly longer response time than the 2D participants for spatial knowledge acquisition, whereas 3D users performed a more efficient visual search and resulted in a better navigation performance at complex decision points. We speculate that the inefficient knowledge acquisition when using the 3D geo-browser was most probably due to information overload and obstructed views. Landmarks in photorealistic 3D models assisted recall of spatial knowledge from mental maps, which contributed to efficient decision-making at a complex turning point. These empirical results can be helpful to improve the usability of pedestrian navigation systems. 相似文献
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Paper maps and mobile electronic devices have complementary strengths and shortcomings in outdoor use. In many scenarios, like small craft sailing or cross-country trekking, a complete replacement of maps is neither useful nor desirable. Paper maps are fail-safe, relatively cheap, offer superior resolution and provide large scale overview. In uses like open-water sailing it is therefore mandatory to carry adequate maps/charts. GPS based mobile devices, on the other hand, offer useful features like automatic positioning and plotting, real-time information update and dynamic adaptation to user requirements. While paper maps are now commonly used in combination with mobile GPS devices, there is no meaningful integration between the two, and the combined use leads to a number of interaction problems and potential safety issues. In this paper we explore the design space of augmented paper maps in which maps are augmented with additional functionality through a mobile device to achieve a meaningful integration between device and map that combines their respective strengths. 相似文献
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Hyunhee Park 《The Cartographic journal》2013,50(1):92-93
Abstract
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周知红 《测绘与空间地理信息》2018,(2):164-166,170
高精度车道级道路电子地图是实现车道级导航与监控的基础地理信息数据和必要条件,未来在无人驾驶汽车方面具有广阔的应用空间。本文通过高精度、高分辨率的道路航空影像,结合具有三维激光扫描和全景数据采集功能的移动测量车采集的相关道路数据,从这些数据中提取满足亚米级导航与监控要求的道路路网数据,包括车道数、车道宽等属性数据等,按照导航电子地图的要求制作高精度的道路电子地图。 相似文献
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《制图学和地理信息科学》2013,40(1):49-57
Many cartographers subscribe to the view that unclassed choropleth maps and multivariate choropleth maps exceed map readers' abilities to process visual information. This paper examines recent evidence which controverts both of these beliefs and discusses applications of a computer program, BICHOR, designed to produce unclassed bivariate choropleth maps interactively on a line plotter or CRT. The maps utilize crossed-line symbolism and putatively overcome both the quantization error inherent in conventionally classed choroplethic displays and the perceptual difficulties associated with color-encoding schemes used for earlier bivariate maps. 相似文献