共查询到19条相似文献，搜索用时 468 毫秒
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赤峰市１９９５年农业减产的气候原因分析李俊友（赤峰市气象局）赤峰市农业在连续５年获得特大丰收之后，１９９５年全市农业总产量突减至１５．７８亿公斤，比去年减产３２％。其中，阿旗和左旗减产幅度最大．分别为５２％和５５％，其次是松山区、红山区和喀旗，减产幅... 相似文献
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为了提高气候资源利用率,合理优化河南省冬季设施农业布局,利用1981—2018年河南省113个国家气象站冬季逐日最低气温资料,采用数理统计方法计算冬季年最低气温标准差和不同低温灾害指标的气候概率、发生频率、发生强度,并采用等权重法构建设施农业低温风险指数,结合低温灾情资料,选用有序样本最优聚类法划分设施农业低温风险等级,且叠加地表覆盖数据进行低温灾害风险评估。结果表明:河南省各地冬季低温灾害指标小于等于-5℃的气候概率和发生频率均超过0.80,不适宜发展塑料小拱棚,且不宜采用单层塑料大棚进行设施农业生产。信阳和南阳南部小于等于-10℃的气候概率和发生频率均小于0.20,适宜发展塑料大棚;鹤壁、安阳和濮阳小于等于-10℃的气候概率和发生频率均超过0.80,需发展日光温室才能保证设施作物生长。在塑料大棚发展区内,信阳市固始县和商城县为低温灾害轻度风险区,信阳大部、南阳部分区域和周口为中度风险区,其他地区均为重度风险区;在日光温室发展区内,濮阳、安阳和鹤壁部分区域为低温灾害特重风险区。河南省冬季各地不同等级的低温灾害风险有一定的区域性,在发展设施农业时,应因地制宜进行科学布局。 相似文献
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强降温天气对设施农业生产影响很大、风险较高。为了减少和降低强降温对设施农业的危害,提高设施农业生产应对强降温天气的处置和抗风险能力,采用关中东部设施农业生长季(当年11月—次年4月)11个气象站1961—2015年逐日平均气温、最低气温资料和同期灾情资料,基于ARCGIS平台,研究强降温对设施农业的影响和风险。结果表明:对于设施农业来说,24 h降温≥10℃的高风险区在白水、澄城和合阳,24 h降温≥8℃的高风险区在白水、澄城、合阳、蒲城和潼关。潼关种植设施农业的强降温风险高,不适宜大面积种植设施农业。蒲城设施蔬菜大棚24 h降温8℃的风险高,应采取措施加以应对。对设施农业来说,要高度重视11月和3—4月的强降温天气。另外,1—2月应重视持续低温造成的影响,11—12月要考虑强降温伴随的大风、降雪的综合影响。 相似文献
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影响和田冬季设施农业的气候变化特征分析 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
利用和田地区1961—2006年4个代表站的气候资料,对设施农业主要生产阶段冬季(12月—次年2月)的平均最低气温、浮尘日数、降雪日数、日照时数等气候因子的变化特点进行分析,结果表明:平均最低气温上升,日照时数增加,浮尘日数下降,上述变化对设施农业生产是有利的;但是降雪日数增加,对设施农业生产不利。针对和田地区气候特征,在加大设施农业发展力度,建立南疆特色瓜果蔬菜基地的同时,需要加强雪灾、冷害防御措施。 相似文献
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克拉玛依冬季气候变化特征及其对设施农业的影响 总被引：11，自引：0，他引：11
利用1961--2009年克拉玛依气象站气候资料,对冬季设施农业的主要生产阶段(12月一次年2月)的热量条件和光照条件进行分析。结果表明：克拉玛依冬季呈增暖趋势,平均最低气温增暖尤其显著,热量条件变化有利于设施农业;但日照时数显著减少,降雪日数、雾日数不显著增多,对设施农业生产有不利影响;同时,灾害性天气及极端气候事件的影响不可忽视。针对克拉玛依冬季气候变化特征,在发展设施农业的同时,需要加强气象灾害防御措施。 相似文献
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宁夏是我国生态脆弱区和贫困区之一,以宁夏为例开展农业适应行动实践具有一定的代表性和示范作用。根据气候变化适应行动实施框架,研究结果表明：宁夏未来气候干旱风险将增加,水资源短缺矛盾加剧,极端气候事件频率和强度加大。未来宁夏北部灌区农业应以发展节水灌溉和高效种植为主,中部以设施农业和牧业为主,南部以发展特色农业为主。气象部门和水利部门对适应技术的适应效果持乐观态度,农牧业部门和林业部门则态度谨慎。适应措施能否实施的首要条件是措施符合国家和地方的政策方针,其次是成本效益;在实施条件中,要求相对比较弱化的是公众对气候风险的认知程度以及措施的灵活调整性。在适应措施选择上,气象服务和种植结构调整成为首选的适应技术,而覆盖技术、节水技术由于更倾向于传统的技术范畴,虽然效果较好,但对其适应优先性选择存在影响。 相似文献
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内蒙古自治区油料作物产量气象预报模式的研究及应用刘布春，李友文，吴雅珍（内蒙古自治区农牧业气象中心）安长生（赤峰市环境科学研究所）引言油料作物为内蒙古自治区的主要经济作物之一，在我区农业生产中占有相当比重［１］。由于受气候、土壤等自然因素的影响，我区... 相似文献
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The thesis of this paper is that impacts from climatic change can be evaluated effectively as changes in the frequency of short-term, anomalous climatic events. These can then be expressed as changes in the level of risk of impact from climatic extremes. To evaluate this approach, the risk of crop failure resulting from low levels of accumulated temperature is assessed for oats farming in southern Scotland. Annual accumulated temperatures are calculated for the 323-year-long temperature record compiled by Manley for Central England. These are bridged across to southern Scotland and, by calculating mean levels of risk for different elevations, an average risk surface is constructed. One-in-10 and 1-in-50 frequencies of crop failure are assumed to delineate a high-risk zone, which is mapped for the 323-year period by constructing isopleths of these risk levels. By redrawing the risk isopleths for warm and cool 50-year periods, the geographical shift of the high-risk zone is delineated. The conclusion is that relatively recent and apparently minor climatic variations in the United Kingdom have in fact induced substantial spatial changes in levels of agricultural risk. An advantage of expressing climatic change as a change in agricultural risk is that support programs for agriculture can be retuned to accommodate acceptable frequencies of impact by adjusting support levels to match new risk levels. 相似文献
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Christopher R. Bryant Barry Smit Michael Brklacich Thomas R. Johnston John Smithers Quentin Chjotti Bhawan Singh 《Climatic change》2000,45(1):181-201
The effects of climatic variability and change on Canadian agriculture have become an important research field since the early 1980s. In this paper, we seek to synthesize this research, focusing on agricultural adaptation, a purposeful proactive or reactive response to changes associated with climate, and influenced by many factors. A distinctive feature of methods used in research on adaptation in Canadian agriculture is the focus on the important role of human agency. Many individual farmers perceive they are well adapted to climate, because of their extensive 'technological' tool-kit, giving them confidence in dealing with climatic change. In many regions, little concern is expressed over climatic change, except where there are particular types of climatic vulnerability. Farmers respond to biophysical factors, including climate, as they interact with a complex of human factors. Several of these, notably institutional and political ones, have tended to diminish the farm-level risks stemming from climatic variability and change, but may well increase the long term vulnerability of Canadian agriculture. Notwithstanding the technological and management adaptation measures available to producers, Canadian agriculture remains vulnerable to climatic variability and to climate change. 相似文献
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Possible Effects of Global Warming on Agriculture and Water Resources in Saudi Arabia: Impacts and Responses 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Fahad M. Alkolibi 《Climatic change》2002,54(1-2):225-245
This study assesses the possible impact of climatic change on Saudi Arabia's agriculture and water supplies using climatic change scenarios from GCMs (General Circulation Models) and related research. The resulting assessment indicates that an increase in temperature and decrease in precipitation could have a major negative impact on agriculture and water supplies in Saudi Arabia. To find signs of climatic change in Saudi Arabia a preliminaryassessment of systematic changes in temperature and precipitation was made, based on the records of four Saudi weather stations. The analysis of this data, which dates back to 1961, shows no discernable signs of climatic change during the study period. Such data is, however, limited both spatially and temporally and cannot provide conclusive evidence to confirm climatic changes projected by GCMs. Nevertheless, in the light of recent climatic conditions and rapid population growth, Saudi decision-makers are urged to adopt a `no regret' policy. Ideally, such a policy would include measures to avoid future environmental or socioeconomic problems that may occur in the event of significant climatic change. 相似文献
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近50年平凉地区气候变化及其对农业生产的影响 总被引：14，自引：3，他引：14
利用统计学方法对80年代前后平凉地区的气候变化特点进行了研究，并分析了气候变化对农业生产所产生的影响，为合理利用本地气候资源提供依据。 相似文献
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着力加强四大能力建设努力提升气象为农村改革发展服务水平 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
阐述了新时期推进农村改革发展对气象工作提出的新要求,以及农村防灾减灾、保障粮食安全、发展现代农业、农业应对气候变化对气象服务的新需求。面对新要求、新需求,江西气象部门必须坚持以科学发展观为指导,以服务农村经济社会发展和农民福祉安康为宗旨,以提高面向“三农”气象服务能力为核心,加快推进城乡公共气象服务均等化,着力建设发展适应江西省农业防灾减灾、农业应对气候变化、粮食安全保障、社会主义新农村建设需要的现代农业气象业务,着力发展农村公共气象服务,着力提升气象为农服务科技水平,努力实现气象为农村改革发展服务的新突破。 相似文献
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基于Citystar地理信息系统的气候资源信息服务系统,是气候资源统计推算和数值模拟结果的显示、查询及服务的平台.利用该系统可查询任一网格点的气候要素值,检索作物气象指标、地理信息及农业统计信息等,快速制作作物种植区划.该系统已用于北京郊区结构调整和农业新功能的开发工作中,为各级领导、农业生产主管部门制定农业结构调整及旅游资源、气候资源开发利用等规划决策提供科学的参考依据. 相似文献