共查询到19条相似文献，搜索用时 125 毫秒
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微波消解-耐氢氟酸系统电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法测定铌钽矿中的铌和钽 总被引：4，自引：4，他引：0
采用悬浮液进样进行原子光谱测定,可以减少样品前处理和不用酸碱化学试剂,是一种绿色化学的发展方向。本文采用表面张力仪对聚丙烯酸钠、聚氧化乙烯、六偏磷酸钠、柠檬酸三钠等表面活性剂与铅锌矿粉末组成悬浮液的表面张力进行测定,利用火焰原子吸收光谱法的雾化装置进行了雾化效率的考察和优化选择。随着表面活性剂浓度的增加,水溶液和悬浮液的雾化效率均增大,当达到一定浓度时,雾化效率增幅趋缓并达到最大值,不同表面活性剂具有不同变化趋势。对于聚氧化乙烯制备的悬浮液,在2 g/L浓度时具有最高的雾化效率;而聚丙烯酸钠在5 g/L浓度时具有更高的雾化效率,可达20%。表明表面活性剂能改善悬浮液的稳定性并提高雾化效率,可以应用于原子光谱的测定。 相似文献
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试验研究了相同配合比下素混凝土、层布式钢纤维混凝土和层布式混杂纤维混凝土弯拉性能，采集三者试件荷载-挠度曲线和90天龄期的极限荷载，并对比三者的28天龄期及90天龄期的弯拉强度，分析其弯拉强度增强机理，得出由于聚丙烯腈纤维和钢纤维的双重阻裂效应，使层布式混杂纤维混凝土的弯拉强度比素混凝土和层布式钢纤维混凝土的弯拉强度更高。 相似文献
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纤维混凝土的低温性能和冻融损伤机理研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
研究了低温环境下(气温变化为-15~5℃),聚丙烯腈(PAN)纤维对混凝土力学性能增长趋势的影响,探讨了快速冻融试验条件下(-17.5~7.5℃)PAN纤维混凝土的抗冻融耐久性,通过扫描电子显微镜(SEM)观察了PAN纤维在混凝土中的分散性以及纤维和混凝土界面结合状况.结果表明:掺入PAN纤维增加了混凝土的含气量、改善了混凝土的微观结构,提高了混凝土抗裂阻力,因而有利于混凝土低温环境下的强度增长和提高了混凝土的抗冻融耐久性.混凝土经受冻融循环破坏实质上是疲劳损伤累积的过程.通过实验研究和理论分析,探讨了聚丙烯腈纤维混凝土冻融疲劳损伤的机理,研究了纤维对混凝土抵抗冻融破坏的影响,建立了聚丙烯腈纤维混凝土冻融损伤的演变方程. 相似文献
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为掌握褐煤颗粒界面与煤泥水之间的相互作用规律,作者研究了褐煤颗粒在不同搅拌强度、浸泡时间以及不同粒度下对煤泥水溶液的pH值和电导率以及离子组成的影响,探讨了pH值、搅拌强度、浸泡时间、阳离子种类与浓度对褐煤颗粒表面Zeta电位以及含氧官能团的影响。结果表明,搅拌和浸泡使煤泥水溶液的pH值由弱酸性逐渐增大至中性,溶液电导率也逐渐增大,随着粒度的减小,悬浮液的酸性增强电导率增加。Zeta电位绝对值随着搅拌强度和pH值的增加总体呈上升趋势,浸泡使褐煤颗粒表面Zeta电位绝对值先减小后增大,当浸泡3 d时达到最小值,不同阳离子改变褐煤颗粒表面Zeta电位能力顺序为Al~(3+)>Ca~(2+)>Mg~(2+)>Na~+。搅拌使颗粒表面羧基和醇羟基含量增加,酚羟基含量先降低后增加,浸泡使羧基含量先降低后增加,而酚羟基和醇羟基含量逐渐增加。 相似文献
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山砂原材资源丰富、取材便捷,已广泛用于普通强度等级的混凝土。山砂表面粗糙、级配差、含泥量大等特点使其在配制高强度混凝土时具有一定难度。本文采用人工水洗山砂,在固定胶凝材料用量的情况下,考虑砂率、水胶比、 矿物掺和料组合掺量3个因素,每个因素考虑3个水平,找出各因素对混凝土标准龄期抗压强度的影响,利用正交实验设计优选混凝土的配合比设计参数。基于最优配合比设计参数,研究山砂石粉含量对高强混凝土和易性和抗压强度的影响。试验结果表明：最佳配合比方案为A1B2C2,机制山砂中含有7%至10%的石粉能改善混凝土的工作性能和抗压强度。 相似文献
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针对煤层气排采过程中煤粉产出易造成卡泵、埋泵等问题,以韩城区块太原组11号煤为研究对象,采用阴离子分散剂十二烷基硫酸钠SDS,以煤粉粒径、分散剂用量、煤粉浓度等作为影响因素,探究了分散剂对煤粉分散稳定性的影响规律,分析了分散剂与煤粉之间的相互作用机理。结果表明:不同粒径煤粉悬浮液煤粉分散效果不同,随着煤粉粒径增大,SDS悬浮液煤粉浓度出现不同程度下降;适宜的SDS分散剂用量,低的煤粉浓度,有利于煤粉在悬浮液中稳定分散,SDS分散剂质量浓度1.5~2.5 g/L,煤粉质量浓度小于30 g/L时较为适合煤粉稳定分散;分散剂的加入改变了悬浮液黏度,黏度的升高增加了携粉能力,同时不会影响洗井工艺中洗井液的返排。 相似文献
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水工混凝土的开裂问题是影响水工结构稳定性的重要问题,将适量的橡胶、纤维、矿粉、膨胀剂、粉煤灰等化学外加剂或矿物掺合料掺入混凝土中,对改善材料的内部孔隙结构、水化特征、收缩变形和早期抗裂性能具有积极作用.利用室内试验探讨水工混凝土双掺纤维膨胀剂的抗裂性能,深入揭示了纤维与膨胀剂的抗裂机理.结果发现,双掺纤维膨胀剂的抗裂性... 相似文献
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纤维混凝土是一种由粗细骨料、外加剂、水、水泥和纤维按适当比例混合而成的复合材料,具有较好的抗冻融、抗冲击、抗渗透、抗振动、增强增韧和阻裂耐磨等性能,在道路桥梁、市政、建筑、水利、海岸、隧道等多个工程领域应用广泛.通过研究纤维最优掺量区间及其主要类型,揭示纤维混凝土的抗裂、增韧、增强、阻裂和抗渗作用机理.阐述纤维混凝土在... 相似文献
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随着社会经济的快速发展,市政污泥产量逐年攀升,其安全处置对改善城市生态环境和经济可持续发展具有重要意
义。污泥由于含水率高,颗粒细小,粘滞性强,且富含有机质,因而存在机械脱水效率低和抗剪强度低等问题,填埋时容
易造成填埋场堆体发生侧滑、失稳等事故。纤维加筋是近些年发展起来的一种土质改良技术,为了研究该技术对污泥剪切
强度特性的影响,在不同固结压力下（50,100,200和400 kPa） 对纤维加筋污泥进行了一系列剪切试验,分析了纤维掺量
（0,0.05%,0.1%,0.2%,0.4%和0.8%） 对固结后污泥含水率、干密度及剪切强度的影响。结果表明：在不同固结压力
下,污泥排水固结后的含水率均随着纤维掺量的增加呈先减少后增加的趋势,而干密度则是先增加后减小,试验确定纤维
最优掺量为0.1%;污泥排水固结后的剪切强度则随着纤维掺量的增加而增加,纤维加筋作用对污泥的剪切强度提升效果十
分明显,100 kPa下加筋效果最显著;纤维加筋污泥的黏聚力和内摩擦角随纤维掺量的增加而增加,当纤维掺量超过0.4%
后,黏聚力增幅有放缓趋势,而内摩擦角的增幅则有加大趋势;在剪切破坏过程后期,随纤维掺量增加,应变硬化趋势更
为显著。 相似文献
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利用BP网络对负温钢纤维混凝土的实验所得到的抗压强度、抗折强度、抗拉强度、抗剪强度进行了仿真预测。误差检测表明,BP网络可成功地建立非线性的强度模型,准确地预测负温钢纤维混凝土的强度,表明了神经网络在负温钢纤维混凝土强度预测中的可行性。 相似文献
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门楼水库溢流坝段岩石与混凝土抗剪参数的确定 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
通过对门楼水库溢流坝段不同位置、不同深度、不同岩石风化程度在不同混凝土强度和不同含水率情况下近百块试块的室内直剪试验,研究了岩石和混凝土胶结面的抗剪强度与混凝土强度、岩石的风化破碎程度和含水率的关系。结果表明,混凝土的强度对胶结面的抗剪强度具有明显的影响;对于块状及次块状结构类型岩体,胶结面抗剪强度参数基本相同,但裂隙块体强度降低很多,部分块体破坏形态已不在是沿胶结面破坏,而是部分迁就胶合面,部分追随岩体内的结构面,并形成较大的起伏;随着含水率的增加,凝聚力和内摩擦角都明显降低。试块的抗剪强度只代表试验点的强度,为了得到建基面的抗剪强度,将岩石和混凝土的抗剪强度看作随机变量,引入区域化内变量和变异函数反映抗剪强度的随机性和结构性,通过克里格方程求得各个样本的权值,进而求出不同建基面的抗剪参数。 相似文献
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Nowadays, self-compacting concrete is used in reinforced concrete structure with heavy bars. This type of concrete is widely accepted throughout the world; therefore, it can be used as an attractive solution for inner lining of tunnels. Regarding the effect of fibers in improving the concrete properties the effect of using polypropylene fiber on the behavior of arch specimens are investigated in laboratory. Therefore, specimens with dimensions of 1 m diameter, 0.5 m width, and 10 cm thickness with various reinforcing bars in arch forms were prepared and their flexural strength was investigated. The results show high ability of self-compacting concrete for the inner coverage of tunnels and its increasing strength is due to use of fibers. In addition, the results indicate that by adding fibers in the amount of 0.1 % of cement weight and reinforcing bars of size number 10, the required flexural strength would be obtained. 相似文献
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为探究植入式光纤传感器与隧道衬砌的应变传递的边界效应,分别从理论、试验和现场应用3个方面进行研究,并在实际工程中进行了验证。构建了光纤在混凝土衬砌中的应变传递模型,进行光纤应变传递机制分析,计算了光纤应变传递效率,并与数值计算结果对比,验证了力学计算模型的准确性。使用钢筋混凝土梁模拟隧道的混凝土衬砌,在其表面植入分布式光纤,进行了2组试验。对试验梁进行分级加载并使用BOFDA技术对光纤进行测试。试验结果表明：植入式光纤传感器存在边界效应,结构两端为光纤的低效率应变传递区,不能完全传递试验梁的应变;试验梁中部为光纤的高效率应变传递区,能够完全传递试验梁的应变。基于以上研究成果,在北京市新机场线地铁暗挖隧道CRD工法区间,采用植入式工艺在隧道衬砌内布设了分布式光纤传感器,进行了工程应用研究。监测结果表明,边界效应对工程监测结果影响很小,分布埋入式光纤布设工艺是可行的。该研究可为分布式光纤技术在地下工程结构监测中的应用提供参考。 相似文献
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The semi-circular bending (SCB) using a split Hopkinson pressure bar system appears to be a promising method for measuring dynamic flexural strength of rock materials due to its distinct advantages. The quasi-static analysis is adopted for determining the dynamic flexural strength, of which several vital prerequisites have not been thoroughly examined yet. In this study, dynamic flexure tests regarding dynamic force equilibrium, interfacial friction effects, and energy partitioning are numerically investigated based on discrete element method (DEM) modeling. Results show that by virtue of the ramped wave loading, the force equilibrium of the specimen can be effectively achieved and the rupture is precisely measured to synchronize with the peak force, both of which guarantee the quasi-static data reduction method employed to determine the dynamic flexural strength; while the opposite occurs for the test under a rectangular wave loading. Furthermore, dynamic flexural strengths obtained by the numerical SCB tests exhibit approximately linear rate dependence that is identical with the experimental results. The interfacial friction, which is found to significantly influence the measuring results for rather high loading rates, contributes to enhancing the rate dependence of flexural strength and must be taken into account in dynamic flexure tests. In addition, energy partitioning is first numerically performed in the dynamic SCB tests and the nominal fracture energy manifests an S type of rate dependence with loading rates. 相似文献
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In a concrete structure subjected to an explosion, for example a concrete slab, the material is subjected to various states of stress which lead to many modes of rupture. Closer to the explosive, a state of strong hydrostatic compression is observed. This state of stress produces an irreversible compaction of the material. Away from the zone of explosion, confinement decreases and the material undergoes compression with a state of stress, which is slightly triaxial. Finally, the compression wave can be reflected on a free surface and becomes a tensile wave, which by interaction with the compression wave, produces scabbing. We present, in this paper, a model aimed at describing these three failure modes. It is based on visco‐plasticity and rate dependent damage in which a homogenization method is used in order to include the variation of the material porosity due to compaction. The model predictions are compared with several experiments performed on the same concrete. Computations of split Hopkinson tests on confined concrete, a tensile test with scabbing, and an explosion on a concrete slab are presented. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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纤维水镁石是一种独特的天然氢氧化物矿物纤维,具有增强增韧和耐高温阻燃等特点,被广泛应用于建筑、阻燃和造纸等领域,将纤维水镁石应用于高附加值产品中具有重要的经济意义,而纤维水镁石的应用与其矿物学特征密切相关。陕西汉中黑木林纤维水镁石矿是目前全球范围内储量最大的纤维水镁石矿床,目前对该地区纤维水镁石矿物学特征的研究较少。本文采用X射线衍射(XRD)、X射线荧光分析(XRF)、场发射扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、氮气吸脱附和热重分析(TGA)等测试方法,对黑木林纤维水镁石进行了矿物学特征测试分析与研究,同时也对热处理后纤维水镁石矿物学特征的变化规律进行了研究,为纤维水镁石的应用提供理论基础,为将其应用于高附加值产品中提供科学依据,从而进一步提高其经济价值。 相似文献
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Armand Sylvain Ludovic Wouatong Wamba Danny Love Djukem François Ngapgue Valentine Katte Véronique Kamgang Kabeyene Beyala 《Geotechnical and Geological Engineering》2017,35(6):2637-2646
Several soil improvement methods are used to enhance the engineering properties of soil, among which, reinforcement by fibers is considered as an effective ground improvement method because of its cost effectiveness, and easy adaptability. The present investigation chooses synthetic wick and vinifera raphia fibers as reinforcement. The synthetic wick fiber was randomly included into the soil at four different percentages i.e. 0, 2, 4, 6% by volume of raw soil. Vinifera raphia fiber was used at one percentage (4%) as control. The main objective of this research is to focus on the strength behavior of clayey soil reinforced with randomly included synthetic wick fiber. The physical and mineralogical characterization was carried out on ten soil samples. The compression, flexion, abrasion, water absorption and capillarity tests were performed on synthetic wick reinforced specimens with various fiber contents. The results of these tests have clearly shown an improvement in the compression strength values from 1.65 to 2.84 MPa for the wicks fibers, and the flexural strength values which varied between 1.08 and 1.96 MPa. Hence, the waste of synthetic wick fibers is therefore an efficient reinforcement for compressed earth blocks, which are very significant for construction of durable and economic infrastructures. 相似文献
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J. C. Gálvez J. M. Benítez M. J. Casati B. S. Tork D. A. Cendón 《国际地质力学数值与分析法杂志》2011,35(11):1257-1277
This paper presents a numerical procedure for bond between indented wires and concrete, and the coupled splitting process of the surrounding concrete. The bond model is an interface, non‐associative, plasticity model. It is coupled with a cohesive fracture model for concrete to take into account the splitting of such concrete. Bond between steel and concrete is fundamental for the transmission of stresses between both materials in precast prestressed concrete. Indented wires are used to improve the bond in these structural elements. The radial component of the prestressing force, increased by Poisson's effect, may split the surrounding concrete, decreasing the wire confinement and diminishing the bonding. The combined action of the bond and the splitting is studied with the proposed model. The results of the numerical model are compared with the results of a series of tests, such as those which showed splitting induced by the bond between wire and concrete. Tests with different steel indentation depths were performed. The numerical procedure accurately reproduces the experimental records and improves knowledge of this complex process. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献